UNIVERSITY
OF PITTSBURGH
^<^/
'/78'^^
LIBRARY
V"''
\y'
COLLECTIONS OF
THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY
FOR THE YEAR 1934
THE JOHN WATTS DePEYSTER
PUBLICATION FUND SERIES
LXVII
No?
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS
ALEXANDER J. WALL
FENWICK BEEKMAN, M. D.
HENRY PARISH
THE LETTERS AND
PAPERS
OF
CADWALLADER GOLDEN
VOLUME VIII
ADDITIONAL LETTERS AND PAPERS
1715-1748
NEW YORK
PRINTED FOR THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY
1937
Printed in the United States of America by
J, J. LITTLE AND IVES COMPANY, NEW YORK
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY
Until January 4, 1938
9^
\
PRESIDENT
JOHN ABEEL WEEKES
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT
R. HORACE GALLATIN
SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT
ROBERT E. BOWLING
THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT
HERBERT L. SATTERLEE
FOURTH VICE-PRESIDENT
AUGUSTUS C. HONE
FOREIGN CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
ARCHER MILTON HUNTINGTON
DOMESTIC CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
ERSKINE HEWITT
RECORDING SECRETARY
DeWITT m. lockman
TREASURER
GEORGE A. ZABRISKIE
LIBRARIAN
ALEXANDER J. WALL
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
FIRST CLASS FOR ONE YEAR, ENDING 1938
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON HIRAM SMITH
LEONIDAS WESTERVELT
SECOND CLASS FOR TWO YEARS, ENDING 1939
LeROY E. KIMBALL HENRY PARISH
ARTHUR SUTHERLAND
THIRD CLASS FOR THREE YEARS, ENDING 1940
JAMES LENOX BANKS JOHN V. IRWIN
STEPHEN H. P. PELL
FOURTH CLASS FOR FOUR YEARS, ENDING 1941
SAMUEL V. HOFFMAN FENWICK BEEKMAN, M. D.
LUCIUS WILMERDING
SAMUEL V. HOFFMAN, Chairman
ALEXANDER J. WALL, Secretary
[The President, Vice-Presidents, Recording Secretary,
Treasurer, and Librarian are members of the Executive
Committee.]
PREFACE
As its Collections for the years 1934 and 1935, The
New York Historical Society presents additional papers
of Cadwallader Golden (1688-1776), New York's eight-
eenth-century official and scholar. These are the 67th
and 68th volumes in the John Watts DePeyster Publica-
tion Fund Series, and Volumes VIII and IX of the
Cadwallader Colden Papers. They supplement the
Golden Papers already published in the same series, and
cover the same period. The manuscripts now printed
were not acquired by the Society, unfortunately, until
after the appearance of its last Golden volume, or they
would, of course, have been included with the others, in
chronological sequence. As it is, these two volumes must
always be consulted in conjunction with the Society's
earher Golden publications.
The other manuscripts, hitherto printed by the Soci-
ety, have been in its possession for many years. In his
will, in 1776, the Honorable Gadwallader Golden be-
queathed all his manuscripts and books to his youngest
son, David Golden (1733-1784), who for some years
acted as his father's secretary. They descended to
David's grandson, David Gadwallader Golden, who
died in 1850, without issue. His widow, Mrs. Frances
(Wilkes) Golden, thereupon entrusted the Golden man-
uscripts to Mr. Frederic DePeyster, then Second Vice-
President of The New York Historical Society, subject
to the disposition that might be made of them by the
Honorable Ogden Hoffman (1794-1856), also a grand-
son of David Golden and a great-grandson of Gadwal-
lader Golden. Mr. Hoffman decided to present them to
this Society, and did so in June, 1852. The manuscripts
were gratefully accepted, with a special resolution of
viii PREFACE
thanks to Mr. Hoffman, at a meeting of the Society on
October 5, 1852. Mr. Hoffman's gift, added to some
Golden papers already in the Library, gave The New
York Historical Society a large and important mass of
source material for the eighteenth century.
Cadwallader Colden's Letter Books, 1760-1775, were
pubhshed by the Society in its Collections for 1876 and
1877, and most of the other letters and papers were
printed in seven volumes, as the Society's Collections for
the years 1917 through 1923. The only manuscripts
given by Ogden Hoffman that were not printed in ex-
tenso were miscellaneous scientific and political letters
and papers, of specialized interest, and these were calen-
dared at the end of the 1923 volume, pages 359-76.
Over three hundred Cadwallader Colden manuscripts,
however, remained in the possession of Ogden Hoffman's
daughter. Miss Virginia Southard Hoffman (born 1842),
who took them to England. After her death, by direc-
tion of her executors, they were sold at auction at her
late residence, 2 Wilton Street, Grosvenor Place, London,
on March 11, 1919, and were bid in by Henry Stevens,
Son & Stiles, of London. They were first offered to The
New York Public Library, whose Reference Librarian,
Mr. Henry M. Lydenberg, kindly called them to this
Society's attention. The New York Historical Society
purchased them all in September, 1924, and decided to
print them, to complement its earlier publications.
In these Golden volumes, as in the earlier ones, the
manuscripts are copied exactly as to capitalization, spell-
ing, punctuation, abbreviations, and contractions, typog-
raphy permitting. Following the original, the letter "y"
is used to represent "th", and the letter "q" for "wh",
so that, for example, "y*" equals "the", "y°"' equals
"them", "broy'" equals "brother", "q*" equals "what",
and "q°" equals "when". The manuscripts have been ar-
ranged and prepared for publication, proof-read and in-
dexed, by Miss Dorothy G. Barck, Head of the Society's
Reference Department. She wishes to acknowledge the
assistance, on some special points, of Miss Edna L. Jacob-
PREFACE ix
sen, Head of the Manuscripts and History Section of the
New York State Library, Mr. George S. Eddy, of New
York, Major Edgar Erskine Hume, M.C., U.S.A., Dr.
Beverly McAnear, and Dr. Richard B. Morris.
All of the unprinted Golden manuscripts purchased
by the Society in London in 1924, are printed in these
Collections for 1934 and 1935, except the following:
Draft, partly in Gadwallader Golden's handwriting
and partly written by his son, David, of Ghapters I-IV
of the 1747 edition of his History of the Five Indian
Nations; and part of the first sixty-six pages of the 1727
edition, concluding with a note in Golden's autograph:
"What remains of y^ first part is not altered from y*
printed book except in y^ changing of a few words."
Draft, in Golden's handwriting, for a new edition of
his History of the Five Indian Nations, consisting of
Ghapters 8-24 of the intended revised edition (corre-
sponding to Ghapters I-XIII of Part H of the 1747 edi-
tion) plus an 8-page account of a conference between
Lord Bellomont and the Indians, held in August, 1700.
folio, pp. 154.
Additional data to be inserted in Parts I and II of
Golden's History of the Five Indian Nations.
Draft of Introduction to the 1747 edition of Golden's
History of the Five Indian Nations, pp. 6-19.
An account, mostly in Golden's handwriting, of con-
ferences between Indian sachems and the Gommander
and Gommissioners at Albany, December 20, 1677-
August 2, 1689. folio, pp. 35.
Gopy, in an unidentified 18th-century handwriting, of
conferences between Indian sachems and the Magistrates
of Albany, July 31, 1686-February 4, 1689/90. folio,
pp. 54.
Lists and miscellaneous notes on Indian place-names
and Indian tribes.
Draft, in Golden's handwriting, of his Memorial con-
cerning the Fur Trade of the Province of New York,
folio, pp. 13. This draft differs shghtly from the version
X PREFACE
printed in O'Callaghan's Documents Relative to the
Colonial History of New York, V. 726 jj., and in Colden's
History of the Five Indian Nations, 2d edition, 1747,
Part II, 25-42.
Draft, in Colden's handwriting, of his account of the
Trade of New York [1723]. folio, 8 pp. (Printed in
O'Callaghan's Documents Relative to the Colonial His-
tory of New York, V, 658 ff.
Draft, entirely in Colden's handwriting, of the Memo-
rial to Governor Cosby on the State of the Grants of
Land in the Province of New York, February, 1732/3.
folio, pp. 16. The Society has a copy of this Memorial
(with the 1752 postscript in Colden's writing), from
which O'Callaghan printed it in his Documentary His-
tory of New York, I, 375-89.
Draft of a letter from Governor George Clinton to the
Board of Trade [June 22, 1747], entirely in Colden's
handwriting, folio, pp. 18. The final letter sent is
printed in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of
New York, VI, 352-57.
Colden's daily measurements of stalks of lucerne (al-
falfa), and observations on their growth, July-Septem-
ber, 1743. folio, pp. 2.
The following commissions to John Hill (husband of
Colden's Aunt Elizabeth) : commission from William
Markham, Lieutenant-Governor of the Counties annexed
to the Province of Pennsylvania, appointmg John Hill,
of Lewes, Sussex County, to be Conmiander-in-Chief of
that town and county, October 25, 1692; warrant ap-
pointing Hill Deputy-Collector and Chief Ofiicer of the
Customs for the County of Sussex, dated May 6, 1693,
signed by William Markham; commission to John Hill
and Hendrick Molleston as Rangers for the County of
Sussex, signed by Samuel Jenings, Receiver-General,
dated 24th of the 4th month, 1693; commission from
John Evans, Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania, ap-
pointing Hill captain of a foot company of militia, dated
Philadelphia, July 12, 1705. Warrant issued by Thomas
Holme, Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania, authorizing
PREFACE xi
Thomas Pemberton, Deputy-Surveyor in the county of
Sussex, to survey 200 acres of land in that county for
Anthony Parsley, dated 30th day of the 9th month, 1693.
Letters written by and to Colden's children and grand-
children after his death.
Duplicates, on flimsy tissues, of letters from Rev.
Charles Samuel Stewart, U.S.N. (1795-1870) to Miss
Virginia Southard (who became the second wife of Hon.
Ogden Hoffman), June 1-September 14, 1832, describ-
ing his travels in England and Scotland. These are the
copies, sent to America, of most of the letters printed by
Chaplain Stewart in his Sketches of Society in Great
Britain a?id Ireland in 1832 (Philadelphia, 1834, 2 vol;
2nd edition, Philadelphia, 1835, 2 vol.). Also an auto-
graph letter signed, from Chaplain Stewart, to Miss
Southard, dated The Palace, Chester, Nov. 5, 1832, giv-
ing a short account of his visit to Ireland.
Included with the manuscripts purchased in London
in 1924, were copies of Colden's printed scientific works.
These were: the first edition of Colden's An Explication
of the First Causes of Action in Matter, and, of the Cause
of Gravitation, printed by James Parker at New York,
in 1745; the first London edition of the same, reprinted
for J. Brindley, 1746; and three copies of The Principles
of Action in Matter, the Gravitation of Bodies, and the
Motion of the Playlets, explained from those Principles,
printed by R. Dodsley, in London, with the imprint 1751.
One of these copies of The Principles of Action in Matter
is bound, and is complete with title-page, dedication,
preface, 215 pages, and 2 folding plates at the end. The
other two copies are unbound, without title-pages, and
one lacks also the last two leaves and the folding plates.
These incomplete volumes were edited and emended in
preparation for a new edition which never materialized.
One, now somewhat mouse-eaten, contains many correc-
tions in Colden's own handwriting, with his additional
sentences and paragraphs written on separate slips, and
pinned to the printed pages. Laid in the book, near the
xii PREFACE
section on the Doctrine of Fluxions, one finds Colden's
drafts of articles on infinities, on air, on the elasticity of
the air, and on ''the cohesion of the parts of bodies." In
the second incomplete Principles of Action in Matter,
Colden's corrections are fairly copied in a clear, unidenti-
fied hand, with the supplemental sheets carefully pasted
on the emended pages. The corrections were copied only
through page 136, and the remaining leaves are uncut.
Alexander J. Wall,
Librarian
CONTENTS
PAGB
Preface vii
Additional Letters to Cadwallader Colden and to
His Wife, Alice (Chrystie) Golden from Their
Kinsmen in Scotland, England, and Norway,
1715-1746 1
Additional Letters and Papers of Cadwallader
Colden, 1720-1748 157
Index 363
THE LETTERS AND PAPERS
OF
CADWALLADER GOLDEN
VOLUME VIII
LETTERS TO CADWALLADER GOLDEN
AND TO HIS WIFE, ALICE (CHRYSTIE) GOLDEN,
FROM THEIR KINSMEN
IN SCOTLAND, ENGLAND, AND NORWAY
1715-1746
From Rev. Alexander Colden to his son, Cadwallader
C olden
[OxNAM, Scotland, September [?], 1715]
[beginning illegible]
letter [illegible] since I received [illegible] account of
your safe arrival from [illegible] in your way from pensil-
vania I cannot express how your mother & I wer filled
w* joy and thankfullness to God for his care of you &
preservation through so many dangers I am troubled
y* you could get no information at London of my being
alive especially since M'' Elliot of Wells had lately a let-
ter from me & my Lord Jedburgh who is one of the
collonels in the Scotch foot guards saw me [j]ust as he
left his own house, he is to be found at the Antigua
coffee house at London I wrote all this to you in my
two former but because I have heard nothing from you
last week or this signifying your receipt of my former I
am made to fear y* they have been miscarried & y* your
anxietie about me still continues especially se[ei]ng I
did desire y* at least I might hear from you at least
weekly. I begin anee to be anxious about you because I
have not heard from you last week nor yesterday. I pray
fail not to write to me how you are in health & when you
designe to leave London & what way you designe to take
when we may expect you will be at New Castle y* we
may send to meet y[ou] I fear it will be dangerous
traveling because of the confusion y* we fear here, it will
be needful! you have a pass from the government
My Lord Jedburgh will easyly procure it to you & will
be ready to doe you all kindnes he can if he be not gone
from London w* the guards. M'" Elliot will also be ready
to serve you in this matter you wer at his house when
1
2 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
you was formerly at London & received five pounds from
him by bill upon M'^ Edgar the Lord himselfe who
hath hitherto directed you & preserved you continue his
care of you indeavour to get company w* you I
commit you to the care of him w* out whose providence
a hair cannot fall from your head the Lord bless
you be w* y[ou You]r moy"" & James giv[e thei]r
most tender love to you. I am [dear] sone
Your most tenderly affectionat father
Alex"" Colden
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Colden
to be Left at the Pensilvania
Coffee house
London
[Sealed with monogram:] A
I C
[Postmarked:] Barwick
From James Chrystie to his prospective brother-in-law,
Cadwallader Colden
London, October 4^"^ 1715
D. B. C.
Yours dated Sepf 25*'' I received last night, and tho'
I had gott no letter from you, I was resolved to write by
this Post. I had called several times att the Pensyslvania
Coffee house since you went from this, and on friday last
I found a letter there for you from Lisbon, w*" I carried
presently to M"" Milln,^ who upon looking to your instruc-
tions found that you had directed him to break open y"*"
let^ from Lisbon, & answer them &c : He read the letter ;
and desired me to acquaint you when I wrote, y* your
correspondent in Lisbon has sent no bills by this letter,
1 David Milne.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 3
but promises to remitt you some by the next mail, for
part of your wheat that is sold, and as soon as he does so
M'' ]Mill will advise you.
As for my Brothers affair, it's like to be very tedious.
The answer The Lords of Admiralty gav to his Petition,
was that they had orderd The Sessions to hold as soon as
they could w* any conveniency, and that his bussiness
was appointed to be tryed then. But The Judge Ad-
mirall had adjourned the Sessions to the 24*" of this
month, without advising w* the Solicitor to the Admi-
ralty, who would readily have prevented it and gott our
Bussiness brought on sooner. And tho' this be a long
day to me upon many accounts, yet if it could be done
then I should be somewhat easy, but I perceiv our affair
must yet be delayed a little further, for writts must be
issued out for calling a Jury &c: 15 days before the
Tryall, and this cannot be done till the Sessions do
actually meet and Order these Writts, So that I'm affraid
our bussiness cannot be done till the 8 of November att
Soonest, however I'm doing all I can to gain these 15
days but I'm affraid it will not do. I have as yet gott no
letter from my father or Sister since I came hither I
have writt to them thrice, & I do not intend to write
again till I have one from them; If you have occasion
you may communicate this I have wrote about
Johnies bussiness to them; however it's probable I may
have a le"" from them by the first or 2"*^ post, & as soon as
I receive it I shall write to them.
As for news I can write none to you. The material
news that we are all here every day most a gaping for,
are those from Scotland,^ & our accounts from thence are
very uncertain ; It's talkt this day in towne that Sir W"
Windham^ has Surrendred himself (I suppose you know
there was a proclama" for apprehending him, & a reward
of 1000 Lb. promised) It's talkt likewise the Bishop
of Rochester ^ is taken into Custody, and some say D'
1 Because of the beginning of the Jacobite uprising of 1715.
2 Sir William Wyndham (1687-1740).
3 Francis Atterbury (1662-1732).
4 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Sacheverell.^ When you wish, fail not to send me what
you can about the Affairs in our North country.
M" Stack-house and her daughters give their service
to you I would desire mine to be given heartily to your
father & mother if I durst avow my being here. This is
all from
Yours as formerly
J C.
[Addressed:] To M^ Cadwallader Golden
att Oxnam near Jedbrugh
To the care of the Post-master
of Berwick upon Tweed.
[Postmarked:] 4
OC 6
From James Colden to his brother, Cadwallader Colden
Edn" De: 31 1715
Dear Brother
I wrot to you befor and sent in it some of my mothers
hair to my Sister whom I wis an everlasting happiness
and that your Honey Moneth and sake posset embraces
may always last if I might be so happie as to have
you beside m[e] I would not know how to prise so great a
mercie but since it cannot be I could wish that all occa-
sions of Jelousies might vanish and disapear for It truly
greiv'd me to hear my father suspecting your love to
him to be deminished since your mariage and he grounded
his suspition on your not writing so often as you used to
do. pray brother if we cannot have your company let us
have your love you may depend on it that tho we be
absent on from another I shal stil entertain the same
1 Henry Sacheverell (d. 1724).
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 5
love to yu that I ever had or that it is possible for an
brother to have to another I'll trouble you with no
mor at this time but my hearty prayers that God may
bless you with all the blessings of a maried life with all
temporal and eternal blessings This is from
Your loving Brother
James Golden
M"" Thomson gives his service to you and desiers you
to enquier if that ship that we wer talking of in q'^ his
son was be either come hom or if she be heard of
Notato to Direct yours for me at M" Kellies at the
foot of Nidries wynd
Whatever faults or errors you find take them as
sighns that y^ is really mine
[Addressed:] To M' Gadwallader
Golden To be found at
The Pensylvania Goffee
house London
From Margaret and Ann Goudie to Mrs. Gadwallader
C olden
Kelso ^ Jan 7, 1716
Dear Gomrad
I recived yours which was very acceptibeU to me if I
had not hard of you bay your father and brother I wold
heav been very uneasie with your Silence I am glad to
hear that you are so weell pleased with your new State
of Life I pray the Lord containow and makes the
1 In the county of Roxburgh, Scotland.
6 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
same however I cannot but regreat my own Lose that I
heave not the hapynes to Sie you but I Shall Live in the
hops of heaving a joyfull meating with you therfor Dear
Alii Do not Disapoint me of my hops and forget your
frinds and Comrads hear but return quickely bak to
them give my humble service to Mr Golden and tell
him that the only way to reconseall him and me together
is to bring you quickly bak to me my Mother hir
humble servic to you and Desirs you will Still be puting
my Cusin Mr. haliburton in mind to ask after my
brother We hear the Lisbon Site is com in so we
Desier you wold Sie giv you can get any acount of him
that way be plaised to Send me word anent the Scarlet
daying for a bead as for your tea bargine You know
I am very Litell taken up about that however to hoav
your company I could be content to Drink tea or any
thing is all wishing the Lord may preserv you both
and send you a Safe voage and a quick and Safe return is
and ever shall be the sinsear Desier of
Dear Alii your af ect comrad and humble servant
Margaret Goudie
Dear Gomrad
I am glad to hear that your ar so well pleased with your
new steat of life and that it hath not mad you forget
your Gomrads tho at a distanc let hus hear from you
by writting sine we cannot convers tother at your teae
tibel give my humbell service to Mr Golden and tell
him the only way to oblige hus his to bring you son bak
agan to hus which is all wishing you a safe voage and
quick and safe return is and ever shall be the Sincseare
desier of Dear AUi your very Afect Gomrad and humbell
Servant
Ann Goudie
[Addressed:] To M^^ Golden
London
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 7
From James Chrystie to his brother-in-law, Cadwdllader
Golden
Kelso. Jan^^ 7^'' 1716
D. B. C.
We had yours of Dec"" 3P*; and embrace your le"
with a great deal of Chearfullness. When I was att
Oxnam in the beginning of the last week, your mother
gave me to understand that both your father and she
thought it very strange that Alice did not write to them ;
I would have her mend that fault by sending them let-
ters more than one or two, for I perceiv it is not satisfy-
ing that you write alon We are all here very well,
only my mother cannot digest the loss of her daughter;
We were all just now very merry drinking your healths;
Doctor Gibson and his Lady were with us and gave their
hearty service to you. She desires that Alice may send
her notice whither or no She be hard wi' Lad and if she
is not, She resolves to send you a Challenge by the next
post after She know's it. The Doctor has been adviseing
my mother to go over to Philadelphia, to wait on her
daughter's bearing her first son ; my Mother seems to be
pretty much disposed that way; But it is very proper
She Should know first how many months Reckoning
Alice has. We heard from M"" M'^Lellan that he had a
letter from Davie dated Nov"" 14, & y* he had writ to him
Since; to come home with the first Ship for that he'l
have no further bussiness there for him til Aprile. I have
been laying out my Self as much as I could, to provide
that 8 lb. for you. My Friend M"" Veatch ^ is to procure
it for me the next week, if possibly he can ; But he bor-
rowed the last money he made for me, from two Severall
hands, & I believe he must borrow this from a third.
There is a correspondent of mine who desires me to write
to you, That you would be pleased to inform me, what
encouragm* those that understand book-keeping may ex-
pect at London, and if they employ any for book-keep-
ing, tho' they do not understand buying and selling, and
1 Henry Veatch (Veitch).
8 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
what is the most proper Season of the year for one to
come to London in Order to Meet w* encouragement.
If your leizure can allow you to inform your Self about
this, let me know, that I may Send him an answer. I
would always expect that w° you write, you would Send
us Account of the most remarkable news ye have att
London. We want mightily to know something more
about our prisoners than that the London Lady's are
dying for them; what it's thought will become of them
&c:
We have nothing or cert[ai]nty in this Place w* re-
spect to the Affairs in the north. It's very much believ'd
att Ed'' that the Pretender ^ is there : Le" from thence
tell us that Mar,^ Marshall ^ & General Hamilton were
a missing at Perth. V/hether they be gone to meet &
wait on their King, or to seek a retreat for themselves,
is variously conjecturd The last however seems to me
most likely. Eymouth is as good as planted w* M"" Allan.
The Parioch have subscrived & given in a petition to the
P*"^ for him. S" Jo Stewart gott Hilbon to appear for
him; and He (it is said) cudgel'd the people in to it by
threatning them w* military execution. He was a capt:
of the Militia & y"" was deficients among them. My
mother thanks Alice for the Hood & handkerchief she
says she has sent her. But she Challenges you to per-
form what you promised her, she says that you gave your
word that you would cause draw your Picture & your
Wife's att London & send her them in compliment. You
could scarce Send a more acceptable present to her, or
all of us; and I really think Since you have denyed us
the happiness of enjoying your presence & hers here, the
least you can do is to allow us to enjoy a Sight of you
in Efiigie. I would scarce break off so soon, if it were
not late in Saturdays night, and I have something on my
hands for to morrow. I wonder neither Alice nor you
speaks one Word about M''^ Stackhouse and her family.
1 James Stuart, the "Old Pretender," called by his adlierents King
James VIII of Scotland and James III of England.
2 John Erskine, Earl of Mar, leader of the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715.
s George Keith, Earl Marischal.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 9
My hearty Service to them all and every one of them.
My mother wants to know whither Alice has seen her
niece. Tell us pray whither or no you have received
your baggage. My Father & Mother affectionatly re-
member you both. My Aunt and Andrew give y° Ser-
vice. I am
Your affectionate Brother
Jas Chrystie
Eliz. Waldie is to be proclaimed to morrow on Geo:
Handyside her couzen. Bailie Pringle's daughters were
here this afternoon & send their service to Alice. The
English Lady gives her service to you both. She is come
to be our [torn] neighbour, in M"" Gladstones house.
Please to seal the inclosed & s[end i]t by the Penny-
post.
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Golden
att M"^' Stackhouse's
att the Sign of the Crowne
in Kingstreet, Gheapside
London
[Postmarked:] Barwick 16
JA
From Rev. Alexander Golden
OxNAM Janry 24^'* 1716
Dear Sone
I have yours of the 7^^ instant and your moy*" another
of the 10***. I wrote to you y* same day y* yours to your
mother reached us which I hope you have w* my former
befor this. I can assure you & doe it y*^ your Mother hath
been greatly greived since your Last to me & y* because
of your mistaking hers to you as she apprehends I
10 CABWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
am perswaded y* what she wrote flowed not from want
of affection to you but rather from want of remembrance
& consideration of what you wrote to us from New
Castle. She cannot get you nor Ahe out of her thoughts
night nor day no not when her thoughts should be other-
wise employd. her love to our dear daughter increases
more & more, its hearty and sincere she hath often
profest to me y* she looks upon her as the most fitt wife
y'^ could been provided for you and sees the good hand
of God in your mariage. As I have often said so now I
say it again y* I doubt not but you will have great peace
of minde in your mariage. I know not what the Lord
designs to doe w* you but I am more & more hopefull y*
his thoughts towards you are thoughts of good & not of
evil for I have frequently greater felicitie & freedome of
spirit & soul inlargment in prayer for you and Alie then
usual wherby my soul is refreshed I expect y* your
moy"" brother & I are not & will not be forgot by either
of you in your prayers as I hope you shall never be forgot
by us so long as we are capable to pray for ourselves. I
have more y° ordinary need of the help of the prayers
of others. I wrote to you to let us know y® name of the
ship & the masters name you designe to goe in & who
are passengers w* you & desire furder y*^ if you shall be
obliged to goe ashoar any where after you get out of the
Thames, befor you get to Lands end, y* you write to us
from thence, forget not to let us know how your letters
to you shall be directed at London y* they may not mis-
carry as formerly. We are sorie y* you put your selfe to
the expense of buying so much popline for your mother
& y* because of what you will be obliged to expend in
staying so long at London y"" for if you allow me I
designe to write to M"" Elliot at London to give you the
money you laid out for the popline upon your signifying
to me what it is or if you pleas draw a bill upon me to
M"" Elliot for it & I shall accept it & paj^ it here to Baylea
laidla his chamberlain in this countrie or any pson he
shall be pleased to order, seeing I can not better your
outward condition in your coming to visit us I am loath
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS H
it should be made worse. I have inclosed a letter to your
aunt upon which you may put a cover & direct & seal
it your brother James hath had a severe fitt of the
toothake & was obliged to draw a tooth since he went
to Edinburgh. I had not a line from him last week for
the storm is so great here & y^ weather was so bad y'^
y^ cariers did not venture to travel, nor can any travel
from hence to New-Castle you give me no account of
your busines at Lisbone I hope you have had a satis-
fying issue of it. if it be not brought to a period I am
hopefull you will leave it to be agented by him to whom
you committed it & order q* remains to be sent either to
London or Pensilvania by bill y* because we have fre-
quent account of English & Dutch ships taken by the
Tunis & galley robers & will not hazard both your per-
sons & goods by goeing y* way to receive what may re-
main M-" M^kay M^ Gusthart & M"^ Young give their
kinde service to you both M"" M'^kay was troubled y'^
he did not see you both befor you left this countrie he
designed to have come & seen you y* day you went away
& was surprised when he heard from M"" & M""^ Christie
y'^ you wer gone M*" Young had his horse drawn to
have come after you expecting to have found you at
Thomas Robsons but as he was taking horse he got ane
express to goe to a dying relation. M"" Gusthart sent a
letter to me excusing his not comeing y* day you went off
& shewing his designe to have waited upon you the next
day if you had not been gone.
Let us hear weekly from you we expect a line
from you next post the weather was so bad here y*^
the Jedburgh [po]st did not goe yesterday to Kelso and
y* because in all probability the Kelso post wuld not stur
on [torn] Lords day. I had a letter from M' M*"
clatchie which I designd to have a return to by this post
but [I can] not find it now & have forgot how I should
direct mine to him as he advised in his. I purpose to
search for it in the house tho now I cannot find it but
lest it be fallen by so as it may not be found in your next
give me information how I may direct to him for I de-
12 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
signe to keep up a correspondence w* him give him
my kinde respects to him I desire to committ you
both to the keeping & direction of him y* keeps Hearts
& who hath promisd to be the god & guide of his people
even unto death I intend god wilUng to write weekly
to you while you stay, tho I am loath to put you to ex-
pense your mother gives her tender love to you both.
Grace be w* you both I am Dear Sone
Your most tenderly affectionat father
Alex'" Colden
Your mother designs to write next week to her sister,
if you think it needfull
[Addressed:] To M' Cadwallader Colden
to be Left at the Pensilvania-Coffee-house
London
[Postmarked:] Barwick-==^
If hi
From James Chrystie to his brother-in-law and sister,
Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
SwiNTOWN,^ December 24*^ 1716
D.B.C.
I had a letter yesterday from your cousin M"" Hill
wherein he tells me that you have Ordered him to buy a
suite of cloaths for you att London, with that 8 Lb. which
you expect I have remitted to him before now. I shall
be heartyly sorry if my Res Augusta putts you to any
disappointment. I have not indeed as yett remitted that
money to him, nor was it possible for me to be master
of it. I thought indeed & have had it from M' Veatch
1 Swinton, in the county of Berwick, Scotland.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 13
in the same manner, that I had the rest of the money
that I made use of for defraying the charges of my Lon-
don expedition; but that fountain is dryed up. He bor-
rowed that 18 Lb. w'' he lent me and I have not been able
as yet to pay him any thing of it but the interest, and
now the Persons from whom he borrowed it are pressing
upon him for it; and because I cannot as yett answer
him, he's going to be so kind once more as to borrow it
from anoy"" hand to satisfy his first creditors. I must
therefor beg your pardon that I cannot answer your
demand; and intreat your patient trust of that little
money for a while, till I can be master of it, and it shall
be thankfully paid you, with interest. My father joins
with me in begging your excuse.
We received ail your letters, both those you sent first
upon your arrival, those you sent upon your being made
a father,^ and that of the 8'^ of October last. It's with
the greatest satisfaction that we receive all your letters
& have the opportunity of hearing so frequently from
you. I wish you much Joy of your young son, and am
very fond of the Title of an Uncle. My father wrote
to you about 3 weeks ago, which probably may come in
the same ship with this. We are all in very good health
as your father & mother & brother were when we heard
last from them. I have not time now to write att such
length as I would, having 2 discourses upon my hand to
deliver to morrow before the p"^ of Churnsyde in order
to my settlem* att Simprin. However I'l venture to
steal half an hour more to write to Alie on the other side,
Tho' it's with the greatest pleasure imaginable that I
reflect upon our having a long intimate friendship forti-
fyed with the addition of a new and near Relation; Yet
my present circumstances lay me almost under a Tempta-
tion to envy your happiness in enjoying that person (One
of the dearest to me in the World) with whom I used to
promise my Self the greatest satisfaction, in having her
a while for my huswife after I took up house; and now
1 Alexander Golden, son of Gadwallader and Alice (Ghrystie) Golden,
was born in Philadelphia, August 13, 1716.
14 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
that I have so near a prospect of that, I begin to feel
the uneasiness att the want of her more than I have done
before. I have now a very pleasant little house empty,
which I may likely have to go into about 6 weeks hence ;
but your robbing me of Alie makes me that I don't know
which way to look about to provide for my self. How-
ever That you may long be happy in one another, and
ever under the Kind protection of Divine providence,
and visited w* the Distinguishing blessings of his favour
is and shall be the hearty prayer of
Your most affectionat Brother
Ja: Chrystie
Dear Sister
My father in his letter which he sent lately gave you
a particular account of all our affairs, both w'^ respect
your brethren Johnie & Davie & my Self ; I send this to
David att London, who I suppose will write to you from
thence himself. I need not tell you with how much
pleasure both your relations here and all your other
Acquaintances receive the accounts of your wellfare from
time to time. You and we have reason to admire the
Kind providence of a Good God in all the instances of his
favour to you. My father told you of my intended Set-
tlem* att Simprin & I must give you an account of
another passage relating to me. I believe you know
M"" Buchanan ^ Min'^ of Dumfermling is Dead. Some
time ago. Sir Peter Hacket one of the Heretors there
(who is one of my best friends) and all the Heretors
there (of any consideration) resolved to have me Settled
M"" Erskins ^ Collegue, and for that purpose they sent for
me last Summer. And the whole community of the
Heretors being Patrons, They gave me a Presentation,
which was Seconded too by the Subscriptions of 500
heads of families. However the greatness of the charge
quite discouraged me from thinking of undertaking it.
It being absolutely the greatest Charge I know in Scot-
1 Thomas Buchanan.
2 Ralph Erskine.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 15
land, their Number amounting to near 6000. And att
the same time a Call to Simprin Offering, which is the
Smallest Charge in Scotland without comparison, their
number being about 70 persons, I have thought fitt
rather to give way to this Settlement. However, the
Gentlemen in Dumfermling have not yett dropt their
pretensions to me, that I can hear of ; but are Still carry-
ing it on. I have indeed written to them to forbear; but
what they do I can't tell. I must take notice to you
only of one thing. M^ Erskine my old good friend has
been the man who has mainly, underhand, done what he
could to defeat the heretors Design in my Settlem* there.
However he has injured him.self mightily by it, and prob-
ably could not carry his point neither, If I my Self were
willing to accept that call. I stay att pub. for most part
here w* M'' Veatch, & will not probably take up house att
Simprin for all next Summer, if I don't light upon a wife
some way or other to take it up w* me. And indeed to be
plain I have neither liru ^ nor any thing else to take up
1 "Liru" equals "mony." Here and in many of the following words,
there are substitutions for eight of the consonants and for all of the
vowels (except when the writer was inconsistent) as follows: a = e;
e = a;i = o;o:==i;u = y;y=u, orv, orw;l = m;m = l;n =
r; r = n. Deciphered, this and the following sentences read:
And indeed to be plain I have neither mony nor any thing else to
take up house with; for I can have no stopard till Martimass next.
And indeed where to have mony to buy a horse, 2 cowes, to furnish
a house, & books, & to defray the Charges of my ordination, & to man-
tain me all the next Summer, I cannot yet contrive. And you know
when the stopard comes in, it is butt small, the most it can amount
to, reckoning the glebe & all, is but about 40 Lb in the year, however
I'm very well content. As for my father's family, they are Just in the
Same circumstances they used to be in. Never yett gott above the
World, suppose their creditt is as intire as ever. They are still so little
able to comand mony, that my father could not pay that ten Pound
w" he was owing att Edinbrugh for your Wedding cloaths, but suffered
his bill to be protested; & how he would have paid it. The Lord
knowes; if my dear Brother David had not at that time luckily come
home, & frankly paid it for him which indeed was such an act of
Generosity in him, that I will never forgett it. And that Three Pound
w*" my father owes for books you gott, is stil unpaid & IVF Davidson
has my bill for it. You See our present condition, however I hope
through time we Shal gett over all our Straits. But I must now break
off. I hope I need not putc you in mind to continue to seek the lord;
I doubt not, but the favourable dispensations you have mett with,
will engage you more constantly to adhere to his service & fear. I ceas
nott to remember you both in my prayers to God, as I hope you do me.
16 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
house with; for I can have no stopard till Martimass
next. And indeed where to have liru ti byu e hinsa, 2
ciyas, ti fynrosh e hiuse, & biiks, & ti defray the Charges
of lu indoretoir, & ti lerteor la all the next Summer, I
cannot yet contrive. And you know when the stopard
comes in, it is butt small, the most it can amount to,
reckoning the gmaba & all, is but about 40 Lb or tha
uaen. however I'm very well content. As fin lu fethan's
felomu, they are Just in the Same circumstances they
used to be in. Never yett gott above the World, Sup-
pose their creditt is as intire as ever. They are still so
little able to comand liru ; that my father could not peu
thet tar Piyrd, w"" ha yes iyorg ett Adorbnugh fin uiyn
Yaddorg cmieths, but suffered his bomm ti ba pnitastad ;
& hiy ha yiumd heya peod ot, The Mind kriyas; of lu
daen Bnithan Deyod hed rit et that tola lyckomy cila
hila, & fnerkmy peod ot fin hoi which indeed was such as
act of Generosity in him, that I will never forgett it. Erd
thet Thnaa Piyrd w*^ lu fethan iyas fin biiks uiy gitt, os
stom yrpeod, & L° Deyodsir hes lu bomm fin ot. Uiy
Saa iun prasart cirdotoir. hiwayan, 0 hipa thniugh tola
ya Shem gatt iyan emm iyn Stneots. But I must now
break off. 0 hipa 0 raad rit pytt uiy or lord ti cirtorua
ti saak tha mind ; 0 diubt rit, byt tha f eyiunebla dospar-
setoirs uiy heya latt yoth, yomm argega uiy lina cirstertly
ti edhana ti hos sanyoca & faen. 0 caes ritt ti nalalban
uiu bith, or lu pneuans ti Gid, es 0 hipa iuy di la.^ Fail
not to write with every opportunity that offers ; as I will
be sure to write as frequently as possible. You may ex-
pect a letter from me after my Settlement here; and
then I'le propose to you to keep a particular correspon-
dence with me, beside what you keep with our folks.
Sir John Swinton & my Lady are now in Ed^ M"
Francis is here & if she knew I were writeing this, she
would be sure to send her particular commendations.
All that family never fails to ask very kindly for you.
M"" Veatch gives his hearty service to you both. We have
never a wife still betwixt us. That the Almighty may
^ End of the cryptogram deciphered in the footnote on page 15.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 17
preserv & Bless you & Send us always comfortable ac-
counts from you is the earnest desire of Dear Alie
Your afifectionat Brother
Ja: Chrystie
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Golden
Doctor of Medicine
in Philadelphia, Pensylvania
America
To the care of M^ Richard Hill in
Chiswell Street. London.
[Indorsed:] reed. May 31
answered Jun 15 1717
From Mrs. Alexander Golden to her son and daughter-in-
law, Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
OxNAM feber 5*^ 1717
Dear Son
I know yo' father is to writ to y" at this time and i
must be scriblin to you for as ill as i am at it i desire to
bless god that we have this way of convaising to gether
when we cannot see one ane other in y^ face read
our Letters with as great plesure as we writ them and
then you will see Love in evry line my Dear read y""
father's Letters offen y* he may preach to y' heart when
he cannot reach y"" ear i am perswaded with god
blessing upon them thay may be yousfuU sarmons to y'^
and y" the more earnestly i press this upon you because
i am afread y" will not get many more from him this is
his great chmatireck and his father did in that year & in
that year died bailyea daveson at Moss town 10 days ago
and many others i hope death shall never sorprise him
but o what will become of me it is not pleasent to me
to seek advice from y" and my sister what i must do when
18 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
god shall bring this evil upon me which i have long
feared a holy god may prevent my fears by taking
me away first which i would grea[tly] desire if it were
not to be honoured to searve him as long as he shall
live i desire not to be borthensoum to you i would
rether be giving to you then be taking from you and yet
i cannot think of others charity knowing i soon will be
bid go to my rich frinds but this i desire above all that i
may be prepared to follow him to glory sonn after my
dear i desire to bless god for his kindness to y" and y"
and that he has given y" a living wife and a living
child i ho[pe] you are saying what shall i render to
the Lord for all his benifits t[torn] and that you have
ofered the first fruts of y'' body to the Lord [torn] you
will devote the child to that for which you war desind
y[our] self give my tender love to my Dear daughter
and Dear grand son, [I] wrot to my sister last harvist
and then wished her and y" much Joy of your son re-
member my love to my Dear Sister and tel her i desire
to bless god that shee in joys those marcys that god in
his holy providence is pleased to remove far from me
my Dear cary greatfully to her yo"" letters ever gives
some new account of her kindness to you and y" be
thankfuU to god for providing this frend for our relations
and men are what god pleases to make them to be to
us you tould us your ant was to have the naming of
y"" son and therfor i desire y" will give her thanks from me
for caling him after y'" father i heartyly pray that you
and y'" son my follow y^ foot steps of y"" father and out-
strip him in holyness and then [h]appy shall ye be in
time & thrugh eternity y"* father has not been so free
of malincholy this 20 years as he has been for a consider-
able time past but is troubled with fanting fits he is
most vegrous in his ministeril work and bless be god not
without suckses with many it may be sed of him that
when the outter man decrases. the inward man grose day
by day he is most frequent and fervent in prayer
for y" and y" you and i shall want a powrfull intere-
sesor on earth when he is taken to heaven o that you
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 19
and i may have a part in his intersesons that Lives for
ever which is and ever shall be the sinser prayer of her
who is
your most Loving Mother
Jane Colden
Dear daughter
I desire to make use of all oppertunityes of writing to
you all and i earnesly desire you may do the like tho i
fear i shall get littel sed at this time for i have been de-
varted this day with compeny that were very exceptable
to me y"" brethern M"" James and david wer with us last
night & dined with us this day I took a great del of
plesure in davids compeny because i never look on him
but he put me in mind of you he is truly a very prity
man i think him a credet to you all he is going to
tak andrew with him to noraway he is not yet marred
but fix in his choys to a very good mach your father
and mother are very well it is very let and our letters
are to go to morrow and therfore shall get lettel more
time then to wish you much joy of your son i am
pl[eased] y" nors him your self you would laugh to
hear y"" two [torn] others striving for him my dear
think you hear god saying tak this child and nors him
for me i hope y" prayed for him when he was in y""
womb and will not ces to pray for him now when he is
come into a world where if he makes any stay he will
meet with manyfould temtations be frequent at y®
throne of grace for him and do not provok a holy god to
take a rod in his hand to drive y" to y"" duty lest he make
y" read y"" sin in y"" punnishment my dear do y" re-
member what i sed to you the night before and y*
mor[n]ing we parted i have not for got my parting
request to you with tears mede such impression upon my
own heart y* it is not worn of yet but what impression did
it make on you have you preveld with your husband
to set up family worshop are you praying to
gether are you incurageing to the presbyterian min-
ister are y" consarnd to cary gratfully to my dear
20 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
sister that is so kind to y" and yours i know y" sed in-
trust wold oblige you to it but i would have Love and
gratitud oblege you to it are you consarned for all the
souls onder y"" roof as one y* beleves one day y" must give
an account of them to y* Lord read my husband let-
ters often y* are so full of good consel to y" and y*" hus-
band larn to read them y"" self and let my d sister hear
you read them i hope by gods blessing they may do
good to you all and think on what he says to y" all for 1
fear as i hav sed to my son y** will not have many more
from him and that will be your sad loss as well as
min pray for me that i may be prepared for the
plesure of the Lord we forget not y" remember my
love to my sister son and sweet grand son the good
Lord bless you all and make you his children is the sin-
sere prayer of y"" truly
Loving mother
Jane Golden
[Addressed : ] To M"" Cadwallader Golden at
Philadelphia in pensilvania
America
These
[Indorsed by Gadwallader Golden:] reed May 3 1717
From Alexander Colden to Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader
Golden and to Mrs. John Hill
OxNAM Feb^y W 1717
Dear sone & daughter
We had yours dated Aug. M'*" q'^'' brought us the com-
fortable account of both your healths and of our sister
and of the continuance of her extraordinary kindnes to
you both and especially of our daughters safe deliverie of
a sone for which we here have desired & endeavored w*
joyfull hearts to give praise to god w* our lips. I take it
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 21
as another evidence of your filial respect to me in giving
him my name & we heartyly pray he may be spared
we long to hear from you since y*" receipt of yours dated
October 9^^ especially because of y^ danger we appre-
hended our grandsone might be in from y^ small pox
which you write had been in your familie. if he be yet
alive as we hope he is we pray y* he may be a better
man a better servant to God & more usefull then ever I
have been we would been well satisfied you had
named him John out of respect to your aunt & her de-
ceased husband to whom we are all so much obliged —
but we apprehend its by her advice you did otherwise,
you now but I hope will more hereafter know the hearts
of parents, bewar of setting your hearts upon the
child take him as a gift from God & love God the
more for this gift be dayly laying up a stock of pray-
ers for him. committ him to Gods care dayly to his
watching over him in y^ silent watches of the night who
neither sleeps nor slumers. we desire to notice y*' hand
of kinde providence in your success in y^ cure of those
you wer eraployd about during the prevalency of y*
small pox in y^ place where you are & we hope so doe
you & y^ experience you may have of y^ return of prayers
for direction & success in your employment as a physi-
cian will much encourage you to goe on in dependence on
God for the future & will keep you humble & excite you
to give God all the Glorie.
When we read your last we wer hopefull y* y"" was
a line to your mother from you her daughter when you
told us y* she would tell her own storie to her moy"", but
we have not y* storie yet. however if she be well & keep
her health still as she did when you wrote y"" letter we
will excuse her, but a line from you daughter will be
verie acceptable to us. we bless God for her health since
she landed in America & for y^ coolnes of the summer
qci" might contribute much y"" to its a mercy y*^ worthy
of observation & rememberance. God hath been pleased
since your mariage to follow you w* loving kyndnes from
place to place we bless God also for our sisters kind-
22 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
nes to you both & the child the continuance & increase
of it see more & more the goodnes of God in it who
hath the affections & hearts of relations & others in his
hands & turns y"" whither he will, we doubt not of your
gratitude both to God & her shew it especially in be-
ing exemplary to her in your conversation in your earnest
prayers for her & avoiding what may be displeasing to
her above all studie to pleas God in all things & toe
be at peace w* him through the alone mediator & peace-
maker y'' Lord Jesus Christ & then y^ shall want nothing
y* God sees good for you & he will make your enemies
much more your relations to be at peace w* you.
All your acquaintances & relations here are in health
& doe frequently inquire concerning both your
healths you had many prayers put up for you when
you left us first & not a few when you left us last & also
thanksgivings for the Lords goodnes to you when they
hear of y® same, its no small mercie to have the help of
the prayers of godly persons, your brother James is now
at Edinburgh & hath had his health well this winter
he is very frugal & makes as (I am informed) good pro-
ficiencie in his studies — & is affectionately concerned for
you both pray much for him as I doubt not he does
for you.
I wrote to you in September last & sent it by M""
Elliot at London to M'' Richard Hill which he wrote to
me he had received & sent by a clergieman of your ac-
quaintance who was going straight for Philadelphia &
doubted not of your receipt of it if the gentleman got
safe thither. I have had my health better this winter
y° the last only sometyme some fainting fitts & oppres-
sion upon my spirits, your mother may fright you w*
her apprehensions of my death this year it being the 63*^
of my age its true this hath been a dying year to
many it may be so to me & it may be otherwise o y*
I wer numbering my dayes y* I may apply my heart
indeed to wisdome, I have been made to wonder y' God
hath been pleased to lengthen out my tyme to this day
especially when I considder how useless I have been &
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 23
how ill I have improven the pains God hath taken upon
me in his providences & the opportunities I have had of
serving him in y^ station he in his rich free grace hath
given me & continued me in & y^ more when I see &
hear of others who have been eminently usefull in y'
day taken away by death in the prime of y"" strength. I
have little hopes of seeing you befor I die or having y®
blessing of seeing my childrens child, yet I doe not de-
spair of obtaining it in gods due tyme, if he see it good
to grant it. o y* it may be all our happynes of seeing one
another eternally in heaven tho we shoud never see one
anothers face more on earth. I confess I have not been
so exemplarie to you as I should when you was w* me
either first or last which hath sometimes been matter of
humiliation befor the Lord but you have a heavenly
father who is perfect who can love you to heaven whose
directions & fatherly counsels you have in his word which
he can & I hope will incline you to follow who will never
die & is never absent from you whom ye visit & converse
w* & receive tokens of his fatherly love from at all tymes
if you prize y"" seek y"" & need them, believe in the name
of y® Lord Jesus receive him as he it offered to you
both in y^ gospel separat your selvs from y^ world &
cast away all your transgressions & he will receive you &
you will be his sone & you his daughter he will be a
god & a father to you & to yours to your dear young
child, then he will guide you through this wilderness by
his good spirit & holy Pvidence till you come to partake
of y® kingdome which in his good pleasure he gives to all
his children & will make all evidence you meet w* while
here to be usefull to make you meet for y* heavenly in-
heritance even the immediat & incorrupt & full enjoy-
ment of him selfe while we are in y"" world let us pray
much for another o y* our prayers may meet at the
throne of grace for another & may have acceptance
through the mediator by whom alone we have access to
the father, & let us hear as frequently from you as pos-
sible, ye have opportunities of writing to us y* we have
not to you. we doe acknowledge you have never been
24 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
wanting that way to us since you left us either first or
last I am perswaded you will be more concernd both
to let us hear from you & to hear from us y* my life is
dayly in y^ course of nature drawing to ane end. it will
be one means of comfort to me in a dying hour to hear y*
you both are cleaving to the Lord w* full purpose of
heart & have sincerly chosen God in Christ for your por-
tion & have dedicated yourselvs & child & all you have
& are to the service of God father sone & holy Ghost &
are walking as becomes these y* are devoted to his servis
& living together as he died of y^ life of grace, if it
should pleas the Lord to remove me shortly & your poor
mother & brother survive me I doubt not of your filial
concern for her & brotherly affection to him. the Lord
hath been pleased to be very gracious to you all to your
mother in particular & cared for wh[en] she had few to
notice her & I hope hath bestowed upon her spiritual
blessings q*"^ are y^ earnest of eternel & after will make
sure to her her bread & water to whose care cheifly I de-
sire to committ her & also to say to you as Christ to John
concerning the blessed Virgin behold thy mother
you may read y* in John cap. [blank] v. [blank] our
dear sister hath been a mother to you for whom I
desire sincerely to pray y* he may recompence to her
bosome seven fold in spiritualls of what she imparts to
you in temporalis & I doubt not of his being ready to be
a mother to her sister if she shall need her help y* way.
I hope if ye Lord shall be pleased to spare poor James in
life & health y* he shall be in a short tyme capable to be
some way publikly usefull I doubt not of both your
concerns for him & also of our sister's concern, it would
be a reviving to me in my old age if God should spare
me till I should see James qualifyd for & employed in y®
work of y® Ministrie as I once hoped & desired to have
seen you. I have still (but I know not upon what
ground) a strong imagination y* you shall be concerned
to serve y'' Lord in y^ work of y® gospell but not my will
but the Lords be done. May the Lord know you to be
instrumentall of his glorie & y® publick good in what
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 25
ever station he hath or shall set you in may he spare
your sone our grandchild incline him & qualify him for
preaching y^ everlasting Gospel, & may he doe y* by him
which we earnestly desired he might doe by you may
the Lord give you many children & bless you & them to-
gether & you dear daughter, may be as a fruitfull vine
by your husbands house & may you receive y® blessing
out of Zion & see your childrens children & peace in
Israel pray much y' our peace may be continued &
y* truth may flourish amongst us & y* the new troubles
we fear may be prevented & y* the protestant religion
may be preserved here & in all the churches & our protes-
tant soveraigne K George may w^ his Royal familie be
preserved in life & in the throne as a blessed means under
god of the securitie & propagation of protestant religion
to latest posteritie I bless the lord for your mutual
love y* continuance & increase of it it is one of the
greatest earthly comforts you can partake of en-
deavour to love another more & more in a spiritual man-
ner building up another in your most holy faith, think
it not strange to meet w* crosses sanctifyd crosses are
best evidences of your adoption, you may not know
what god designs by you at first but afterwards ye may
know studie humiUty y^ vanitie of y® world selfe
denial & resignation to y^ will of god. studie to live by
faith depending on God through Jesus Christ for all the
good spiritual temporal & eternal Christ hath purchased
& is promised in the everlasting Covenants look for
all in the way of faith and prayer.
Lean not to your own understandings, be sensible of
y^ depravation of your natures & of the blindnes of your
minds. As to spiritual & superna"' truths mysteries of y*
kingdome of heaven which could not be known by the
light of Na*"*" or from y® creation but only by revelation
beg. of God y* he who commanded light to shine out of
darknes may shine into your hearts to give you the
knowledge of the glorie of God in the face of Jesus
Christ meditate often upon the articles of the Chris-
tian faith contained in y^ creed & wherein we all agree
26 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
& let the beleiving meditation theron have a due influ-
ence upon your tempers and practice dear daughter
put good books into our sisters hands especially that
book entituled the trial of and interest in Christ by M"*
W"" Guthrie which my sone your husband caried w"^ him
when he went first from us & I hope he hath still w*
him it may be useful! to you both as well as to
her God hath blessed y* book to many especially un-
der conviction of sin & fears of deserved wrath, in some
editions y"" is ane epistle recommendatorie prefixd to it by
Dr Burnet Late bishop of Sarum of whom dear sone I
heard you speak very respectfully, I shall repeat nothing
here of what I previosly recommended to you both w* re-
spect to y® worship of God in your familie & your concern
for y^ salvation of your servants the negros I hope
you keep our letters by you as we doe carefully yours. I
was this evening at Ferniehest.^ My Lord Jedbrugh
did desire me to give you his service when I told him I
was to write to you this night I cease not to pray to
God night & day to bless you both & the dear young child
I never forget you in service private or publick I
hope God will for Christs sake & his own name sake hear
however unworthy I am in my selfe to be heard or ac-
cepted either for my selfe or others & while I live I re-
solve to be wrestling w* God for you all I mean not
only you both & the child but our sister, & I bless God
y* for sometime I have had libertie & freedome & as I
hope access to God in prayer for you as I had y* morning
you went from us. I hope if at my dying hour I shall
be capable to look to God for my selfe I shall put up my
last requests for you & leave you in the hands of y*" me-
diator in your behalfe May the Lord hear you for us
& us for you may the Lord showr down abundance
especially of spiritual blessings upon you both & the
child & make you blessings to our sister a blessing to
each other a blessing to the place where you are may
the God of blessing bless the child & make him a blessing
to you both y* you daughter may bless the Lord y* ever
iFerniherst Castle, Jedburgh.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 27
you bore him & you sone may bless y*" Lord y*' ever you
begot him may you live together many years & may
you grow in favour w'^ God & men may God keep you
out of y^ way of temtations may he preserve you both
from every evel wish into his everlasting Kingdome
so prayeth & shall through Gods grace pray Dear sone &
daughter
Your most tenderly affectionat father
Alex"": Golden
I think you must read mine to your aunt in the other
side being wrote in great hast she will not be able to
read it nor perhaps any bodie els but your selfe & after
you have read it keep it to your self I desire to be
kindly remembered to M' Starr
Your father & Mother are in health at Kelso M"*
James & David your brethreen wer w* us last night save
one M"" James is to be ordained minister at Symprin
sometyme in March next I designe if y'^ Lord will to
be w* him then. I hear also y*^ the presentation is designd
for him from Dumfermling q*^^' I hear to be befor the
Synod of Fyfe next April. You will take care of the
inclosed to James White from his father & doe all you
can for James Whites encouragment his father is for
his coming over to Brittain one Henry Scott bastard
sone to y*" late S'' John Scott of Ancrum who was maried
to the old ladie Swinsides sister desired me to write to
you to inquire for a sone of his named also Hary Scott
a Tyler from whom he hath not heard of late the last
account he had of him was y* he was at New York he
had been formerly in New England, it may be he may be
come to Philadelphia
To Madam Hill at Philadelphia in pensilvania
OxNAM Febr IS*'' 1717
Dear sister
I wrote to you by my sone & daughter when they left
us & then endeavoured to signify the gratefull sense of
28 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
your kindnes to your sister & our children which you had
ab-eady shown to them & was designd to shew furder.
I cannot ommitt now to give you thanks for your late
favours bestowed upon my sone & daughter & grandchild
which my sone & daughter make gratefull mention of to
us in ther letters since ther reaching Philadelphia I
heartyly pray that they may both of them be comfortable
& usefuU to you which I am persuaded they designe &
will endeavour to ther outmost. I would esteem it a
great mercie to have them near me & it hath been my
affliction y^ my sone is so far from me now in my old
age tho I bless God y* he hath raised you up & made
you capable & willing to doe more for him as to the good
things of this life then I can doe. I can hardly hope to
see you & them in Brittain tho it hath been long my
desire, whether this mercie may be granted me or not
I know not, I desire to make Gods will my will. My
wife your sister hath signifyd her apprehensions of my
death this year in hers to you & my sone. our tunes are
in the hands of the Lord he may come suddenly in ane
hour when he is not lookt for to call us hence O that
it wer our principal busenes & work to be endeavouring
to be ready for Christs comeing to be found in him in
peace you wer pleased to signify your concern for
your sister & 2 nephews in your when my sone came last
to us in case of her surviving me which I am perswaded
you will not fail to performe. the Lord hath been kinde
to her befor her mariage & we have had since our mariage
signal proofs of Gods care of us both as to temporal &
spiritual things which may greatly encourage her to
trust in the Lord for supply of all her wants & for direc-
tion in all cases Your Nephew James is at his studies
in Edinburgh & was verie sensible of your respect to him
when he heard of what you designd for him. Last sum-
mer he was under several fitts of indisposition which
made us affrayd of that dangerous disease y^ vertigo but
blessed be God he hath this winter had his health ex-
ceeding well whether the troubles he was afflicted
w^ last summer may return this we know not we de-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 29
sire to resigne him & what concerns us & ours to the dis-
posal of ane holy & wise God we are not at this tyme
w*out fears of new troubles here q^'of no doubt you will
hear befor this can reach you & therfor forbear the press-
ing of your transporting your selfe w* our sone daughter
& grandsone at this tyme. one thing y* moves me to
have you & your nephews & niece near me is y* if it were
the good pleasure of God he might make me instrumental
of spiritual good to all your souls and of bringing you
to the knowledge of the [trjuth as it is in Jesus I
acknowledge I can doe nothing of my selfe the meanest of
all that Jesu[s] Christ hath employd in the work of
calling sinners from darknes to his m[ar]velous light but
he hath promised his presence w* whom he sends about
this work into y^ end of y^ world & sometimes he hath
made use of the weakest instruments that the excellencie
of the power may be seen to be of God. My hearts desire
to God is y* ye may be all saved and found in Christ not
having your own righteousnes which is by the works of
the law but that which is through the faith of Christ
the righteousness which is of God by faith and that ye
may all know Christ and the power of his resurrec-
tion if your leisure allow I would be glade to hear
from you I cease not to pray for you all night & day
which I hope God for Christs sake & his own name sake
will accept & hear I am Dear sister
Your sincerely affectionat and greatly oblidged brother
Alex"": Golden
[Addressed : ] To M' Cadwallader Golden
at Philadelphia in pensilvania
America
[Endorsed by Golden:] reed May 31 1717
30 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From David Chrystie, father of Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
Kelso Feb: 16. 1717
The last we had from you was dated Ocf 9 which I
received Dec: 10 & on y^ 12*" I wrote to you: my Son
Davie wrote also at y*" same time from London ; & Jamie
wrote a week or 2 after that. I wish they have all come
to yo"" hand. We all are very glad of y^ good accounts we
have had of & from you, I wish we may hear no worse. I
told you that James was to be ordained Minister of Sim-
prin in this moneth of February but now I must tell you
we expect it will be about y^ middle of March. I told you
likewaies y* John went to Guinea about y*" middle of
August, if it please God to send him safe home, I under-
stand he hath a mind to marry Bettie Cheshire; but
Davie who saw both y® mother & y® daughter is not well
pleased w* y*^ match; he thinks they are poor, & y* she
is no very fitt match for him; & hath left a letter at
London w* Norman Hamilton to deliver to Johnie, if it
please God to send him safe home, giving him his best
advice about it. As for Davie, I doubt not but he hath
told you in his letter (if you have received it) y* he is to
go presently back to Norway, q"" he is to settle, & to be
married to a Merchants daughter in Scheen, whom he
looks upon to be a very vertuous & pleasant young Gentl-
woman; I believe he will have 1000 lb. Sterling w* her:
he & W™ Robison in Eymouth have fraughted a ship in
Newcastle, which is to come to Eymouth q"" they are to
load her w* Big & Rye, & Davie is to go over w* her, &
to send her back loaden w* Timber to W"" Robison. He
is also to take over Andrew with him. We have reason
to be thankfull y* all our children are like to be well pro-
vided for; but it is a piece of no small hardship y* they
are all at such a distance from us. Not one of them all
is to be near us, but James only.
We are alarm'd w*' an Invasion from Swedland ; some
weeks agoe the Government being informed by y^ E. of
Stairs y* y" Swedish Envoy at London (his name is Count
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 31
Gyllemberg ^ ) was plotting w* some Jacobites here,
thought fitt to secure him & seize his papers; & q" these
sent by y*" King & Council came in upon them they were
tearing & destroying their papers by all means they
could ; however several papers were gotten which declared
they were designing an insurrection here, & y* they were
to be assisted by forreign Troops, some say 10000, other
15 or 20000 from Swedland; severall Englishmen were
also taken up, as one M"" Caesar, S'" Jacob Banks &c:
which Banks for 60 severall Posts had sent 1000 lb. every
post (being in all 60000 lb.) over to Sweden. The Gov-
ernment are putting their Fleet in order to prevent them ;
& we would fain hope this design will be prevented.
The Prisoners that were at Ed"" were all brought in Sep""
last to Carlyle q"" they lay 2 or 3 moneths, & 3 or 4 weeks
agoe all our Teviotdale Gentlemen, as Abbotrule, Doctor
Scot, Thomas Cranstoun, Blackhill &c: were sett at lib-
erty. Doctor Trotter in Dunss dyed about a fortnight
agoe; & his Lady in all probability will shortly follow
him. So y"" is no Physician in that Countrey. I leave it
to you to apply.
As for us here, we are in ordinary health; my wife
is become very tender & is still troubled w* Rheumatick
pains, & (which I like worse) w* a shortness of breath.
Remember us all to Alie & Sandie; we all long to
hear about him, if he hath gott over y® small pox. I
hope I need not put you in mind to omitt no opportunity
of letting us hear from you. I am
Yo"" affectionate father
D Chrystie
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Golden
Doctor of Medicine
At Philadelphia in Pensilvania
America
To the care of M^ David Milne
Merchant in London
1 Karl, Count de Gyllenborg.
32 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
p* p^ Q^ Post paid Q^
22
[Postmarked:] Barwick x== PD
[Indorsed:] reed. May 31
A. June 15, 1717
wrote again Sept. 16
again April 26th
From David Chrystie, Junior, to his sister,
Mrs. Cadwallader Colden ^
Kelso Febry 16*'^ 1717
Lo: Sister
I observe in my fathers letter that he gives my
Brother accompt that I am to be maried and condescends
on my Mistress' portion which I have never inquired
after my self she being, as I wrott in my last, a handsom
pleasent, and virteous young lady which is by me more
esteemed than her portion. The reason of my Fathers
condescending upon it, is by hearing me say that her
Father is valued to be a man of 4000 Lb. stock and up-
wards and having only one son and two daughters
(whereof she is the Eldest) therefore by the laws of the
Nation the estate is divided into four equal parts, being
2/4 ths to the son (who is a child) and l/4th to each
daughter. The eldest (who is my present Mistress) be-
ing eighteen years old and the other 7 or eight years; I
think I told you of all this in my last from London, and
that her name is Karen Vinter, however I have reason to
think that it is Miscaried ; I have no thought of marying
in haste (although we are all aggreed on the matter)
before some of thir troublesom times are over ; This week
James and I was about the Country seeing friends, and
was Wednesday night at your Father in law's where we
1 Written on the same sheet as his father's letter to Cadwallader
Colden, dated February 16, 1717, above.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 33
found them all in good health, they likewise were writ-
ing to you. we went from thence to Murice where we
stayed two nights, and I left Jamie who is to preach
there toe morrow, on Munday or tuesday next I design
again to Ed"" where all friends were well and gave their
service to you. I take no rest to myself but makes now
all the Correspondents I can which was likewise my
business at London, not knowing q° I may be in this
country again; I am just now come home and a Utle
weary w* the badness of this days weather but the op-
portunity I had of writing to you revived me a litle
especially when our distance from one anoy"" is so great
and like to be greater, and the only pleasure we can now
have is by often exchanging of letters I need now
make no f urder apologie for my blotts : Wishing you, my
Brother and litle Nephew health and hapiness I am Yo :
L: B:
David Chrystie
Pray remember me to your Aunt.
My business at Melross (or as I called it Murice) was
to see M" Auchinleck and her two daughters who are
dwelling there
From Mrs. David Chrystie, to her daughter,
Mrs. Cadwallader Golden ^
[February 16, 1717]
dar Alsie
I have nothing to writ to you but my blising to your
hosband my dar litle grand cheild and over and over agen
to your self so I bid adou and rest your loving mother
Alison Hamiltone
^ Written on the same sheet as her husband's letter to Cadwallader
Golden, dated February 16, 1717, above.
34 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Andrew Chrystie to his sister,
Mrs. Cadwallader C olden ^
[February 16, 1717]
Lo: Sister
I remember you desired me, just as we were parting
(when my father wrote to you) that I should write a
line or two within his. So I lay hold upon this occasion
to signify my kind Love to you and your husband. My
brother Davie told you in his Letter he wrote from Lon-
don that he designed to take me w* him to Noraway so
now I am making myself ready to go with him, and the
only thing that stops us seems to be an embargoe Laid
upon all ships upon the account of the Swedish invasion.
He hath acted therein like a kind brother, and if ever it
ly in my power, or if I become capable to serve him for
it, I shall not be wanting ; My father was alleadging that
Davie would be the first of us all that would see you in
Philadelphia, but I hope, that after I become capable of
the Merch* trade that I shall be the first that shall see
you, for it is not propable that Davie since he is to be
married will leave his wife. This with my kind Love to
your husband and Sandie (not forgetting your kind aunt)
is all from Dear Sister
Your most affectionat and Lo: brother
And"^: Chrystie
I acquaint you that Norman Hamilton is married not
long ago upon a woman who kept [torn] in London
wh[torn] Davie saw [torn] admire her [torn]
1 Written on the same sheet as his father's letter to Cadwallader
Golden, dated February 16, 1717, above.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 35
From Mrs. Alexander C olden
OxNAM Oct: 11*" 1717
Dear Son
I recaved y" with y"" fathers and was refresh with the
good and comfortable account thay gave of you and
yours I rejoys in the hops of alii being by this time
the Joyful mother of another son o what doth this
call for both from you and me that in leess then two
yeares after y^ time that I thought god had brough you
from Ameraca to did with us you should thous multiply
and increas 0 bless the Lord with me and Let us
exstol him to gether if not with our bodyes which are
far seper[ate] one from another yet with our souls
Let us bless his name for his kindness to us and to ours
for ever and ever.
Your father continews in a pritty good habit of body
considering his age and his exersise for this summer he
has been much imployed at communions that leay at a
good distance from us and yet I can obsarve no ill con-
vennece following it as yet he has had much of the sen-
sable presence of god with him in his work and that gives
strenght to both the outward and the inward man his
fentings are not so frequent as thay weare he is still
under the aprehantions of this yeare being his Last
the good Lord prevent it and spere him to be more and
more yusfull in his day and generation what a strok
his death will be to his famely parishes and this corner
all serous parsons are sensable of and many prayers are
put up to god to prolong his days
My Dear y"" aunts not writing to me and what you
say not answering my desire was a trouble to me for
soame time I think providance has put me upon that
which was the wise mans counsel to his son to try his
frinds before he had need of them I am porswaded
my Dear Sister will not dare to Lesen any thing that was
desinded for me by what favours shee bestous on you
for that ware to make them no favours that I shuld
expect my sister to be consarned for me is but hily reson-
36 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
able there is no more of us in the world and if we be
not consarned on for another who will I am sure were
shee near me there ehuld be no comfort of this Life that
were in my powr to fornish her with shuld be wanting
to her and that we are not nearor togather I am informed
is oing to you I heartyly wish you do not read your
sin in y"" punishment had you stad with us when you were
here I am porswaded you would have need no soplies
from any relation you have and we mite have had the
satisfaction and blessing of seeing our childrens children
& sister too Dear Child I am afread there is soum
misstaces betwen you and your Aunt for I think you do
not speak of her now as if Shee wear in your house and
I thought you would have Lived together as Long as
you had been in that place you gave her a larg carec-
ter for a wis and good woman when you were here and
I hope you have no caus to c[h]ange your thoughs of
her I besheech you my Dear study her satisfaction as
much as you do your one I am sure you will have pace
in doing it and for my part I never did any thing with
a desine to Lesen her consarn for you and yours
remember my Love to my Dear sister and tel her I wish
her much Joy of your son John for all friends here ex-
pect if you have a second son he will be John give my
kind Love to poor elli and tel her I pety her with my
heart that shee is so for from her parance and those that
[shoujld be neerest to her in the time of her exstramety
but I hope the Lord has stod by her & has been a present
help in time of trouble remember me to my Dear
babs it is persing to me when I think I must never
see you nor your sons the good Lord bless you and
them and make you blessings to posterity altho I shal
never see it give my duty to my father in Law I
think shame I have not writ to him Long befor this
considering what my sister wrot to me of his intending to
lave some thing me at his death if he did not change his
condishion and you never make mention of him to Let
us know whether he be ded or a Live I think we all
shuld cari respectfully to him for my Dear mothers
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 37
seek o my Dear I fear I have trid your peasence with
my Long Scrol and yet I cant Leave off but whil my
grefe is taking vent in A flood of tears you know what
the bowels of a parant are to there children now how
would you Like to have your Sandy do to you as y" have
don to us could you part with him never to see him
more I beleve you wold not for all the wealth of the
indeas and if you could not part with him now how wold
you part with him if he were come your one [torn]th
and I am sure you are as dear to us as ever he will or
can be to you when I am exspresing my fears of
never seeing you more your Brother assure me you tould
him that you intend to return to britan agane o my
Dear will you be son the acomphshing any such desine
for it would be reviving to your poor old father and me
to see you and yours before we die and in the mene time
Let us hear oft from you I expect no opertunity of
writing to you for a Long time after this and when you
writ to me pray Leave out your emty titel you give me
for I hete to see madam where mother should be.
That the Lord may be with you and yours is the sin-
cere prayer of
Your Loving Mother
Jane Colden
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Colden
at Philadelphia in
pensilvania
America
From Rev. James Chrystie
SiMPRiN January 4**" 1718
D. B. C.
It is with the greatest satisfaction that we have had
the opportunity of hearing from you so frequently. We
38 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
had some letters from you that came to our hand in
Sepf, and others that came in Nov"" wherein we under-
stand that Ahe was by that time (we hope) dehver'd of
another child I know not particularly the date of y""" let-
ters, because they have them att Kelso; and my father
writes to you also at this time, w"" he'l give you a particu-
lar account of your letters we have received. We or-
dinarily write returns to all or most part of y*"" letters,
but I apprehend ours to you go not so safely as yours to
us. I'm oblidged to Alie & you for giving me the repeated
honour of being an Uncle; It has not yet come to my
turn to give her compensation by making her an Aunt,
nor can I tell how soon that is likely to happen. I have
been so toss'd with defending my Self ag^* a transporta-
tion to a greater benefice, that I can't have time to fix,
nor till that be defeated, can I well look upon my Self
as Settled. I shall entertain you with the history of my
call to Dumfermlin, for part of the subject of this letter,
because I Judge friends at a distance cannot entertain
one another more agreeably, than by a particular account
of their affairs. You know I suppose that a call to Dum-
fermline was ready at the same time for me that this to
Simprin was, but I chose to settle in the latter, w'' I did
in March last. However ever since July 1716 The Gentle-
men of Dumferm: have adhere'd to their Call to me.
That P"*" of Dumfermline were not disposed to favour
the Heretors Design in my Settlem* there, and I was, and
am still, as averse to it as possibly they could be; how-
ever they carry'd it by an Appeal from them to the Synod
of Fife, and from them to the last General Assembly in
May, I Being present there & a member of the Assembly,
thought it proper to exert my self to the Outmost in di-
verting my intended Settlem* there and particularly for
that end to Dispose The Gentlemen my good friends to
drop the Appeal; and Out of friendship to me, they were
pleased to yield to my solicitations so far as not to call
their Appeal. When I had gain'd my point so far, I was
hopefuU they would think upon Settling their vacancy
w^out giving me any further trouble. And to make that
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 39
sure, I took care to gett their wishes turn'd upon another.
But your Old acquaintance M' Ralph Erskin has the
wisdom it seems to oppose these Gentlemen in all their
measures, & w^as not willing to comply w^ their Design
in settleing that other, no more than that of settling me ;
and upon this the Gentlemen gave me a New Presenta-
tion, & call, subscribed by some more than 40 Heretors
The Plurality of the town-councill, several Elders, &
near 500 heads of families; and they laid this their new
presentation & call before the presbyterie of Dumferm-
lin in October last, and upon their delaying to proceed in
my settlem* they made an appeal from them to the Com-
mission of y*" General Assembly in Nov'". You must
know our good friend M'' Ralph, tho' he has pretended
to bear a passive part all along w* respect to me, yet has
been acting all he could underhand ag**^ it ; but now upon
this new call he has discovered himself more openly, &
has had the prudence to carry his Opposition as far as
the pulpit. However when the Gentlemen brought their
cause before the Commission in Nov"" They sustained
their presentation & call, & peremptorily appointed the
presbyterie of Dumferm: to Join w*^ the Heretors, & to
come before our pr'*" of Chirnside, & there to prosecute
my Transportation. I find our church are positively of
the mind that I should be sent thither, and if this trans-
portation is push't I have all the reason in the World to
fear, that they'l pass a sentence transporting me, not-
withstanding of all the remonstrances y^ I can be able to
make against it. So that I have no visible recourse left
me to prevent that evil & hardship I very much dread,
but my humble applications to those Gentlemen to whose
friendship I am already very much indebted. I have
therefor been using my outmost influence w* them, both
by speaking w* them & by letter, to add to all their former
favours, that of letting me alone, and indeed I am not
without hopes that their Generosity will lead them to be
so far moved w* what I have said & written to them, as to
lay aside this project of my Settlement with them, tho'
they have it now intirely in their power to carry it. I
40 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
confess I am brought under some difficulty of Resisting
the friendship of such a good number of Gentlemen of
so much merit ; But if ever my Settlem* there should take
place I am brought under very disagreeable circum-
stances. One of the greatest charges in Scotland, no less
than Six thousand people; and to have this devolved on
me in conjunction with a coUegue, of such an odd dispo-
sition, who has in the strangest manner that can be, dis-
covered an aversion to me; and contrary to the inclina-
tions of that whole presbyterie who are all non jurants &
the stanchest Brethren of the Church, & therefor oppose
every man from Settling among them that is not of their
kidney: To be transported (I say) to Dunferm: in these
circumstances, you may be sure affords me no agreeable
prospect, and y"" for I'm resolved to w^stand it to the out-
most. Yet still I know I'll be sent thither, if the Gentle-
men are not so kind to me as to drop it ; If a Sentence of
Transportation passes upon me. It's possible I may be
under a temptation rather to dimitt as go thither. And
who knows but I may make my next retreat to Phila-
delphia, & preach to some of that new Colony of Pres-
byterians, which you write has lately arrived there from
Ireland?
Your father & mother are very well, I heard from
them lately. I need not write to Alie, for she may look
on this letter as written to her also. Let her know her
friends in Ed"" were all well, when I was there in Nov^
Her cousen Janet Hutcheson has made a Run-away
marriage w* Sandie Thomson, brother to Doctor Thom-
son ; who was likewise married this last summer, but died
of a fever some time after. M" Mat: Wood & Katty are
still as they were, M""^ Thomson w* her little daughter
whom she bore after her husbands death, is living in the
house w* them all this Summer. There is no more
changes that I can mind of to tell her. Brother David &
Andrew are very well att Norway; David has not yet
consummate his marriage, but has it ready to finish when
it consists w* his conveniency ; His mistress she writes to
my father & mother as her parents, for she's reckoned
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 41
Davids espoused wife, according to the custom of that
country. In her V"" she gives her service to sister Alice,
who she understands is long way off (as it was in the
Norse language w''in she writes) Johnie returnd from
Guinea about Sepf last, & gave us the hopes of seeing
him att Kelso in a few weeks ; but meeting w* the tempta-
tion of another Guinea voyage w"" he had considerably
greater encouragem* than ever before, & a mate under
him; he is again sailed for Guinea, & (he writes) from
thence they are bound for Virginea ; It's possible you may
see him, w"" he comes upon y*"' continent & so near you,
York river (I think) is the place w*" they design to putt in
att in Virginia.
I am hearily glad to hear y* my nephew Sandie is such
a brave boy. That The Almighty may continue his good-
ness, & eminently bless you in your Spiritual & Temporal
concerns is the sincere prayer of
Your most affectionat Brother & Serv*^
Ja: Chrystie
Please give my most humble service to Mistres Hill
tho' unacquainted.
Pray fail not to write upon all occasions.
You may direct for me att Simprin to be left w*' M""
Thomas Richardson at the Kings head, Berwick.
[Addressed:] To Doctor Cadwallader Golden
Att his House in Philadelphia
Pensylvania, America
To the care of M' Richard Hill
in Chiswell-street
London
[Postmarked:] Barwick 20
JA
[Indorsed:] Rec^ May 28 1718
answer'd Oct"" 5 at New York
42 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From David Chrystie
Kelso Jan^ 15 1718.
The last we had from you was dated Sep: 16 which
we received No"" 12. I beUeve we have got all yo'" letters ;
but I fear you cannot say so of ours: the first I wrote
Dec: 12. 1716, but that was lost together w* Davies with-
in it. I wrote again Feb: 16. 1717 which you say you
received. I wrote also June 3 in answer to yo""^ dated
Feb: 6. Then we received 2 letters from Alie written
about y*" 20"' of June one to James & another to Davie
which came to our hand Sep : 2 & I sent a return Sep : 9.
If you have not received y" I shall be sorry. I had a
care to send Davies to Norway ; but have not yet got ac-
count whither he received it or not. M'"^ Fran : Swintoun
also received a letter from her to her great satisfaction, to
which she returned an answer in y^ end of Sep: or be-
ginning of Oct: w* one inclosed to her Aunt.
Yo"" wife is concerned to know about her brother
James; he was settled Min"" of Simprin y*" 19"' of March
last, & in Oct : he was chosen Clerk to y*' Synod : And yet
y"* business of Dumfermline is not over; for in No"" last
y'' Commission of y*" Gen: Ass: appointed him to be
transported, & he has no hopes to get it evited, except
y® Gentlemen have compassion upon him, & desist from
prosecuting y*" Transportation ; for he is altogether averse
from it, & sayes sometimes he will rather lay down his
Min"'' then accept of that charge: but I will say no more
of it, for I expect he will write to you himself, & give you
a more full account of his circumstances.
As for Johnie, he came safe to Bristoll Sep: 18 &
buoyed us up w* expectation of seeing him, for he prom-
ised to come to Scotland, & see us all; but behold in his
next letter he told us he had ingaged in another Guinea-
voyage, which was a great disappointment to his poor
mother & me: y'' great wages & his present debts which
he hath not yet got payed tempted him to it: he hath
3 lb. 15 sh: per moneth, a priviledge slave, his head
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 43
money (q^^ is a shilling for every Negro he brings alive
to y^ West Indies) & a mate under him, which he never
had before. In his former voyage he lost his dear Capt :
Zeaman (as he calls him) who dyed at sea, & on his death
bed gave him his watch; & q" he came to Bristoll his
sister gave him a mourning ring w* her brothers name &
age on it: & now he sayes (poor man) he hath got an-
other Capt: Zeaman, his name is Charles Porter, y*" name
of y*' ship is the Rumsey of Bristoll ; he is to saill to New
Kalaber Guinea, & from that to York river in Virginia,
which will be w' in 4 or 5 dayes journey from you: I
would fain hope (if it please y*^ Lord to bring him safe
thither) he will make a step & come & see you. They
went from Bristoll to Kingsail in Irland to take in their
provision ; the last letter I had from him was from King-
sail Dec: 5 at q'^'' time they were under saill for Guinea.
As for his design about Bettie Cheshire we know no more
of it, he hath not seen her this voyage, for he was not at
London ; but he recommends all his affairs to her.
As for Davie & Andrew, y'' last time we heard from
them was in y*" end of October, they were then very well ;
we cannot expect to hear from y"' again till winter be
over. Davie was not then married, but his Cassie (as he
[calls] her) & he are betrothed some time ago; at his
desire she wrote a letter to us, & called us her dear par-
ents, & him her dearest, she desired to be remembered to
Sister Alice, who she hears is long way off. Andrew
wrote us a very pretty account of her which I think I told
you in my former. Andrew sayes his brother acts y^
part not of a brother, but of a father to him.
Now I have given you an account of us all, except
myself & my wife, she hath become very tender; & had
a sore Rheumatick fever in November last; she is also
much troubled w* a shortness of breath ; poor Johnie sent
us some directions about her; he advised to make much
use of y*^ millepedae, y*" juice of them among penny royall
water, or hyssop water w* y*" syrup of Tussilago, which
she thinks she finds much good of, & she drinks frequently
of ground-Ivy Tea, which she thinks also does her good.
44 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
As to my self, I have had a long course of good health,
for which I cannot be thankfull as I ought; but in y®
middle of December I was troubled w* an indisposition,
which looked not so very well; I took a pain in y^ inner
part of my thighs which made it uneasy for me to walk,
then my hands & face, & legs & feet swelled, & my body
seemed to be in great disorder ; my appetite was not alto-
gether so good as formerly, yet I took my meat pretty
well, but it did not digest: my dinner would not be di-
gested sometimes at 4 or 5 o'clock. Doctor Gibson took
blood of me & gave me a vomit, & gave me Physick 4
severall times w* some mercury : And at present I seem to
be perfectly well, my swelling is altogether fallen, my
appetite is as formerly; only I have a little drouth. I
am still under a dyet drink, & will be for some weeks.
We are very glad to hear that you & Alie keep yo""
health so well, & that Sandie is such a thriving child. I
pray y^ Lord continue his goodness to you all. I hope
you have another child long before this, we long to hear
how it is w* you. I hope I need not entreat you to omitt
no opportunity of letting us hear from you. Ye have
great advantage of us, for ye have y^ ships at yo"" door,
& can have frequent occasion of writing to us, but q° we
write it may ly a considerable time at London before
occasion offer, & then be forgotten : you see Jamies letter
of Dec: 24 came in y® same ship w* mine of Feb: 16.
I observe yo' advice to direct my letters sometimes to
M' Da: Mill & sometimes to M"" Rich: Hill, & alwaies
pay y® postage here. I wish that may not be y® occasion
of their miscarrying. Yo"" wife flatters us w* hopes of see-
ing her. You may be sure nothing would be more accept-
able; but I am afraid we may wish it rather than expect
it. You may tell her Doctor Thomson dyed some
moneths ago, & her Cousin Jennie Hutcheson is privatly
married upon his brother Alex"" w^out y^ knowledge of her
father, or any of her friends. The Doctor left his wife
w* child; if she have a son he will be heir to his father,
but if a girle, then his brother will be his heir. You may
likewaies tell her y* her Comrade Jean Pringle is also pri-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 45
vatly married to W" Chatto (alias Datie Will) at Ed"" not
only w*out her fathers knowledge, but also far against his
inclination, for he discharged her to marry him upon
pain of his highest displeasure. Remember us kindly to
Alie & Sandie, not forgetting yo"" kind Aunt. Give our
service to M'^ Henderson, & M''^ Thomson desires to be
remembred to her, she is her Cousin German. She is a
stout old woman to make such a voyage at y^ age of
seventy; my wife sayes why may not she make a voyage
to see her daughter &c: being much younger than she.
But this is jest. Doctor Gibson & his wife, & M" Auchin-
leck & her daughters remember you both. Now the
Lord be with you all. I am
Yo"" loving father
D Chrystie
[Addressed:] To
M^ Cadwallader Golden
Doctor of Medicine
At Philadelphia in Pensylvania
America
To the care of M"" David Mill
Merchant in London.
[Postmarked:] Barwick 20
JA
[Indorsed:] Rec*' May 28 1718
answered from New York
about July 15.
From Mrs. Alexander C olden
OxNAM Nov^ 17**^ 1718
Dear Son
the comforable account we have had from you of you
and yours is very refreshing to your aged parance and
that you are all alive when poor ely was so neer Death is
46 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
that for which with our souls we give thanks to god for
I hope it is in marcy to us as well as to you that shee is
yet spered for what a greafe would it have been to us if
god had taken her from you when you and your poor
young babs are so four from us I hop you are sen-
sable of your marcy in having her Life presarved when
in such emen* danger and that you have beg her agane
from god and I am sure if shee be given you as y^ answer
of prayer, you will Love the giver and the gieft the bet-
ter it is very remarcable that about the time of
allys eilness your father in his secrt prayers was inlarged
in prayer more for her then for you which he obsaring
mead him to fear that you were ded and about that
time I remember very well when i was making my min-
ings in prayer for you and your i was carred out to beg of
god to pour out a spirit of prayer on you and that he
would be pleased to put a nesecity upon you to pray, but
Littel did i think of a dying wifes being y* nesecity
my Dear you and god only knows whether i have been
heard or not i am sure if a holy good and gracious
god has heard me you and your shall reape the bennifit
of it in time and through eternity for in Christs nam I
have put up my unworthy petetions to god for you and
your and for his Sake i only expect hearing and acsept-
ance who is our advocte with the father remember
my Love to alii and tel her that if it were not too Leat
i would have writ to her but it is nere one in the morn-
ing and this must go away before day
I desire to remember my love to my sister and tell her
y*^ I desire to hear more frequently from her becaus you
are not with her
my dear love to the children that same reason y* hin-
ders me from writing to Alie hinders me from writing to
her becaus I want tyme expect a line from Alie &
you also when you write next I am Dear sone ^
Yours most affectionat Mother
Jane Colden
^ The concluding paragraph, the complimentarj^ close, the address,
and the postscript are in the handwriting of Alexander Colden.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 47
I desire to know if my father in law be alive. I won-
der I had not a line from him give our Duty to him.
[Addressed:] To M^ Cadwallader Colden
Doctor of Medicine
at New York
America
[Indorsed:] R April 30
A May 13
again Aug 29
From Richard Hill
London: Feb'' y^ S'*" 1719
Dear Cousen
S' yesterday I Reed y® InClossed & shall always use my
endeavour to Send them as soon as possible, I can: I
Reed y" dated y^ 22*^ of Nov : I Return you many thanks
for your Kindness: I have had very bad sucess in y^ lot-
tery; and wee Read such storyes in our papers of y^
pirates: makes me afraid to venture by sea: but however
I Intend by y^ first oppertunity to send you some small
affairs hope[ing] to have better sucess by sea:. I have
been [torn]-ie for y*" King Could not doe it be fou-
[torn] y'' Governor I doe not here yet who [he w]ill be,
but Connell Molesworth was [torn] it, but would not Ex-
cept, of it: [torn] He take Care to lett you, pray S""
[torn] mine with my sons humble duty to [torn] with all
our due Respects your [torn]-fe & son pray S'" Except
y^ same [torn] affectionate
Kin- [torn] [h]umble ser"
Richd: Hill
[Addressed : ] To D' Cadwallader Colden
In New York
America
Present
48 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From David Chrystie to his daughter,
Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
Kelso Mar: 9. 1719
Dear Aly:
The last I had from you was dated at New York
Jul: 14 which I received Sep: 19: And yo"' Brother had
one from yo'" husband dated (I think) Oct: 6 wherin he
gives him the bad newes of poor httle Davies death,
which you may be sure was an affliction to us all. I
wish y^ Lord may sanctify it to you. But I have other
melancholy newes yet to tell you, yo"" brother John dyed
in Virginia upon y*" 9*^ of June last. The last letter I had
from him was from Kingsale in Ireland dated Dec: 5.
1717 q^'in he wrote he hoped to see us w*in 8 or 9 moneths :
so q"" 10 or 11 moneths were past, I began to have
my own fears (as you see I had reason) but knew not
what to do, or how to get notice of him : at last I remem-
bered he had ordered me to direct my letters for him to
one M"* Lovering Apothecary in Bristol; so I presumed to
write to him making [an] Apologie for putting him to
y^ charge of a letter being altogether a stran[ger to]
him, & he very discreetly sent me a return which I re-
ceived in y^ beginni[ng of] December q'"in he told me y*
the Ship called y® Rumsay arrived at Bristo[l] that John
Chrystie dyed on y^ 9*'' of June, the same day they came
to V[irginia] (so it seems he had been sick all y^ time
they sailled from Guinea) & y* the [cap] tain Charles
Porter dyed since, & y^ most pairt of the Ships Crew. [He
wrote] me also y*^ he had left his Will to a Sweetheart of
his at London, & [that he] had delivered all his Effects
to her. So yo*" Brother wrote a discreet let[ter to Miss]
Cheshire giving her account y* his brother had given him
his Bond fo[r] [torn] sterling &c: she answered him y*
she confessed he had left his Will to her, bu[t deni]ed she
had received any of his Effects. I went to Char: Orm-
stoun who ver[torn] wrote a letter to a friend of his in
Bristol, desiring him to get an exact a[ccount] from the
Purser what his Effects were ; & that friend wrote to him
CADWALLADER COLDEX PAPERS 49
y* y^ purser [wrote] him they were as followes: A negro
produced 30 lb; His wages 20 lb. 3 sh.; A Silver Case
Watch valued at 4 lb. A parcel of Teeth 20 lb. 2 sh. 6;
A parcel of Instruments 4 lb. So yo'' Brother wrote
again to her, & sh[e] still denyed she had received any
thing, which is a meer sham, for her Trus[tee] hath re-
ceived them, which is all one. It was an unhappy thing
y* yo'" br [other] James took his brothers Bond only for
15 lb, which he did out of kindness but if it had pleased
God to spare him he might have forgiven him [if] he
thought fitt; but y"" is no help for it now; it will be con-
siderably o[torn] w^ay. The Bond its true was for 30
lb but then according to y'' Eng[lish law] if 15 lb be paid
there can no more be asked, which I doubt not but yo[ur
hus]band knowes. I have right also to the Watch; for
he desired me i[n one] of his letters, if he should be
called out of this wicked world (so he worded it) [torn]
for his Watch from Bettie Cheshire, & keep it in remem-
brance of him. [torn] Brother still writes smoothly to
her; but I do not expect we will get any t[hing] from
her, but what Law will obhge her to give. You may be-
lieve y*" loss of yo[ur bro]ther is a sad affliction to us all,
but especially to yo'" poor mother; who I am a[fraid]
shall not long survive him : her shortness of breath daily
increases: & she is [fre]quently seized w* fainting fitts,
which may prove dangerous: for myself, I keep my
health very well, I bless y^ Lord.
I had a letter in December from yo' brethren at Nor-
way they were very well; & Davie was to be married
upon y® 18 of that moneth, as I hope he was, for I have
not heard from him since : I would fain hope he will have
a good Trade this year, since y*" King of Sweden ^ is
dead.
As for publick newes. the Prints bore y^ last week that
the Pretender was coming through the Millaneze w* 3
post Cheses & was taken by some of the Emperours
Troups, & Marr, Perth, & Nidsdale,- & some others w*
1 Charles XII.
2 The fifth Earl of Nithsdale.
50 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
him, & sent to y^ Castle of Millan : what may be y^ conse-
quents of this newes time will discover.
For private newes : M"" John PoUok late Min'" of Glen-
cairn is Minister of Roxburgh, as I believe you heard
already; M'" Geo: Logan is Min"" of Sprowstoun, &
M"" Jo : Glen was ordained Min" of Stitchell on Thursday
last. Yo"" Brother Ja: is still at Simprin, they are talk-
ing of having him to Lawder, but both we & he hopes
that shall never be.
Char: Waldie hath married Agnes Pringle: Andrew
Ker of Crooketshaw hath married Ag. Adamson: Char:
Potts hath married Mary Jamison [torn] hath draughted
her 2 Elder sisters. Jean Broun Andrew Brouns
[torn] est daughter is married to a Gager. Mary Affleck
is married to M"" Ja: Daes. [I] believe you heard of M'
Thomas Woods death; M"" Ja: Craig late Mi[nist]er of
Yester is now Min" of Durabar
[Your] Father & mother in law & James were with us
just now, they stay[ed in] Stitchill since Thursday: yo*"
mother in law bids me tell you that she [had rece]ived
her sisters letter, but she had written both to you & her
a little be [fore i]t came to her hand, & y'"fore desires to
breath a little before she write [again] to save you
charges. Now I pray the Lord may still bless & pre-
serve [torn] send us frequently comfortable accounts
of you: & I beseech you o[mit] not any opportunity of
letting us hear from you. Let us be kindly [reme]mbred
to yo'' husband, & little Sandie, whom I pray y*" Lord
may [torn] spare to you. Yo"" mother would hardly be-
lieve you was well [although] yo"" husband wrote so to
yo"" Brother, becaus you had not written a [lin]e, nor so
much as yo"" name. The blessing of y'' Lord be with you
all [I a]m
Yo"" loving father
D Chrystie
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 51
From David Chrystie
Heriots HospiTALL ^ Aug : 17 1720
D. S'
Yo" dated June 16 I received the 11*" instant but my
Son James received a letter from his sister dated June 15
which came to his hand July 30, which he sent to me, &
desired me to communicat to yo"" father, which I did: &
in y® mean time q" I was writing to yo'" father yo" came
to my hand: the reason why yo""^ was so long of coming
to me was that you directed it to Kelso. It seems my let-
ter had not then come to yo"" hand. I received yo" dated
Feb: 11 upon y^ lO*** of May, & the next day I wrote to
you, giving you a full account of my present circum-
stances. I hope I need not doubt but you have got it
long ere now, & will not again direct any letter to Kelso,
but immediatly to the Governour of Heriots Hospitall
at Ed^ It was no small satisfaction to me q° I under-
stood by yo" of y*" 11'" of Feb: y* Alie was brought so
safely to bed - & recovered so well & was a brave Nurse,
& now yo" of y^ 16*" of June confirms it, & that she con-
tinues so, & growes fat. I think no man living has more
reason to be thankful! to a kind providence than I have
both upon my own account, & my childrens. Andrew
(as I told you in mine of May 11) was good company
to me all y'' winter, & on y*" 11*" of March he sailled to
Gottenburgh as Supercargo for Sam: Stantoun in Ber-
wick, he returned June 2, & upon y*" 14 or 15 sailled for
him again to Norway, he came to his Brother David just
a day after his wife was brought to bed of a second Son
called Hans he stayed there till she was Kirked, &
came to Berwick on July 26, & then he came & stayed
6 dayes w* me. But I doubt not but you will have a
fuller account of all this from James or Andrew himself.
James his wife is very near y*" lying down, & I have
promised to come & see her q° she is brought to bed. I
1 In Edinburgh.
2 Elizabeth Golden was born February 5, 1719/20.
52 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
hope I have 4 grand children but have never seen one
of them, & am afraid never will: it is a pitty but I should
see one grandchild being so near me, if health permitt.
Alie writes to her Brother to tell Andrew not to be too
hasty in marrying, if he expects she should be at his mar-
riage, as he was at hers, & sayes probably ere 7 years go
about she may see him ; but I fear this is a complement,
& y* I may wish it rather than expect it; I should be
heartily glad I were disappointed.
As for my self, I cam to this place on y® 15^^ of Aprile
(as I told you in my last) & have keeped my health per-
fectly well (I bless y^ Lord for it) & could not have
wished for or desired a more pleasant, easie, & honour-
able retirement in my old age than I have. I am glad
to hear of yo' happiness & preferments, but (as I wrote
to yo"" father) I fear y^ greater encouragement you meet
w* in that place, y" less ground we have of hope to see
you here. What great satisfaction is it to me to hear
of y® love y* is between you. Alie writes again & again
y* she hath y^ best of husbands, & you are pleased to
term her y® best of wives, long be it so, & I am very hope-
full it will continue, & daily increase. Pray remember
me kindly to Ahe, not forgetting Sandie & Bettie, I pray
y^ Lord bless & preserve them to you. I am
Yo"" loving father
D Chrystie
There is a Gentlewoman in this Town who was mar-
ried to one M"" Red who hath a Brother one Doctor
Johnstown who (as she is informed) is Mayor of New
York, she wrote a letter to him in y^ end of January
last, & acquainted him y* she was brought into some
trouble by Cautionry & was obliged to pay 40 or 50 lb
Sterling She hears he is a great man & very rich; no
doubt you will be acquaint w* him : I intreat in her name
you will go to him, & ask him if he received her letter,
she is his only sister, & longs to hear from him. I hope
you will not neglect this & send me an answer w' y® very
first occasion.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 53
One Thomas Douglas a wine-couper in Leith whose
wife is EHzabeth Chrystie desires you will enquire con-
cerning one M"" John French, who (he sayes) lives in
New York: he would know if he be alive & what
[cirjcumstances he is in. I hope you will ask about hiin
& give account to me
[Addressed:] To M^ Cadwallader Golden
Doctor of Medicine in New York
America
To the care of M^ Richard Hill
in Chise-wel Street
London
[Postmarked:] 24
[Indorsed : ]
AU
pd 6
PD
Rec'' Dec' 4 1720
Answerd Dec"" 8 wrot to Mrs. Wood
June 26 1722
again July 29 1722 M' Golden
From Rev. James Chrystie and his wife, Sarah (Laurie)
Chrystie, to Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader C olden
SiMPRiN September Q**" 1720
Dear Brother & Sister
I received both your letters the one dated March S**"
and the other dated June 15. My Sisters long letter
gave me an unexpressible satisfaction and pleasure. I
sent it to my Father; & about the time he was reading
it, he received a Letter from you. he wrote an answer
to it in a few days. I delayed to write a Return to yours
till I should be able to say something about making you
an Uncle & Aunt, & to serve you this way in the same
54 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
manner ye have once & again served me. I have now
the pleasure to tell you, that this day three weeks, being
the 19*^ of August, My Sarah brought me forth a brisk
lively boy, whom I have named David. I had the satis-
faction of having both his Grandfathers at his Baptism,
The one performing the part of the Minister, & the other
a Wittness. I Sent for my Father from Ed'' a few days
after the birth of my little boy, and he went from me
only on Wednesday last. He is now returned again to
his agreeable Retirement & Solitude which he enjoys
yonder in a Palace & in the midst of a Populous City.
It is not possible for you to frame a Notion of a Man
Possessed of greater worldly Happiness then he. He has
all the Desireable degrees of Honour and Respect, that
can be imagined ; He has all the Necessary's & Comforts
of Life abundantly provided [for] him; He has Attend-
ants & Servants at his Command; Warm & handsom &
convenient appartments; And all this without the least
allay or mixture of any fatigue or trouble, or any thing
attending it but what is agreeable. Insomuch that when
some people consider that all his Children are so com-
fortably & creditably provided for so that he has no more
to care for this way, and that he himself has gott so very
desireable a retreat after a life of toil & Labour they are
at a difficulty to find out where is his Cross, & can pitch
on Nothing, if it be not this, that tho' he is happy in his
Children and in their Provision, yet this may be some
allay to his Pleasures that his Children are all at a Dis-
tance from him, & he has the Satisfaction of Seeing but
few of them, <fe all of them but Seldom.
Andrew is like to have abundance of good Bussiness
by way of Merchant & Supercargo, he is Just now gone
a third trip to Norway this Summer; he Sailed the day
immediatly after my wife was delivered, & had the news
to take over to brother David, who has now two Sons
David & Hans. Andrew wrote you a particular account
of these things & of his own affairs in a letter two or 3
days before he sailed ; I hope he is with Davie now this
fortnight, & that we shall see him here again in a few
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 55
weeks more; and then he has some prospect of a voyage
to France; or else I expect to have the satisfaction of his
company at my house all winter.
I heartily wish you Joy of your Daughter Bettie and
am glad to hear that Sandie is such a brave boy. My
wife's recovery advances very well, & she is like to prove
a most excellent Nurse; The child hitherto thrives
extraordinarly. You want to know if I have recovered
any thing that my Brother Johnie was owing me. I gott
payment of the bond for fifeteen Lb. which you two sub-
scribed wittness to; It was employed by my Father in
paying M'' Hary Vetch what he had borrowed from him,
for defraying my expences at London upon Johnie's ac-
count, but I was oblidged to borrow it again from M*"
Hary, for the charges at my Marriage: For as yet my
yearly Revenues can do no more than Serve my urgent
exigencies: however I Stand in need of nothing, I have
a handsom well furnish't house, & live every way [one
word faded] my self. And if you want to know any
thing about my own person, I have a perfect good State
of health I have been growing very fatt these years
past, & particularly since my marriage. I am now (I
think) about double the bulk & weight of what you have
seen [me] I thrive as well upon my little benefice as
those who have twice as much. I cannot give you a bet-
ter notion of my body at present, than by telling you
that I am much about the size & bulk of M'" Matthew
Wood, tho' his benefice is more than four times the size
& bulk of mine.
I am very glad you may be sure to hear of your new
offices & preferments; I wish you much satisfaction in
them, & their sure continuance. I should be content to
know more particuarly the nature of that Post of Sur-
veyour General. I hear only of Acres passing through
your office but I know not well the meaning o' it ; I wish
to know likewise if that office of Surveyor be as precari-
ous as that of the Weighmaster.
Be sure not to fail the embraceing of all Opportuni-
ties of Writeing to us, & be as full and particular in your
56 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
letters as you can; the more they contain they are the
more acceptable ! Yours comes to my hand both Surely
and Speedily by the Berwick Post. I had your last of
the 15 of June on the last of July. Be assured of my
endeared affection. I leave Sarah to write a few lines for
her self. I am
Your Loving Brother & humble Serv*
Jas Chrystie
Dear Sister
We received yours dated June 15*'' it is a very great
satisfaction that in six weeks we can hear from you I
did not design your kind Letter should have had so
short a return as what I find my present circumstances
oblidge me to being this day three weeks deliverd of a boy
and although I be att present pretty [one word torn off]
yet I find my self but weak, and not able [to] go such a
lenth in writing as I would incline. Lett this therfor only
serve to assure my Brothe[r] and you of my most sin-
cere respect and that I do with the greatest pleasure
subscribe my se[lf] dear sister
You must affectionate sister and humble servan[t]
Sarah Chrystie
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Golden
Doctor of Medicine
At his house in New York
America
To the care of M^ Richard Hill
in Chiswell street London
Post paid
[Postmarked:] Barwick ^=
[Indorsed by Cadwallader Colden:] Re-d June 5 1721
ans : — 26
[Indorsed by Mrs. Colden:] Dec^ 2, 1722 Mr. Colden
and my self to Bro J. C
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 57
From Alexander Golden and his son, James Golden to
Mr. and Mrs. Gadwallader Golden
[OxNAM, October 3, 1721]
Dear sone & daughter
We had yours & our daughters dated June 27"" in y^
2^ week of August, it was most refreshing to us to hear
from you & to see your letters not only on the account
of the matter of them but especially because I had been
for sometime befor under no small uneasynes becaus we
had not heard from you since the beginning of february
last. I was never so long w*out a letter from you except
that time when you was at Antegoa
We do bless the Lord for his goodnes & mercie he doth
still follow with particularly y* you both and our litle
grandchildren do keep your health & y* your mutual
affection to and satisfaction in another not only con-
tinoues but encreases (this is to be esteemd one of the
greatest earthly blessings) and also that you are so much
in favour w^ your new governour.^ the Lord who is the
hearer of prayers hath & doth work wonders for you. I
hope y* you do w*' admiration notice his gracious hand in
all, and are therby excited to thankfulness to him & to
endeavour to express the same by your care to serve him
w* the good things he is graciously pleased to bestow
upon you & are more affrayd to displeas him then all the
world & more desirous of his favour his smiles access
to him & communion w* him then the favour & respect
of men. his love is unchangable, he will never leave nor
forsake them y* fear him, when father & mother forsake
he will take up, while his people are with him he is
with them, but if they forsake him he will forsake them
so far as to change his way w* them in his providence
hide his face from them for a tyme & make them often
read ther sin in ther punishment that they may know how
bitter and evil a thing it is for his own to depart from
him, tho he will never take away his everlasting loving
kyndnes from them We all should endeavour sin-
1 William Burnet.
58 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
cerely and constantly depend on him through Jesus
Christ the mediator for direction in the way of duty
for grace to incUne our hearts to [it] when known & to
persevere in it notw^standing of difficulties and dangers
y* may attend it in the way of duty is not only peace
but safety for when god is with us who can be against us.
he can make us break through troops of difficulties &
discouragments & leap over walls of opposition, unex-
pressibly sweet are the experiences that the godly have
in following him in the way of selfe denying duties and
in a holy trust and reliance upon him therin. these ex-
periences of his mercie power wisdome & faithfulness
make his yock easie & his burden light & rejoice in tribu-
lation, fear nothing but sin nothing can do us hurt
but sin cleave to the Lord Jesus for pardon of sin
& acceptance of your 1^ sons and light to heaven and all
good through his obedience and satisfaction and constant
intercession, give up your selves to the conduct of his
sanctifying spirit according to his word, let the Scrip-
tures be your studie that therby you may get the saving
and transforming knowledge of Christ & in him of the
father whom to know [is] everlasting Life knowledge
of all other things w*out this will never make you hap-
pie esteem it your greatest honour to serve God & to
be usefull for advancing his glorie & the good of others in
the stations God hath [b]een pleased to set you in. im-
prove the one talent well it will be way for God to
double it & to put you a greater capacitie to be more use-
ful, to him that hath shall be given but to him y' hath
not (y* is y*^ improve not) shall be taken from him what
he hath. Y"" is no station wherin we are placed but y''
are opportunities put in our hands of adorning the gospel
which we profess diligence faithfullnes impa[r]tiality
in any station commends religion in them y^ profess it
to all they have to do with, when a mans wayes pleas
the Lord his verie enemies shall be at peace with them,
ther will be more expected of you both becaus of your
education in Scotland & your relation to us then from
others & any wrong steps in you will be more noticed
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 59
then in others endeavour to be examplarie to others
in your tempers and conversations in your endeavours
y' your house may fear the Lord & y* not only your chil-
dren may be excited by your example & prayers to re-
member ther creator as soon as they may be capable but
y* your servants may know the Lord the pains you
take in them tho w^out success will be accept [able] &
you will be free of the blood of ther souls your
ex [am] pies in ever serving God in your families & in
sanctifying the sabbath & religious care of y^ souls of
your babes & servants may excite others to follow your
example, & thus ye may be usefull in the place where
you are, & the place the better of you. I am sure this
will not lessen your esteem & respect in the place but
raise it. herod feared John the baptist becaus he saw
him a just man. it will breed ane awe in the hearts even
of ill persons & make them affrayd of doing you ane
injurie lest God should plead your cause against them,
be much & frequent serious & earnest in secret prayer
wherin the ese of religion lyes & y^ you may be fructifyd
w* matter both for prayer & praise be much & dayly in
examining your feats and wayes through every day and
observing the results of prayer in the dispensations of
providence towards you, in truly to reste for grace & in-
crease of it & mortification of corruption in your selves
but for us rest not in your prayer but feele God through
Christ in them access to him sensible manefestation
of himself to your souls which will refresh and fortefy
your souls & make all your temporal enjoyment sweet
and comfortable therby being assured they come to you
as blessings of the everlasting Covenant & as a part of
Christs purchase, especialy pray y'^ the word of God may
be hid in your hearts y* you offend not him. it was by
the word of Gods y' David was kept from the paths
wherein destroyers go watch against securitie & self-
confidence trusting to your own strenth either of parts
or resolutions lest God be provoked y"" by to leave you
as he did Peter pray y* you may not be led into
temptation, keep out of y" way of temptations, watch
60 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
your hearts w* all diligence bewar of a spiritually
slouthfull frame, be exercised unto Godlynes & live a
life of truth & dependence in Christ for constant & re-
nued supplies of grace w*out whom ye can do nothing y*
will be pleasing to him or savingly profitable to your
selves or others & w*' whose strength you will be enabled
to do all things sufer all things you may be called to
I doubt not but you know all & more than I wi'ite &
y* you have not only the bible & other books & instruc-
tions in the way of Duty towards God & Man yet I think
it my duty to put you in remembrance of these things
being your father who desires and prayes for above all
things y* you may be saved. I look upon my selfe as
your dying father & everie letter I write to you as that
y* may be my last, the dying words of a father use to
have ane abiding influence on dutifull children which I
acknowledge you to be & do bless God y* you do not
altogether forget us but let us hear from you. I desire
(which I hope you will not forget to grant) y* you may
hereafter ommitt no opportunitie of writing to us (tho
my letters to you should miscarry or be long in coming
to you) you know not how long I may be in the world
to write to you I doubt not of your concern for your
mother & brother if it should pleas the Lord to remove
me. I bless God have been freer this summer from my
faintish fits then for some time befor, albeit I have
been frequently abroad at communions. I have had no
assistant this last year, only in the spring your brother
did assist by the allowance of the presbytrie in catechis-
ing w* which the people wer well satisfied & if I live and
he, I am in expectation of his assisting me in preaching
for y*" are some thoughts of his entering upon trialls
albeit it be not full four years since he left the colledge
I hope the brethren in the Synod will dispense w* the act
of the Assembly requiring six years befor one be licensed
to preach becaus of my age and infirmities. M"" Gus-
thart^ is transported to Edin. My L. Cranstone the
1 William Gusthart.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 61
verie day after his transportation came to my house &
affectionatly and seriously offered me a call to be minis-
ter at Crailing but my age and the stumblings y* are
occ[as]sioned by transportation especially to parishes
where the stipend is in any wayes greater then in the
parish from whence obliged me to refuse it Mr. Bell ^
of Cavers hath a call to it now & is to be presented to
the presbytrie to morrow, after I had refused it my
self both M"" M'Kay and I did recommend M"" James
Christie to my L. & L Cranstone but w*out success, when
he spoke to me & after I gave him a positive answear,
My L. Cranstone had several others recommended to
him by persons of qualitie & related to himself, he was
resolved to wave them all, if I would have had chosen
to have complyd w^ his desires, we hear y*^ your good
freind Brigadeer hunter - hath bought the Lordship of
Melross from my Lord Haddingtoun if he come to
this countrie to see his new purchase (which I am in-
formed is w* 12000 merks scot yearly rent & is a regality)
your mother brother [and] I do resolve to wait upon him
to give him our hearty thanks for his continued kindnes
& respect we are glade y* our sister is in good health
& expect she may be w* you now. we find by the
prin[ts] y'^ a ship of Philadelphia is in England but we
have had no line from her. perhaps it may be becaus
she is w* you when y* ship came off we never forget
you nor her nor our pleasant grand children in our
prayers to God. we doubt not of your rememberance of
us & desire that evidence of your affection may be con-
tinued. I need more then ordinary your prayers now in
my old age y* while I live I may be usefull & y* my minis-
trie may be blest w* success & may be guided in the way
of truth and uprightnes in the day wherin y"" are like
to be divisions amongst us in point of doctrines M""
Christie your father in law was here & M"" James his sone
w* him about 2 weeks ago & David & his wife are ex-
pected from Noraway in this countrie shortly whom we
1 Robert Bell.
2 Robert Hunter, Governor of New York, 1710-19.
62 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
are verie fond to see. If M'' Gabriel Noble M"" Noble ^
Mill"" at Eckford his sone come to your countrie carry
discreetly to him but trust him litle. he is hard to be
believed in any thing he speaks I [wi]sh heartyly he
may be a new man. I thought fit to give you this cau-
tion y* you be not deceived by him your mother is
in health but was sometime ago affrayd of a cancer in
her nose but blessed by God it is removed she is not
w^out fear of its returning, my spirits fail more then
formerly and am less fitt for studie yet I bless God my
memorie continues w* me in preaching tho I am apt to
forget most other things. I am now & then oppresst w*
difficultie in breathing & obstructions but not so fre-
quently as formerly but I am not w'^out apprehensions
of a sudden call to depart out of this world o y* fair
waiting all the dayes of my appointed time till my
change come. I am loath to break off having no other
way of communicating my minde to you. again I desire
you may not be so long after this in writing to us
your mother gives her sincere and hearty love to you
both and to the pleasant babes & I & your brother w'
her to our sister when you see her or write her. the
blessing of the God of Jacob be over you both and your
children w* all blessings especially spiritual and heavenly
blessings & make you both more & more a blessing to
onanother & to your babes, may the Lord bless y™ w*
the spirit of regeneration early may he spare them
to be servants to himselfe & comfort to you may he
multiply your seed & may ye live to see your childrens
children if God see it good the father sone & holy ghost
be your God and the God of our dear grandchildren &
you his children & servants & then blessed shall you be
all things shall be yours the world life & death things
present & things to come shall be yours w* Christ
you shall have all things. Dear sone & daughter
Your most tenderly affectionat father
Alex"": Golden
1 Rev. James Noble.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 63
Mr. Gabriel Noble is maried. his wife is at White-
haven, he hath been a great affliction to his father &
mother, you will not discover from whom you have this
information.
We all wrote by M"" Steavsone who lives in New York
& wer delivered by M"" Christie out of his hands to him
we wonder you had not received the same befor the date
of your to us.
OxNAM Oc^*' 3*^ 1721
Dear Brother
I have yours of the 27*'' of June on the same paper
with my fathers You mistake my excuse for not writ-
ing so often as I would for I cannot thing I made my
privat studies the only reason for I assure you I never
was nor could be so throug with any studdy but if an
occasion offered I would willingly leave off to writ to you
and if I remember right the excuse I gave was my not
being at home when my father writ, but as I promised
to mend that fault so I resolve to be as good as my word.
We are but two brethren and removed at so great a dis-
tance as there is no way to know how on another are but
by letter it would therfor be strangely unnatural to let
any opertunity slip of testifying our affection to one
another I entreat you therefor never neglect to writ
with evry ship either to our father or me as your dis-
tance from us cannot but be afflicting so the account my
sister give to my mother of the continuance of your satis-
faction in on another is a great mitigation of that afflic-
tion. She says her experience has outgon all that happy-
ness she fancyed to her self in a married life
So may you both continue to fraim to your selves
still more hopes of satisfaction in one another and may
your experience far o[u]tgo your most extended fancy
I all [wa]ys had a good opinion of her so I am allways
confirmed in that opinion
You tell me you think me happy in resolving to fol-
low our fathers example I assure you I think so too
and would think my salf much more so if God would be
64 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
pleased to enable me to put that resolution in practice
and continue so doing as I esteam it my greatest honnour
to be his son so I am sure the only esteam I shal obtain
in the world will be in being like him
You desire me to tell you how your friends here
are Thomas Bell [is] stil with the M"" of Cranstoun
and John Cleland is our next neghbour M""^ Steil has
bought the Cleugh Side and built a new house on it
The 1 Jedburgh and Cranstoun and their Ladies allways
enquire for you as does all the Ministers in this country
an some wer coming over this week to see you and my
sister here I am sorrie they wer dissapointed
please remember me dutifully to my Aunt and affec-
tionatly to my Sister and your dear children I am
Dear Brother
Your Loving Brother
James Colden
My mother desires to be excused it being now near
two aclock in the morning
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Colden
Doctor of Medicine
in New-York
America
To the care of M"- Richard Hill in
Chiswell-Street London
[Indorsed:] Rec*^ Apr^ 2^* 1722
From Alexander Colden and his son, James Colden, to
Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
Symprin Julie 10*"^ 1722
Dear sone & daughter
On Wednesday last I had yours of the 25*'' of May
Last, it came to hand when I was at the presbytrie. I
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 65
desire to bless God for the mercie for I was beginning
to be uneasie beeaus I had no letter from you in May
or June last. We was all of us longing to hear from
you & so was Mr David & Mr James Christie. I came
to this countrie to assist Mr Hart ^ at the celebration
of y** Lords supper at Bunkle and yesterday had ane
opportunitie of meeting w* Mr James & came w*^ him to
this place yesternight Y^ sight of your letter was
verie pleasing to him & he had occasion of informing his
father of it by letter w* Mr Henrie Vetch his servant who
was to go early this morning to Edinburgh. We desire
to bless God y* you both and the children are spared
and y* he continues you all in health, you write nothing
of your affairs or how you are w* the Governour which
you used not to ommitt in your former, it is not w*out
satisfaction y* I hear your countrie is in peace, & like to
grow rich & populous, o y* you may grow in favour w*
God & man if it be his will, we are glad y* you have
ours and y* we have ane oppertunitie of writing to you
by the ship y* brought this. I have had some fitts of
illnes since my last to you in y*" first of y" I was ap-
prehensive it might been unto death your mother is
become valetudenary and lately had a verie surprizing
coUck which frighted us all but blessed be God it was in
a few hours remove [d] tho it was some dayes befor she
recovered her former health. She was verie uneasie
when I left her on fryday last q^*" makes me haste home.
James is with me and preacht at Bunkle last Lordsday he
was licensed w* the unanimous approbation of our pres-
bytrie, and is verie acceptable to the parish of Oxnam.
he is not verie healthy & is troubled w* a scurvie, & some-
times a pain in his breast. I desire to bless God y* he
is spared so long & especially y^ he is so hopefull, & may
be a comfort & support to me in my old age. how the
Lord may dispose of him I know not, but desire to leave
him to his wise holy and good providence, we wer glade
to find y* our sister was w* you at the writing of yours
and especially y* she is in health & to have a line from
1 Rev. Walter Hart.
66 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
her. we look upon it as no small mercie y* we hear from
you now when we are so far parted from one another.
I saw M"" Ninian Home yesterday at Wedderburn. he
hath possession of y* estate and is repairing that house,
& in all probability it will be his. he gives his service
to you both & I find him of his own accord ready to lay
himself out for your brothers setlement as providence
shall put ane opportunitie in his hands. Mr M'^Kays wife
died in the beginning of May last he is valetude-
nary M"" John Vetch the minister at Whitsome died
about Whitsunday last. M"" Logan ^ is transported from
Sprouston to Dunbar & M"" Baxter - hath got a presenta-
tion to Sprouston. I designe if the Lord will to write at
more lenth to you by the next ship y* you informe was
to come off from New York some weeks after the date
of yours. We cease not to pray for you all night & day
& expect y'' same of you w* respect to us. the Lord hath
been verie gracious to you and us o y* a gratefuU
sense of it may be ever kept up in our souls, and y* we
may beleive the gospel more & more firmely and may
live a Hfe of fiducial dependence on him through Christ
for all that he requires of us & we need and may Uve a
life of resignation to his holy will in his providence in
the way of dutie & may fear nothing but sin & may exer-
cise ourselves to keep a conscience void of offence towards
God & man & may prefer his favour & love to all earthly
enjoyments, we can never enjoy w*^ comfort & satisfac-
tion the good things of this world y* he is pleased to
confer upon us w*out the enjoyment of himselfe. his
favour is better y"" life, & sweetens both prosperity and
adversitie. o doubt not of the Lords continuing that
blessing of mutuall affection & satisfaction you have had
in onanother since your mariage for which you should
be ever thankfuU as one of the greatest earthly blessings,
we heard y* the small pox was raging in New England
y* made us fear its reaching your countrie & made us
concerned for our dear grandchildren I being now
^ George Logan.
2 William Baxter.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 67
in haste to be home am obliged to break off tho I incline
to proceed seing we have no other way of conversing w*
you but by letters, in your next I desire you may be
more particular as to your own concerns May the
Lord bless you both and the dear children w^ all the
blessings of the New Covenant May you be held w*
the graces & gifts of the holy spirit. May you have
alwise access to God in prayers May you have dayly
the light of Gods countenance to shine upon you. May
his spirit dwell in you sowing the seede of faith in your
regeneration carrying on y*" work of sanctification &
holynes in your souls May he direct you in all your
wayes keeping you out of the way of temptations en-
abling you to honor him in the stations he hath placed
you in so as you may experience the gain of godlynes
the way of the Lord is strength to the upright. I give
my kinde love to my sister and desire to bless God for
her continued love to you both & your children. I desire
to remember her in my prayers to God I am sure
your mother never forgets her I know not but your
mother will write to you both next week if she be in
health. Ommit no occasion of writing to us You
know not how refreshing it is to hear from you & you do
more know the hearts of a father & mother then formerly
you did. Grace be with you all I am Dear sone &
daughter
You most tenderly affectionat father
Alex"" Golden
Mr Christie being to goe to berwick to morrow made
me take the opportunitie of writing this y* it may be
given in to the post office there You know not how
your brother James & I are concerned to hear from you
& how much you are all upon our hearts
Your mother was greatly pleased to have a line from
her sister she hath you all on her heart I am
afreyd she will not live long her love to you & the
children & her sister is verie tender.
68 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
D: B:
we received your last of the 25th of May last which
came very acceptably to our hand for we wer then be-
ginning to be uneasie and seeing the same ship that
brought your[s] goes so soon back I thought I could not
but writ a line or two tho I be not at home Your
Brother in law David was with us last winter She
is really a very pleasant creature and M"" James Christie
and his wife wer with us at the same time so y* we
wanted nothing but your and my Sister and the children
to have compleated our Joy M""^ Christie hath an-
other son a brave fellow I am glad to hear my Aunt
is with you I wish you could prevail with her to stay
with you I am glad to hear y* Sandie reads it
could but be a great pleasure to us all to see seeing we
have but litle or no expectation of seeing your self I
design to writ to you shortly so y* I shant add any more
at this time please give my Duty to my Aunt and my
love to my Sister I shal writ to her next opertunity
I amD: B:
Your loving brother
James Golden
[Addressed by Alexander Colden:] M"" Cadwallader Col-
den Doctor of Medi-
cine at New- York in
America
to be left at the Sun-
Coffee house behind
the royal exchange to
the care of Captain
Smith commander of
the Beaver
London
p* p*^ to London 4**
[Postmarked:] PD J^
JY
[Indorsed : ] R— Oct' 20 1722
CADWALLADER COLDEN PAPERS 69
From David Chrystie
Her: Hos: July 24 1722
Yesterday to my great satisfaction I received yo"
dated June 1 q"" in you give me y** agreeable newes of
Alies being brought safely to bed of a Son, whom I pray
y® Lord to bless & preserve; & I take it very kindly in
Alie y* she was at y*" pains to write a line to me w' her
own hand 6 dayes after she was brought to bed. The
last I had from you was written by Alie Aug : 3 together
w' yo" of July 30 both which I received Sep"" 25 which
I answered Oct: 7 except one from Alie dated Oct: 10 w*
one inclosed (which had been neglected) dated Aug: 29.
I delayed writing till I understood you had got mine of
Oct: 7 especially since yo"" father & my Son James had
written to you, & given you an account of my circum-
stances: for it is all one to me whether you write to yo''
father or James Chrystie or to me, if I hear you are well,
& they (as I desire y") give you account of me. I
thought Alie had either given over child-bearing or had
miscarried, becaus you gave us no account of her being
w* child, but now I heartily rejoice to hear of a young
Cad: Colden: I think Alie hath made a very good
choice in y® name. You give me no account whether
she resolves to be a nurse, but since you write she seems
to recover so well, I hope I need not doubt it. It was
indeed no small satisfaction to me to have Davie & his
Cassie a fortnight w' me, but it is melancholy to think
y* I have so little hopes of seeing you, which would be y^
greatest earthly happiness I could enjoy. I wrote to Alie
(which I believe she never received) y* I had her picture
& she hath mine, but it was heavy to think y*^ it is all y*
sight y* either I could expect to have of her or she of
me: how glad should I be to be disappointed! Every
body y' knowes me sayes I am very happy in my chil-
dren, q'^'' I heartily say Amen to. I have 3 of you mar-
ried, & each happier than another, you have been
70 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
pleased several times to write y* you had got y^ best of
wives, & she again hath frequently said y* it was impos-
sible for any woman to be more happy in a husband,
which (you may be sure) is my very great comfort.
Jamie hath likewaies got a most agreeable wife; & for
Cassie, she is a most pleasant creature, & w* all very
smart & witty, & of a most desireable temper. I will
make you smile at a jest of hers, during y*" time they
were at Ed'' they stayed w* M"" Wood, for he Would
not suffer them to lodge any where else; so M'" Wood
loved to be merry w^ her, & observing she was w* child
(as we all saw) he said to her one day q° y"" was none
present but his wife, now (sayes he) whether is that a
Norway child or an English child, it is neither (answered
she) it is a sea-child: they came from Norway about y^
middle of Oct"" q"" by I conclude, she is brought to bed
by this time. So I would fain hope I have eight grand-
children, but it is hard y* I have never seen one of y""
yet : I have a great inclination to go to y^ Countrey to see
James w* his second David, but our Schoolmaster ^ took
an Ague, & was advised to go to his own Countrey air
to see if it would carry it off, & he hath been away at
Rattray 12 miles from Pearth (q"" his father - is Minister)
since y"" 11*^ of June last, & y' is no appearance of his
return yet, & I cannot stirr from this till he come. An-
drew hath been w* me this fortnight, he wrote to you y^
last week, q''^* I hope you will receive w* this. All friends
here are in health, except Dean of gild Hutcheson who
took a palsie upon y*" 10*'' of June last, q"" by he lost the
power of his right side, but still hath y^ use of his tongue
& his judgement, whether it will go off or not we know
not. As for my self, I continue in perfect health, I bless
the Lord for it: I keeped my health alwaies very well,
but never better than since I came to this place. Re-
member me kindly to Alie, & y** three Children, whom I
1 George Boes (Bowis). See Scott, Fasti Ecclesice Scoticance (re-
vised ed.), V, 144.
2 Robert Boes (Bowis), Idem, IV, 171.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 71
pray y^ Lord may be pleased to preserve both for yo""
comfort & mine. I am S""
Yo"" most affectionate father
D Chrystie
I am glad to hear y* yo'' Countrey is like to increase
in riches by discovery of these new Mines it is a pity
y* in yo"" 4000 Acres of land y' is none yet discovered, but
you know not q* may be, it is good to hope y*" best. It
is indeed a singular expression of kind affection in yo""
Aunt to come & wait upon y""" wife at such an occa-
sion I for my part heartily thank her for it. pray
give my humble service to her. I shall not faill to ac-
quaint yo"" father of yo"" letter w*^ y'' very first occasion.
[Addressed] : To M^ Cadwallader Golden
Doctor of Medicine in New York
To be left in the Sun Coffee-house be-
hind the Royall Exchange
To the care of Captain Smith
Commander of the Beaver
London
pd 6
[Postmarked:] PD
[Indorsed:] Rece"^ Oct^ V 1722
Answered 5
again De"" 10
From Rev. James Golden
OxNAM Feb^^ lo^*" 1723
Dear Brother
I have yours of the 26*^ of Nov' last which you begin
with complaining of me for my way of writing I acc-
knowledge you have too good reason for q* you there say
72 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
and I am so far from taking it ill that you reprove me
for such neglect in my duty that I take it as a certain
Sign of your real affection toward me for you could be
nothing disadvantaged by my want of respect if that had
bean the reason of my neglect which I can with the great-
est sincearity assure you was not for I dare say whatever
have bean my carrage either when we wer to gether or
since we wer parted yet my affection to you is as reall as
and sincear as can be I dont pretent to be able to
make any toUerable appologi for q* you complain of and
therefor shal offer non but hope that by my carefully
endeavouring to avoid falling into that neglect for the
future I may obtain pardon for whats [pa]st as to what
you writ of my being like to please my father I can assure
you that there is nothing I will do with mo [re] chear-
fullness than serve and help my father the greatest
honnour I pretend to is that I am his Son and if I know
my self the thing I most desire is that I may enherit his
virtues and the greatest glory that I desire to arive at
(if I know my self) is that I may be some way usefull
to the souls of men as to the comparison you are
pleased to make betwixt the way of living I have chosen
and those of others that may be followed I hope you will
believe me when I assure you that the very hight of my
ambition does not promp me to seek any higher Station
than a minister if ever it please god to put that honnour
upon me Sure the end of our being is that while we
continue here amongst men we may be usefull and surely
those services that are done the souls of men are the
greatest that can be and far more preferable than any
thing that may be don to our outward state if it
might please my god to make me an instrument in his
hand of the bringing home to him self one sinner I would
think all my labour wel bestowed thou I spent my whole
life in the effecting it and if my heart deceive me not
exceedingly if god would be pleased to bless my poor en-
deavours this way I would look upon the riches honnours
profits and pleasures of the world as sounding hurtfuU
names and empty vanitys which its the greatest folly
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 73
imaginable to place any satisfaction in the enjoyment of
them seeing they generally prove hurtfull and uneasie
to their possess [ors. W]hat you say of the alowances of
the ministers in Scotland I think it is [torn] sufficient
for them to live on and keep them free from uneasie
cares abou[t] mentainance and from employing their
time wrong for obtaining it I know of no use money
is for but to provide the nessessarys of life and whoever
enjoys so much as is nessessary for that end hath enough
nor do I think it nessessary for our well being or eaven
our satisfaction that it be in our power to indulge our
Selves in sumptouus living for altho we may be very
usefuU in our day by useing to good ends that part of our
means which is more than our nessessary expenses calls
for yet when we consider how often riches prove a snare
to such as enjoy them and that the anxious desire of
having them encreases with the possession of them I can-
not but think that man to whom God hath bean pleased
to give so much of the things of this world as are just
sufficient for the supplying his nessessitys and withal
hath givn him contentment I think him the happyest
man and his condition far far preferable to that of hav-
ing much You say that the only thing that your Cir-
cumstances are preferable to mine in is that if god Spare
you with your children you may leave them something
certain to live on Dear Brother I am far from envying
you that advantage and heartily pray you may live to
enjoy much comfort in seeing your children answire to
the full all your expectations and that god may fulfill all
your desires with respect to them it cannot but yeald
us a great deal of satisfaction that Sandy seams to
promise so well the greatest temporal blessing par-
ents [c]an enjoy is to see their childrens tempers plyable
and fit to receive good instruction I make no question
but you'l use your utmost to impress your children (as
their cappacities will admit) with a due sense of their
duty to god for if they prove obedient servants to god
they cannot fail of their duty to their parents and if
they shal forget their obligations to god its impossible
74 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
they can prove comforts to you Its with a great deal
of pleasure that we read in all your letter the accounts
of that satisfaction you take in your wife and you may
be asured that it yealds us no small comfort under the
mellancholy thoughts of our being seperated to such a
distance that you are blessed with such a wife who we
hope in good part makes up the want of your other rela-
tions May god himself increase your satisfaction in
onanother till you prove the best husband ever a wife
enjoyd and she come up to the description of the virtouus
woman given in the proverbs and may you and we all
be enabled to say of her many daughters have done ver-
tuously but she excelleth them all I am her debtor
but cannot help it at this time but I shal writ to her the
first opertunity that I have You are pleased to wish
me as happy in the choice of a wife as your self you
no doubt believe 111 Joyn with you in that wish nor can
I desire my self happyer than I really believe you to be
tho at this time I endeavour to dispossess my heart from
such throughts but cannot vaunt of my success if my
Aunt be under any uneasieness I make no question of
your doing all thats needfuU to make her easie: my
father and mother keep their health as well as can be well
expected in their circumstances my father is some
times unease with the failings of his spirits that you
know he was troubled with befor you left us tho we have
reason to bless god that he is free from his Mellen-
choly Your Old Commerad M"" Thomas Bell Passed
Trials this Sumer and is now licenced to preach tho I can
hardly say he is a preacher for he was so far overcome
with mellencholy that he was neer twice as long on his
trials as he would other ways have bean and we have not
all bean able to obtain one sermon from him since he was
licensed tho its now more than two months and he'l
scarse be in our house once in a quarter of a year tho he
now is living at his father and my father and me see him
frequently. M"" Ninian Home as Barron of Wedderburn
has givn in to the presbetrie of Chirnsid a presentation to
the Church of [Whitsome] for me its within a mile
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 75
of Swinton and about two miles from Sympr[in]
there is but about 200 examinable people in it and non
of them a mile from the church the stipend is 50 lb
with an excellent Glieb the people of the paroch have
generally concured But S'" James Dalrymple of Hails S""
Davids son pretends to be patron and therefor opposes
it. tho as yet there hath non in the paroch no not his
own tennents apeared for the man he presented M""
Christie hath very active with the presbitrie but what
may be the issue I cannot tell the people of Oxname
seam inclinable that I should stay with my father and
be joyned his colegue to succead him which I would
much rather incline to if my tenderness did not make me
affrayed that I should not be able to undergo the fatigue
of so large A paroch as Oxname which would occasion my
riding to the highlands sometimes in the worst of weather
but if I could have any good ground to hope that my
constitution would mend No consideration should take
me from my father but I have as yet very small hopes of
that I had a letter lately from your father in law at
which time he was very well And my father had one
from Symprine they wer all in good health then
M""® Christie hath one of the finest Children that ever I
saw he is a litle sturdie fellow and begins to observe
evry thing he takes a great deal of pleasure in hearing
his father play on the flute and knows it when he sees it
and will cal to his father (after his own way) to take
it his mother was not very easie some time agoe but
is well now Andrew is at Symprine and we are ex-
pecting him here if he go not back soon to Norro-
way My father and mother desire me to [remem]ber
their love to my Aunt you my sister and the dear children
as does Dear Brother
Your very affectionate Brother
James Colden
P: S: James Whites father and mother are contin-
ually asking us for accounts of him they have now no
76 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
child alive but his brother at London his sister being now-
dead they say it would ease their minds to know
whither he be dead or living pray Enquire after him
and either cause him writ him self or do ye writ what
account you can in your next that I may satisfy the poor
man who is now very old and ready to die and they are
exceading earnest desirous that he would come home
that they may see him bef or they die
[Addressed:] To M' Cadwallader Golden
Docter of Medicin
at New York
To be left at the Sun Coffee house be-
hind the Royal Exchange London to be
forwarded with the first ship either to
New York or Boston
pd6
[Postmarked:] PD J_
MR
[Indorsed:] R-d Ap^' 29 1723
A-d June 26
again Nov"" 25
From Rev. Alexander Colden
OxNAM March ll*"^ 1723
Dear sone & daughter
I have yours of y^ 17*'' of december last. I desire to
be thankful to God y* your letters come to our hands &
y* they are not [misc]arried, for I cannot express how
refreshing it is to us to see your letters and to hear from
you of the kinde providence of God [torn] -wards. I
am glade you receive any of mine. I think it strange
how mine miscarry & not M'" David Christies for now I
send [mi]ne to him to be by him put into the post office
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 77
at Edinburgh lest they should be kept back at Jedburgh
or Kelso the postage [to] London being paid, your
brother received yours, and hath made a return to it
about a fourthnight befor this. I was then taken up w*
studie for the [illegible] y^ I could not spare time to
write expecting y* it would be as a fitt a season to doe it
now as then, you did well to acquaint us in yours that
its probable you would not have ane opportunitie of writ-
ing again till the end of May for my uneasynes is great
when its long between your letters, my health is as good
as can be expected in my age & [torn] that distemper y*
you know hath so long been upon me the faintish fitts
w* the failing of my spirits and difl&cultie of breathing
not only seize me frequently but continue longer then
formerly, q"" by I am made unfit for studie. yet I have
reason to be thankfuU to God for the health I have & y*
he hath been graciously pleased to lenghen my life so
long, while in the mean tyme he is pleased to take off
others who wer far more capable to do him service & y*
not much after the midtime of ther dayes such as M""
Thomsone late min"" at Bowden, M'' Glen M"" Robert
Cuninghame late min"" at Hawick & now M"" John Simp-
son in all probability near his last having been afflicted
for above two years w* a tormenting [illegible], pray
much for me y* while I am in the world & have oppor-
tunities of serving God in y* station he hath [torn]-sed
of his infinit mercy to continue me long in I may be
helped to be faithful! & usefull that when I come to
finish my course [torn] I may do it w* joy and y* my
last dayes may not [b]e my worst dayes. I have great
reason to be thankfull amongst other mercies God hath
been pleased out of his most free grace to grant me y* he
hath raised up your [b]rother to assist me in my work
and that he is so acceptable to the people in this place,
for which I expect you both will give God thanks and
pray much for him y* he may be kept in the way of truth
and holynes & may be filld w* the gifts and graces of the
holy spirit & y* he may be more usefull in his day then I
have been in mine & may be spared to God service, for
78 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
he hath but a bodie that is subject to many infirmities &
cannot endure the fatigues & bad weather y* were easie
to me formerly tho now its w* difficultie & no small un-
easyness y* I can ride at any distance so much as to visit
sick persons [of] the parish. M"" John Vetch who was
minister at Whitsome in the Merse died about a year
ago M"" Home your cousin being now possest of the
estate & rights of the Late Wedderburn & by virtue y"" of
[pjatron of that parish of Whitsome gave in to the pres-
bytrie of Chirnside a presentation to your brother to be
minister ther at the same tyme S*" James Dalrymple
gave another presentation to one M"" Robert Waugh pre-
tending also a right to the patronage since the giving
in of these presentations to that presbytrie both M""
Waugh and your brother have [torn] to y'' parish of
Whitsome by the appointment of y'^ presbytrie and the
resideing heretors of y* parish [&] the far greatest part
of the [illegible] families & some of y^ non residing
heretors gave in a petition to that presbytrie [in] favour
of your brother for his being called min"" ther tho non
from the parish appeard for M"" Waugh at the [pre]sby-
trie except one from S"" James Dalrymple & the Wedder-
burns possession of the patronage was clearly in [torn]
as well as M"" Homes right to y^ estate of Wedderburn &
y*' S"" James had laid no document of his right [bef]or
the presbytrie tho his brother by his letter had promisd
to do it yet the presbytrie by the moderators [illegible]
[de]layed to go in to the setlement of your brother but
referrd the affair for decision to our synod which is to
[mee]t at Kelso the 3*^ Tuesday of Aprile next M""
James Christie who gave me this account & is verie ac-
tive [for yo]ur brother tells me in his letter to me that
tho the far greatest part of the presbytrie are persuaded
y* in y"* event [torn] will be setled y"" & are well satisfyd
it should be so yet some of them are shy of sustaining
M"" [torn] patronage this affair hath been difficulties
to me for I was loath y* your brother should [be] pre-
sented [torn] was debated, & the people of that parish
particularly the Marques of Lothian being desirous y*
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 79
[he] might be setled as my colleague during my life &
to succeed me after my death, q'"'' I was most incl[ined]
to if [t]his affair of Whitsome had not gone [to the]
length I have told you, & it being a parish q'''' is small
consisting of [two] hundred examinable persons & not a
familie above a mile from y^ church no gentlemen re-
s[id]ing in it [ex]cept John Home, of Newtoun of Whit-
some who is most forward for your brother & the number
& [illegible] of this [torn] you [torn] & his bodie is
weakly. I desire to leave it to the Lord y* he may dis-
pose of him for his service as & where he [torn] but
notice y*" hand of providence in y* affair so far as its gone
q* ever be the event of it y* made me not [torn]-ing of
my inclinations to have him w* my selfe y* I durst not
oppose it, nor dare I strive in having him setle w' my
selfe untill I see q* will be y*" issue of the presentation &
call to Whitsome. as soon as I can have opportunitie
to inform you of the the issue of it if the Lord spare me so
long, I intend to do it.
Your mother is free of q^ she was troubled w* when I
wrote from Symprin but she was twice or thrice sur-
prized suddenly w* [torn] in her breast q"^ she called a
collick q''^ if it had not gone off in a short tyme
seemed very dangerous. I [am] not] w*out fears
of its return at present she is in verie good
health, we have all reason to be thankfull to God
for his goodnes to you & us in y* matter, if we
have been depending on God for every good & even for
health by prayer the granting of y'^ mercie will be dayly
matter of praise o y* we wer all of us more exercisd
to improve our time & health for y" glorie of God the
giver of both & in [torn] provoked by our hiding these
talents especially misimprovment of y™ to take y™ from
us a well spent life in health [torn] w* inward peace
& comfort in the time of sicknes & death which is ap-
pointed for us all & y" time of it must [illegible]
death comes as a theife in y*" night w*out any previous
warning & when least looked for o y* we wer all of us
doing w*^ all our might in the work of glorifying God &
80 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
working out our own salvation whatever our hands find
to do becaus in the grave y''^ no knowledge wisdome nor
device
o y* we wer all of us dieing more to ourselves our own
righteousnes our own strength our own wisdome &
will dieing more & more to our own respect & esteem
amongst men dying more to all earthly things & ever
striving more through y^ spirit & grace of Jesus Christ
to live more to God in holynes & righteousnes feeling
above all, the things y* are above where Christ is at the
fathers right hand, setting our hearts & affections upon
them, having our conversation in heaven, keeping up a
correspondence w* heaven y* when we come to die we
may be able to say we change our place but not our com-
pany, let us endeavour [mor]e & more to go out of our-
selves & this vain distracting world to Christ & God in
Christ for our justification sanctification & [torn] for all
good, for grace here & glorie hereafter endeavouring to
have the first taste of heaven here which when enjo[yed]
will sweeten every lott, whether prosperous or adverse &
ever give y* inward satisfaction peace & contentment y^^
necessary for our happynes here its in vain to seek it
in y® creature these broken cisterns that can hold no
such waters God & God in Christ the alone fountain
of living waters of consolation which ever run & will
never fail, have a peace y* will never be taken from us
is ane inheritence which is incorruptible undefiled y*
passes not away, & is reserved for the heirs of salvation
to be fully uninterruptedly & for ever enjoyed by y™ in
heaven, & when this made fine all y*^ need [full] to pre-
pare us for it all y*^ needfull for our present life here
in this world for our passage through time to eternity
is also secured by the belevers father and y'' Lord Jesus
Christ y*" head who hath disposing of all things in his
hands & will not forget his y* he hath laid down his life
for for whom he hath gone to heaven to prepare a place
for & for whom he is constantly appearing in y^ presence
of the father, making intercession for y" as a mercifull
& faithfull high priest who is touched w* the feeling of
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 81
y' infirmities & was tempted in all things they are I
say he who is thus related to y™ hath such ane ineffeable
love to y"" & hath such power to help y"' will suffer y™ to
want nothing y* he sees good for y" & will make all
[torn] he sees good they should meet w*^ work for y""
good, especially to y"" y* have received & embraced him
in the word [torn] offered in y^ gospel & given them-
selves & devoted y'"selves to his fear & service & do by
faith depend on him [for] supplies of grace to direct y™
in y^ way of duty & incline y™ to it q" made known &
for ability & power to perfor[m the] same q* ever dan-
gers & difficulties do attend y' duty & who studie singly
to pleas him who ever be de-[torn] & will rather hazard
the loss of all earthly things then hazard the loss of his
favour & countenance, whatever people are with him
he is w* y"" if they be doers of y* which is good non can
really harm y"" when he is wit[h] them who can be
against them, its when y^ godly follow selfe denying
duties in obedience to Christ & trust in him for enough
healing grace that they have most of sensible communion
w* him & most of y* joy which is y® strength y* floweth
from y® sense of his love God abound in y"" hearts
by y^ holy spirit the comforter & y'® non y* chose w*
Christ & receive him sincerely but its w* a sincere resolu-
tion through his grace to deny y"" [selves] to take up the
cross & to follow him in y'^ steps y* he hath gone befor
upon & in the everlasting cov* under the bond of which
all y* are united to Christ by the faith y* receives him
have brought & have ane interest in all the bl[essin]gs
promised in it I say in the well adored & everlasting
GOV* all is promisd to believers y* are required of y™
[It] is by way of duty & this is y* which makes Christs
yock easie & his burden light they can do all things
[torn] Christ is pleased to strengthen y™ & this he mostly
does q" they lean least upon y"" own strength & who not
of y"" [torn] for constant supplies of spiritual stregth
against coruption Satans temptations & y^ allurments or
terrors of [the] world & its promisd in y*^ cov* y* he will
put his spirit within them & cause y"" walk in his strength
82 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
[torn] & do y™ he hath promisd y*^ he will never
leave y"" nor forsake y"' y* he will be y' God & y"" guide
[torn] when Christ is given all things are given w'^
him.
I desire to bless God for q* you write to your brother
y* you continue in the favor of your present governor
[torn] to see y^ hand of God in this & I doubt not but
you do so also, its God y*" makes us find favor in the
ey[e]s [torn] & so let us endeavour to have Gods favor
which is not like mens subject to changes, when [torn]
the Lord he can make y'' verie enemies to be at peace w*
y"" & if y' should be a change in y^ [torn] to you take
it from God as y* q*''' he sees good for you & studie to be
pleased w* Gods will [torn] doubt [torn] you have re-
ceived so much good has given y** deliverance & preserva-
tion by sea & land & such as have appeared [torn] since
you left us at first & especially since your mariage y*
should ne[ver] be forgotten but kept in perpe[tual] re-
membrance y' therby you may be blest [b]ountifully
[torn] more & more by these cords of [torn] & may be
encouraged to trust yourselves & your litle ones to his
kinde wise powerfuU & mercifull providen[ce] [torn] fu-
ture both of you never forget Gods goodnes to you
both manifested in y* mutual love & satisfaction y* you
[torn] continued w* you to & in one another its a
blessing from God & a blessing y* all his people have
not please God ye m[ay ever] love onother so
much give him thanks and hold it from him as one
of your greatest & best of your earth [ly] blessings
bless him y* he hath given you children and hath lately
added to your families hold y''' from God as his
gif[t] [R]ejoice more in the giver then in y" gift.
Set loose to y" & endeavor to be in a readyness to part
w* any of y" if God shall be pleased to call for any of
y"". All of us here pray constantly for you & your chil-
dren I think we neve[r] forget you we expect &
believe y* we have y*" same from you o y* our prayers
for onother may [meet] at the throne of grace & y* both
of us you & we may experience the return of prayers
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 83
prayers for [torn] the best provision y* you can lay
up & make for your children is to lay up a store of fer-
vent humble beleiving prayers for y™. We bless God y*
ye have so much comfort in the children the lenth they
are [torn] & y* they are so hopfull & y* the mother hath
health to nurse her son & so much pleasure in doing
it I fear [torn] see either of you or any of our dear
grandchildren I bless God y* I hear so frequently &
so [torn] [fr]om you Your mother hath written to
Sandie. it will in some measure supply y^ want of a
sight of him if I shall have line from him as you give
ground to expect. Your mother & brother & I give our
sincerest love to you both & to our d[ea]r grandchildren
& to our sister we are glade y* you have so much of
her respect & esteem, we find y'' was a ship from Phila-
delphia about the time we received yours but we had no
line from her I am obliged for want of room on this
page to leave off against my inclinations the Lord y®
God of all blessings bless you both & our dear grand-
children w* all blessings temporal spiritual & eternal in
Jesus Christ May he be your God & ther God your
father & ther father from henceforth & forever.
Dear sone & daughter I am
Your most tenderly affectionat father
Alex"": Golden
I desire you may be pi [eased] to inquire for one
Henrie Scott a sone of Henrie Scott in y"" parish of An-
crum he is a relation of S"" Patrick Scott his
brother sayes he is in your province & is concerned to
know how its w* him
[Addressed : ] M"" Cadwallader Golden doctor of Medicine
at New- York
America
to be left at the Sun-Coffee house be-
hind royall-Exchange
London
84 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
pd 6 F 5-*
[Postmarked:] PD 20
MR
[Endorsed:] R May 30 1723
Answered June
again Octr 28
From Andrew Chrystie to his brother-in-law and sister,
Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
ScHEEN 1 July 8**^ 1723 N S.
Lov : Broy'' & Sister
This is now the 4"* I have wrott you this year, the
first 2 were dated in Febry from Simprin and Berwick,
& the last. May 26*'' from Brewieg - on this river ; all
which have been directed to the Sunn Coffee house. As I
reckon it a very great satisfaction to hear from you.
This encourages me to lay hold on this opportunity (be-
ing a Ship my broy' has load bound for LeverpooU)
whereby you may be engaged to favour us w* a return,
which (as I wrott in my last) you may direct to y® care
of M"" John Theed Merchant in London, who has frequent
occasions to forward letters to this place, by y® frequent
shiping we have from London. I have not had any from
you since that dated Ocf last. When you please to favour
us w* yours, advise q* way the English trade w* your port
and the adjacent Countrey, what sort of goods are ex-
ported & imported by you that yeild most advantage,
and q* are y** products of your Countrey, all which I think
I desired in my last, which I renew, being desirous to be
informd of the same. We had a letter from Simprin last
week q^'by perceives our friends in Scotland are in their
ordinary and that my Sister will ly in child bed about y^
1 Skien, in southern Norway.
2 Brevik, on the River Skien.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 85
middle of this moneth, which Jamie writes is the reasone
that hinders him from coming over to see us this Sum-
mer which he was fully
[bottom of sheet torn off]
particular Ace" q'^of I leave to my broy^ As for my
self, thank God, am in perfect health and doe not alto-
gether want business and as I am now resolv'd to settle
in this Countrey, does design to go over to England this
harvest to make acquaintance in Scott ports, being
hitherto I have had few Conmiissions but from Berwick,
but what port I will settle in, I am not yet resolved. I
have not thought on matrimony as yett neither intend
it, untill I be well settled and have gott a better Stock,
There's no publick news here of any importance. We
have abundance of the Czar's preparations in our prints
but no certainty of the Consequence. This (w* my sin-
cere wishes for yours & y® childrens health and prosperity
not forgetting your Aunt at Philadelphia) is all that of-
fers from D. B. & Sister
Your most affect: & obedient broy & Serv"
Andr: Chrystie
From David Chrystie, Junior, to his brother-in-law and
sister, Mr. and Mrs. Cadivallader C olden
PoRSGROUND ^ July 9**^ 1723
Dear Broy"" and Sister
Out of sight out of mind. I am readie to think you
have quite forgott me. I can impute it to nothing else,
being persuaded you need not be asham'd of me, for I am
no discredit to any of my friends; I should almost be
loath to exchange w* one of 400 £ p"" annum, it is true I
must live accordingly by keeping my horse and Chese and
a ser" to wait on it when I goe Abroad, besides a Clark
^ Porsgrund, on the River Skien, in southern Norway.
86 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
to attend my books for whom I give 14 £ sterl : p'' Annum
and a Ser" to attend my Daill Yard and oy' Goods here
in Porsground whom I also give Same wages, and 2 pren-
tices besides these. There is but two more reckon'd
squall to me in business in this River And if it please
God to spare me and to Bless me as hitherto I hope to
outdoe them both as alreadie all the oy" in the river.
You must not beleeve that it is of vanity or Pride that I
gave you this accompt of my self. It is only acknowledg-
ing of Gods favours towards me in giving accompt of my
Advancement and hapiness to my friends who I hope will
rejoice w* me I never as yet have had one farthing
from my wifes father furder than a litle plenishing I got
along w* her to the value of about 50 Lb sterl: My
riches and hapiness is alone owing to God Almighty, And
my own fair Dealings And industry, (I speak of fair
Deallings becaus the factors that are here and were be-
fore me, are known by all, to be rogues and tricksters) ;
I live as hapily as ever friends could wish me or I desire.
I have a pleasing and oblidging wife, and pleasent and
thriving children viz : David, Hans, Alison and James, the
last of which my wife nursed and waind him about 10
weeks ago. we are as yet not certain of [one word torn]
in the Creels; Pray let me h[ear] from you by a letter
[bottom of page torn away]
London, please follow the Direction of Broy"" And'' by
recommending my letter to the Care of M"" John Theed
Timber Mer" in Waping London. Now that God Al-
mighty may ever Bless you and preserve you and Your
Children is the earnest prayer of
Dear Brother and Sister
Your most Affectionat Broy"" and Ser"
David Chrystie
[Indorsed:] R-d Octr 28 1723
[answered] Novr 25 by Mr Colden
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 87
From David Chrystie to his daughter, Mrs. Cadwallader
C olden
Her: Hos: Dec: 18. 1723
D: Alie
Yo'" husbands w* yo'^ dated Oct : 26 I received yester-
day. You begin yo' letter w* an Apology for yo'' not
remembring me & say you would have been uneasie if
you had not hoped I had received yo" from M*" Watson,
but that could give you no satisfac", if you had known
y^ truth of y'' matter; for I have neither yet seen M.
Watson nor y*" letter; I went to his sister after I received
yo", but she could give me no account of him; for she
sayes he never writes either to her or his father, I must
really make you laugh at my jealousie. W^hen I had any
letter before from yo"" husband, you either wrote yo'" self,
or he said in y^ close of his letter Alie remembers you
&c: but in that y"" was never a word of yo"" name: well, I
said little, but I thought I would give you a wipe for it in
my letter. I went to Simprin in August, & after I had
stayed 2 or 3 dayes w* yo'" brother, he & I went to Oxnam,
& yo"" brother Ja: Golden w*^ us (who is now very com-
fortably settled in Whitsom) going on by Kelso, we made
severall short visits, they asked q" I had heard from my
daughter, I told I had a letter from her a few weeks be-
fore, they answered they were glad of it, for they had
heard she was dead ; q° I went to another house they told
me they were sorry I had lost my daughter : we went for-
ward to Oxnam, & both M'" Golden & James had received
each of them a letter from yo"" husband some little time
before: I asked IVP Golden if [hi]s son had spoken any
thing of his wife, he said, no; then I asked James, he
made y^ same answer; q'"upon I presently said, she is
certainly gone; at which both M"" Golden, M'"^ Golden, Ja:
Golden & Ja: Ghrystie fell upon me & bantered me
severely: yo"" husband had said in all his letters We are
all well; but to that I replyed, he meaned, he & y^
children were well & thought fitt to conceal it from me
for some time. However I am very glad of my disap-
88 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
pointment; but I hope it will be a lesson to you for y^
future. Yo"" Brother Ja: w* his familie are pretty well,
little Katie is troubled w* an outstriking, which hath in-
fected her mother, & makes y" both somewhat uneasie.
The Duke of Roxburgh was pleased to send yo"" Brother
a Presenta" to y*" Church of Morbattle q*"^ is vacant since
y*" death of M"" Jo: Simson, y*" Pr^trie of Kelso is very
kind to him & [faded] fore except 2 Jacobites have ap-
peared for him, but y*" people are [faded] wild, & will
hear of no Min"" but one M^ And: Tait (it is like [faded]
may know him) who was M"" Simsons helper. The Pre-
senta'' was [made] in y® beginning of Sep"", but it is still
lying over; & I cannot tell [faded] of it.
Yo"" Brother Andrew came from Norway to England
in y** end of September & wrote to me from London, q'^''
I answered: he came to make acquaintance w' Norway
merchants & had letters of Recommenda" from his
Brother Davie to all his acquaintances & correspondents.
he stayed only about a fortnight in London, & then came
in y^ stage-coach to Lynn & Hull & went to a great
many places upon y^ Coast, he wrote to me again from
Lynn on y*" last [faded] upon y*" first of No"" he said he
was very well pleased w* that voyage, for he had good
[ faded ]-ness & was [torn] [to sett]le at Christiana q*"*
is y** metropolis of Norway he desired to be excused y*
he came not to see me, because he had bought 200 lbs
worth of goods which [torn] get off in Norway this win-
ter, & y'"fore behoved to haste back again: So I believe
he will hardly listen to yo"" husbands proposal of coming
to America; & I must acknowledge I would not be
[faded] for it ; for if he came to you I needed not expect
ever to see him again; & I think it too much as I have
lost one of you. I told him in my letter to London y* ye
complained he wrote not to you, & he answered me in his
from Lynn y* it was not his fault, for he wrote from
Berwick Feb : 12 & again from Simprin 2 dayes after, also
from Norway May 26 (q*'" it seems is y® only letter ye
have received) all which were directed to y*" Sun Coffee
house, & lastly July 8 by way of Leverpool, & Davie
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 89
wrote to you that same day. They & I both are sorry
y* their letters are so miscarried; but I am glad mine
come so well to yo^ hand; I believe y"" hath none either
from you to me, or from me to you miscarried, except
that one which I wrote w* Bonner. Swinton wrote to yo""
husband last week; I hope both this & his will come to
yo"" hand together: I know yo"" husband w[il]l do him all
y^ kindness y* lies in his power & I shall be very glad if
he can serve him; they ar[e] a worthy kind family.
I am glad y* y"" children are all recovered of y** indisposi-
tion they laboured under. M" Henderson is as happily
married as one could wish, she hath a kind & loving hus-
band, & his daughters are very discreet & obliging to her,
& she wants not abundance of y^ world: her sister Jenny
is not so lucky, for her husband has left her, & she knowes
not q* is become of him. Pray Remember me kindly to
yo"" husband, & all y*^ children & especially to my dear
Sandie. Now y"' Lord be with you all. I am
Yo"" loving father
D Chrystie
[Addressed:] To M"" Cadwallader Golden
Doctor of Medicine in New York
To be left at the Sun Coffee-house
Behind the Royall Exchange
London
[Postmarked:] 25
DE
pd6 5d
[Indorsed:] Rec'^ Aprill 11 1724
A''^ May 9 by Sandie
and my self [blank]
90 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From James Chrystie to his sister, Mrs. Cadwallader
C olden
SiMPRiN January 10 1724
Dear Sister,
I had my Brothers letter Dated Ocf 26 upon the
19*'' of the last month, on which you also write a few
lines, and w'" you write to Davie, and he to Andrew, upon
the same sheet. I shall be sure to transmitt that letter
to Norway by the first Ship that goes from Berwick to
Norway. I'm very much concerned that the letters I
write to you, are so many of them miscarried. It Sur-
prized me to see by your letter that you had not received
one from me the last year. You may be allways assured
of that, that if you receive not two letters from me in
the year, at the least, it is not because I have neglected
to write, but because the letters are miscarried. I wrote
to you on the 14 of February last, & gave you an account
of my receiving yours Dated the 4 of October preceeding.
I wrote also a long letter to you on the Q^^ of September
last, and gave you an account of my receiving yours of
the third of July preceeding. I'm still hopefuU that that
letter has come to your hand before this time, and that
Since it did not come to you by the Beaver, It would
come by the Sunderland. I cannot imagine what Should
make my letters to you miscarry, when all that my
Father writes go Safe to your hand. I Direct them in
the same manner to be left at the Sun Coffee house &c:
and for the greater Security I putt them into the post
house in Berwick with my own hand, paying the postage
to London. In that letter I wrote to you on the 6*" of
Sepf I gave you a full account of the affair of your
Brother James's Settlement at Whittsom and that he
was to be ordained there on the 10 of that month. I
acquainted you also of the birth of our little Katie,
whereof I observe by yours, that you have been informed
by another hand. I therein also told you that my Lo:
Duke of Roxburgh had given me a Presentation to the
Church of Morbattle. As to that matter it is still in
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 91
dependance. All the Heretors of that parish have de-
clared their Concurrence with the presentation except
Clifton & another little Heritor, who do not oppose it.
And the pr^^ of Kelso are all unanimously & most heart-
ily for my Settlement amongst them; but the people
have been bred up by Mas John Simpson in a Squeamish
disposition, and have no inclination to comply with a
Settlem* of a Min*" among them who is qualifyed to the
Gover"*, because their own Mas John had refused the
oath. This especially makes them stand out; but it's
hoped by the pr'*' and others that These people will come
to another disposition after they have gott leave to think
a while. As for my part, I am intirely easy about the
Success of that affair, and perfectly content in my agree-
able little retreat; tho' It's very likely that in the event
I shall not gett my Complyance with that Settlement
declined. I was so perfectly cured of my ague when I
wrote last, that I forgott (I believe) to tell you I had
had one, but it seems my father has been very particular
in giving you account both of my malady, & my cure;
which has given Cad an occasion of bantering me about
my old Wife's plaister. But I fancy whatever my Father
has told you about that, he has not told You, that I my
Self was clear for using the Jesuits bark, and that he
plainly declared his mind that I Should not meddle with
it; and that he Sent me out Lady Henriett Scotts plaister
and advised me to use it and forbear the powders. So
purely in complyance with his desire, & to gratify him,
I applyed the plaister, and made an experiment of the
Success of it, for a fortnight. I knew the worst would
be that I should keep my ague for a fortnight longer;
and if in that time it was not removed, then I was re-
solved to use the powders, which accordingly I did, and
found it a present and Safe remedy, for I have never
Since had the least indisposition either aguish or any
other. I did not at all expect any benefitt by the plaister
but used it only (as I say) to gratify my Father. And
as I have always had a great Opinion of the bark, as a
92 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Safe & certain medecine, so I'm confirmed in it now by
a Second experience of it upon my own person.
I wrote to my Brother in Sepf That there was one
Robert Ridpath son to Robert Ridpath in Greenlaw,
(who is a good honest man of my acquaintance) that had
left this country Some 4 or 5 years ago, in a little discon-
tent; His father & mother had never heard from him
since. Only they had some imperfect account, that one of
that name was a Factor over Some gatherers of Gold
dust in New England. If my Brother by any Correspon-
dents of his could be informed of him, from these parts,
so as to give me an account ; It would be a very Oblidging
& Charitable action to the Father & mother; who are in
very great concern about their only Son.
I was in Kelso about 10 days ago, and had occasion
to Meett with your old Comrad Ann Jamison. She was
married more than two years ago to George Home ^ a
third son of Wedderburn. He went abroad a little after
their marriage Supercargo in a Ship from Glasgow, bound
for Virginia; and she has never heard any thing about
him since. She heard the Ship was cast away, but that the
crew were all Saved. She gives her most humble Service
to you, and beggs you'l be so kind as to inform your
Self, if possibly you can gett intelligence of her husband
from Virginia. I expected to have been at Kelso again
& to converse with her further about the particulars in
this matter, before I should write to you but I have not
yet gott that done, & I am loth to delay my writeing
longer least I may lose the opportunity of the Ships go-
ing from London to N. York at this Season. If you can
do Ann any service in this matter, I make no question
but you will to the outmost of your power.
My Sarah, and the two Children are in perfect Good
health (blessed be God). She is now Suckling Katie,
who thrives extraordinary well, and is a very pleasant
1 For an account of George Home (Hume) and his family, see "A
Golonial Scottish Jacobite Family — Establishment in Virginia of a
Branch of the Humes of Wedderburn," by Edgar Erskine Hume,
U. S. A., first published in The Virginm Magazine of Hktory and
Biography, XXXYHI (1930), and subsequently printed in book form.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 93
Child. Davie is one of the most Diverting little fel-
lows that ever I knew of his age; he beginns to walk
alone, <fe to gett Some Words ; he understands every thing
we Speak to him, & can make known his mind either by
Words or Signs. I have asked him Just now what he
has to say to his Uncle & Aunt in N: York; he has bid
me give his humble duty with all the Complaisance he is
able to express. He has been giving me Just now such
an amusing diversion with his understanding musick,
that I believe you'l excuse me if I entertain you with it.
He has let me know that he can perfectly distinguish
above a dozen of Scots tunes, when they are Sung to him
or played upon an Instrument. So as to be able without
the least mistake to let me know how the air is called,
either by giving me one of the most remarkable words
of the Song that is Sung to that air, or else by Showing
Some Significant action, that the words of the Song
express. Which I Must Say is the most Singular excel-
lency of an ear that ever I heard discovered by a boy of
his age. he has done this at 18 months old. I know
you are very fond of your own Children w" makes me
think my being So particular about little Davie will not
be disagreeable to you. I must Say I have the greatest
Satisfaction in my little family that possibly any thing
of that nature can afford. I am extremely delighted to
hear from you the particular account of your Children.
I pary the Lord may preserve them to you and eminently
bless them. I was very well pleased you may be Sure
to See Sandie's performances in writeing. Pray make my
humble Service acceptable to him, & little Betty. You
have said nothing particularly of little Cad, Since you
told us of his Birth, & that you were giving him Suck.
Davie and his family were very well when I heard last
from him, 2 or 3 months ago. I suppose you know he
has 4 Children, David, Hans, Alison, and Jamie. An-
drew was in Brittain Sepf last, he came from Norway
to London, & from that to Lynn, & bought 200 Lb Sterl:
worth of Some Commodities & returned with them from
94 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
that to Norway ; he writes to me that he intends to Sett
up now for himself & Settle at Christiana. He is a very
Diligent industrious fellow, and beginns to thr[i]ve very
well in the world. I'm affraid you will not find him dis-
posed to make a trip to N: York, as ye propose, for he
has now gott into the Norway trade; and I believe, to
attempt a trade to your parts of the World would re-
quire a greater Stock, than he can yet be master of.
Dear Alie, Its the greatest pleasure imaginable to me to
hear of your prosperity and wellfare. Pray fail not to
write upon all occasions. Assure your Self that in no
case am I capable to forgett you. We have reason to
admire the Goodness of a kind providence, that every
one of our Family is in Such comfortable circumstances,
only I can never but regrate the unhappiness, that we
who have and always had such an entire and uninter-
rupted affection for one another should be so far Sepa-
rate. Remember me most affectionately to my Dear
Billie Cad. I hope he'l think this letter the same as if
it had been addressed to him. Sarah remembers you both
& the Children with the most Sincere & hearty affection.
My Father received your letter, & answered it immedi-
atly. Your Parents at Oxnam also received yours to
them. They were in this country about 10 days ago, and
carried James to Oxnam w* them he had gott a little
cold, (for want of a Wife I believe) and they took him
home with them to recruit a little. May The Lord Bless
& preserve you both & your Children. I am Dear Alie
Your most affectionate Brother and humble Servant
Ja: Chrystie
Bailie Cockburn in Checklaw was buried on Wednes-
day, and Patrick Grieve in Dunss was buried yesterday.
I renew what I said before as to your Directing your
letters. Direct for me Min"" at Simprin to be left with
M"" Andrew Home, Chirurgeon in Kelso. I know not if
I may be at Morbattle or not, but however it be, that
Direction will answer.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 95
[Addressed:] To M'' Cadwallader Golden Doctor of
Medicine
at New York
America
To be left at The Sun-Coffee-house
Behind The Royal Exchange
London
Post paid to London 4d
[Postmarked:] 20 PD
lA
[Indorsed by Cadwallader Golden:] Re'^ May 3 1724
A*^ the 9 by my self
From Mrs. Alexander Golden to her daughter-in-law,
Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
[Summer, 1724]
Dear Daughter
It is a pleasure to me to be writing to you and the
rest of my dear children who are all very dear to me and
I can say you are all the children of many prayers: and
the dear youn son which I hope you are imbracing has
been ofen devouted to god and his serves and be it son
or daughter that the Lord has been pleased to give you:
I hope the child is given in marcy to you and me as the
answer of many prayers I have devouted my children
and ganchildren to the Lord, and I hope I shall have of
my seed to sarve him when I am silnant in the grave:
0 take care to have your children well grouned in the
principles of our holy religon 1 that there is a god and
this god is most glorious 2 that god made man in a
blessed estate 3 mans misery by his fall 4 Christ the
only redeemer by price 5 that few are saved and that
with difficulty 6 that mans perdition is of himself : my
Dear make it your dayly study to know and beleve these
96 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
blessed truths your self: and then you will be the more
consarded to tach them to your children and your chil-
dren may tach them to there childrens children and so
we may have of our seed to serve the Lord though many
genarations which will be our greats honnour in the day
of the Lord when we may say here are we and the chil-
dren thou hast graciously given us: as for the 12 children
the Lord has honoured me to bring forth I am perswaded
10 of them are in glory: the two that are yet in time i
have as good ground to hop it shall be well with them
when god has don his worke with them in time as any
mother can have for her children : I beleve gods gracous
promise who has said to my soul he will be surty for him
that is your husband and as for James he is every way
hopf ull and some is pleased to say he will be a honour to
us: but I fear he will not be long so for is but tender and
was at the point of death this winter and he is as earless
of himself e almost as ever: which mad us hasen his
marrage that he mite have one to take care of him he
is married to M"" byers daughter ^ a young woman of a
very good carecter and one that will be a very good wife
to him: we have sent to your father to by books for
Sandy and Betty and [one word torn] for my sister but
I fear they will not be got, for I hear your father is now
at simpring and so the post will have mist him and I am
to send this to simpering to your father for we do not
know how to derect to the D nicol by home we sende
these when he is out of towne I have inclosed my
sister Letter in your that you may convay it to her I
am very much trobeled that you and she Lives att such
a distance one from another now when the infermityes
of old age are upon her and I am sure no one can nor
aught to take more care of her then my Son and you for
duty intrust and gratitude oblidgeth you for I hear shee
is stil doing for you remember my Dearest Love to
my son and granchildren we are ever praying for you
1 Rev. James Golden married March 19, 1724, Lilias, daughter of
Rev. George Byers (Byres). See Hew Scott, Fasti Ecclesice Scoticance
(revised edition, 1917), II, 64.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 97
and them and we desire prayers for us o that our
prayers may meet at the throne of grace for ach other
which is the hearty prayer of her that is
Your most Loving Mother
Jane Golden
now when I think i have don all that any can expect
of me for James I would fene be doing somthing for the
dear granchildren i am providing yarn for gilemankey
d-[torn]-ous or our Scots anterine let me know what
will be most usfull for the children for i would be very
van of there wearing closs of my making and withall Let
me know how to conveay any thing of this kind to you
Your father gives his kind love to you and y® children
[Addressed:] for M" Golden in New York
In America
[Indorsed by Gadwallader Golden:] R-4 Oct^ 19
A-d Nov"" 9 by my
self
From Rev. James Golden
OxNAM Sept^ 22, 1724
Dear Brother
I have yours of the 2^ of July last which I read with
a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction I think you
and I have both of us good reason to be thankfuU for the
many favours god has bestowed on us. I do indead be-
lieve the fevent and faithfuU prayers of our parents have
bean heard on our behalf and have bean prevalent with
god for us and I believe amongst other blessings we have
obtained from god none of the least have bean our being
agreeably maried with mates perfectly suited to our
tempers as I firmly believe you to be extreamly happy in
yours So far as I can Judge I am as happy in mine
98 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
own which considering the opinion I have of Ahe is the
greatest Charecter I can give her But brother these
blessings and favours god has bestowed upon us and the
good example the pertinent and wholsome advices we
have both of us had from our parents if they prove not
helps to us in fraiming our lives according to the rules
laid down in the Scriptures they'l prove dreadf ull agrava-
tions of our guilt and hasten our Judgements and there is
nothing I more desire of you than y* you would make the
Scriptures your study and lay the lives of the holy men
recorded there as that example according to which you
may endeavour to fraime your life in doing this I
dare affirm you will find more true quiet and peace in
your own mind and more true Joy and Satisfaction than
in gaining the whole world or aspiring to the utmost
pinicle of honour I return you my most hearty
thanks for your good wishes to me and your seasonable
advice for altho I join with you in owning the Conven-
ience and necessity of your advice yet I believe there is
few so negligent in putting these advices in practice
Indeed I cannot Charge my Self so much with neglect
in that part of your advice which relates to my carrage
with such who by reason of the prejudices of their tem-
pers and education speake differently from me for I think
it redicoulously usurping to take to my self a liberty of
venting my thoughts upon any subject contrary to that
of others and expect they should hear me with patience
and not give others the same liberty and indead I think
it such a peace of cruelty and rudeness for one man to
oblige another to speak as he speakes unles he can be the
plain evidence of Argument oblige him to change his
mind that I cannot help being displeased with such as I
see doing so and therefor should be doubly Blameworthy
if I did it my Self
As to what you say of the fears you have of my being
subject to Mellencholy its what I fear my self but am
perswaded that when you think again you will be per-
swaded that my function can never be the cause but
rather the cure of it for when we consider that his work
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 99
is the most pleasant work namely the helping people on
in their ways to heaven the contemplating the Glorious
attributes of god and the grace of a redeamer and the
helps that are afforded to destroy out of men that origi-
nal deformity that is in them and restoring them to a
better state than they wer in at their first Creation this
one would think should rather be a cure than cause of
Mellencholy but as to the directions you give me for the
preventing the growth of this distemper having felt some
of the bad efi'ects of it upon my Self tho I have reason
to hope I have at least got a reprive from it since my
mariage and I shal make it my business to keep from
evry thing that may be an occasion of it
I am sure it would give you a great deal of pleasure
to see our father so healthy and vigorous as he is he
was not long since at my house with my mother and
my wife and I are now come up to be with them some
days my wife would have writ to my sister but being
an utter stranger to her she is somewhat shie but will do
it the next time My Dear brother may the Almighty
Continue his guidance and protection for you may
he bless you both in body and Spirit with these blessings
he bestows on his peculiar favourits as the Especial token
of his favour My Wife joyns with me in desiring you
may give our duty to my Aunt and our cinsear love to
Alie and the Children I am Dear Brother
Your Affectionat Brother
James Colden
[Addressed:] To M' Cadwallader Colden
Doctor of Medicine in New York
To be left at the Sun Coffee-house
Behind the Royall Exchange
London
pd 6
[Postmarked:] PD 30
SE
[Indorsed:] R-d Dec' 7 1724
A-dDec'29by MrC:
100 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Rev. James Colden
Berwick April 3'^ 1725
D Br:
I had one from you about a moneth ago and should
have answired it Long befor this but only there was one
particular in yours which as yet I cannot answir viz:
you desired me to give you a particular account as to my
happyness in a wife if my being maried to a woman
of excellent good Sense a Sweet temper and a Comely
person and one whose affection to me is as great and
Sincear as my heart can desire can make me happy I am
so the truth is Br you and I have both of us good
reason to be thankfuU to a good and bountyfull god who
hath blessed us both with the very best wives for us that
its possible we could have got for I verily believe if I had
had my offer of all the women that are this day in being
its Impossible I could have bean maried more to my
Satisfaction the only blessing of mariage that we
want is that as yet we have no Child and the reason why
I did not answire yours befor this is that I have some
hopes my wife may be with Child but it being uncertain
whither it may be so or not I delayd writing till I should
have some more certainty of it but my Br in Law being
Just going to London to prosecute his Employment I
took the opertunity of writing by him I had a letter
from my father this week and he and my mother wer
then well only my mother Complains of a pain in one
of her arms occassioned by a fall She got the End of
Last Summer from a horse I was at Simprine this
week but M'^ Christie was not at home only I heard he
was well his wife was then very well they have
two of the finest Children Ever I saw Especially David
is the pretty [est] boy I ever saw any wher M' Chris-
tie is transported to Morbatle the particulars of which I
shal writ the Next opertunity I read a letter from
you to my father wherein you shew him that there some
hopes of The Conversion of your Indians At least that
a treaty of Commerse is begun twixt the English and
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 101
them which may prove an Instrument for that End 0
my Br how would it rejoice my heart and the heart of
our Aged father if you should be Instrumental in so great
a work the last time I saw my father he was as healty
as I ever remember to have seen him in my life which I
think is and will tend very mutch to both our Advan-
tage I desire you may do me the favour as to excuse
me to my Aunt for not writing to her for I am in Great
hast and have not time but I desire that you may assure
her that I have a very grateful rememberance of her
kindness to you and your familie and altho I need her
kindness more than you do yet I am heartily pleased with
her kindness to you and if it wer in my power would
discover my gratitude to her as much as if her kindness
had been all bestowed on me you may direct for me
as formerly till I Setle a Correspondence at London
which so soon as it is done I will let you know my
wife Desires to be kindly remembered to Our Aunt You
and my Sister and Dr: Nicole she would have writ
her self to my Sisters had we not bean in a great
hast please give my Love to my Sister and your Dear
Children I am Dr Br w* the Greatest sincearity
Your Affectionat Br:
James Colden
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq""
att New- York America
to be forward by the first ship to
New York or boston
[Indorsed:] Reed. June 16, 1725
From Rev. James Colden
Whitsom 1 De^ Z^ 1725
D: B':
I would have writ to you before this but seeing that
the ships do not go from London to you befor Oct" I
1 Wiiitsome, in the county of Berwick, Scotland.
102 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
thought it was better to delay a htle till I should be
able to tell you how it was with my wife because I know
this letter will be the more agreeable to you that I can
tell you that my wife was safely brought to bed of a Son
the 17^*' day of Oc"" last at 12 of the Clock of the day and
my father Baptized him the Thursday after his Name is
Alexander we wer all very hearty on that occasion and
wanted nothing to give us all the satisfaction we could
have in any earthly thing but your company My
father and mother stay'd some days here but my mother
was very much fatigued with riding here my father
had his health very w^ell and they got safely home
again the Child was a very lusty Child and keeped
his health very wel for the first 8 days but then he took
a violent sore mouth which was so very ill that he was 9
days without sucking any and the fuming encreased so
much that for near 24 hours we could get nothing over
his throat so that wee believed he should have died
that distemper waint of and ever since he has continued
to thrive extraordinary well and now begins to smile in
our face I was at Oxnam since my father and mother
left us and stayd with them for some days they wer
then both very well and I cannot say but my father is
much after the same as he was when you was last in
Scotland [torn] just as well as he did then nor do I find
any sensible alteration in his [torn] Swinsid was Buried
when I was last at Oxnam my wif suckles the Child
her self and she proves an excellent nurse amongst
the many favours God has bestowed upon you and me
this is none of the least that we are both of us most
agreeably maried which is unquestionably one of the
Greatest blessings we can meet with in this w^orld for
whatever uneasiness we meet with without in the going
about our necessary bussiness yet if we find all pleasant
and agreeable to us at home this is a very Great ease tho
I cannot say I meet with any thing thats discouraging
where my bussiness lies for my people I have the Charge
of show me all the marks of Love and respect that I can
desire and I endeavour to do them all ther good I am
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 103
cappable of providence has indead cast my lot in
the place where I may enjoy all the happyness I desire
for the Charge is smale so as it does not overburthen me
and the maintainance is Just Sufficient it being exactly
50 lb per Annum which will mentain a familie that in-
cline to live soberly and I have no inclination (so far as
I am able to Judge of my own inclinations) after either
riches or high living for I think as its my duty to teach
my people not to over value the world I migh long preach
upon that subject befor I should prevail with them if
they should see me my self acting in a Contradiction to
my Doctrine but if by the Grace of God I shal be enabled
by my example to preach over the Doctrines of the
Gospel this is the best and the Only way of demonstrat-
ing the sincearity of our belief of those Doctrines we pro-
fess so that for one who enclines to live soberly the alow-
ance I have is sufficient tho I can not say but an accident
that happened me does somewhat straiten me for by
the easieness of my temper and the trust I put in some
other persons who I believed both knew and would pro-
mot my interest I contracted 25 pounds sterling of Debt
which by my having my house to furnish tho my father
and mother made me all the help they could yet you
know that altho they have lived y"'selves very Gentilely
and Educated us yet they never had any fore money but
what the Duck of Roxburgh gave him for the lack of his
Funds, and which you know was bestowed on your edu-
cation I do not tell you this story that I complain of
want for I am perfectly satisfiyd with my sircumstances
and have paid a part of this and hope in some time I
shal clear my self of that burthen altogether but the
reason that I incline to recommend the writtings of the
holy fathers of the first 3 centuries of the Church to your
perusal tho I cannot recommend them upon my own
having read them my Self because I have never had as
much money to Spare as would purchase these book
the way how I came to fall in love with them was by
Reading Dupins New History of the Lives and writtings
of those that flourished in the Church tho he is obliged
104 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
to be very short because otherways his book would have
swohi to an untollerable bulk yet what he says of
them shews them to have bean men of extraordinary
Purety and many of them men of Very Clear Judgement
who lived exactly according to the Rules of the Gospell
and who wrot without any design to deceive so that
seeing you may purchass their books I dare say if you
do it and spend your spare time in Considering the Doc-
trine discipline and moraUty that was then in the Church
and make it your business to follow their example I am
confident you will not be displeased with me for giving
you this advice nor when you die repent your Labour
my dearest Br"" you very well know that none of us live
to our selves and that each of us in whatever station god
has bean pleased to place us in have some particular
trust Committed to us from God which we ought to be
solicitously careful that we may faithfully discharge and
my brother as you have some share in the Government
in the place where you are so I am perswaded that a
sence of the Duty you ow to God and them who have
placed you in the Councel will make you take all the
care you can [torn] Laws as are against dishonesty and
prophanity may be put in execution that [torn] may be
encouraged and wickedness and vice may be put to shame
[torn] [b]rother I would not have you think I should
desire to be [torn] instrument of any persons being dis-
tressed for his principles provided he do not disturb the
publick peace or maintain principles contrary to the
Safety of Society for as evry man must answir for him
self at the day of Judgement so I think it but reasonable
he should judge for himself here nor can I ever be per-
swaded that its lawf uU to make use of any force to make
men change their opinions but that of Argument but
there are actions and ways of Speaking that are uni-
versally condemned and looked on as hurtfull these ought
to be restrained by all methods there are other ways
of acting that are as universally looked as profitable
these should be encouraged and the doing this is the duty
of all that are in publik trust There is another thing
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 105
that one of your Letters that my father received about
the beginning of this year puts in my mind there you
gave an account of A book of Your Governours about
Scripture prophesies ^ I have the book now by me
and have read it but have not read it as yet so carefully
as to be able to make a Judgement of it but so far as I
can Judge from the view I have taken of it I am ex-
treamly pleased with the design and think the Conjec-
tures he makes are very Ingenious you in that letter
tell us of a Treaty that was entered into betwixt your
Government and the Natives the Design of which Treaty
altho it be cheifly for trade yet you Seam to Insinuat
that it may prepare a way for the Delivering these poor
people from that dreadfuU darkness they labour
under you tell my father in that letter that you sent
over a Coppie of those papers that relate to that treaty
and which you drew up they are not come to us and
therefor I beg you may send us them as soon as possible
for I long to see some thing of my brothers doing in
that letter you say and I veryly believe it that there is
non in the Government that have that poor peopls case
so much at heart as your Governour and your seK but
my Brother as you have frequent occasion to be in the
woods I do not I can not question but you will make it
your business to learn the disposition and temper of your
Natives and how their languidge may be attained and
what may be the most probable meathod of bringing
them to the knowledge of the Christian Religion these
are indeed great and difficult tasks and things hardly
probable that they will be performed by one man but
my brother the Necessity is great to relieve so many souls
from the snares of the Divil and the reward is infinit for
if he shal not want a reward who gives a cup of Cold
water to disciples if he that performs the least act of
Charity if he shal be rewarded how then shal he be re-
warded who prepares the way for delivering whole Na-
1 William Burnet's An Essay on Scripture-prophecy [N. Y.], 1724.
106 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
tions from destruction do then my brother what you
can and the Lord of heaven and earth will surely be with
you and if there be any thing wherein I can be assisting
to you in this work let me know it and you may assure
your self No loss or Danger will hinder me from doing
it for I am only when I am doing good and what way I
may do most of that that way I will Imploy my self
There was on D"" Home who purchassed an esteat in
your province and Died in Boston he sent for a son
of M"" Lithgows who was minister in the parish a joining
to thi[s] if the boy be in your Country I hop you'l
do him any favour lyes in [torn]
I desire youl give my Duty to my Aunt and tell her
from me that I retain a very grateful! rememberance of
the favours she has shown you and am as thankfull to
her for them as if they had bean done to my Self if
any thing Ail my father I shal take all the care of my
mother I can and shew her all the kindness lyes in my
power my wife Gives her Love to you my Sister and
your dear Children Now that that Eternal God who
has bean the God of our fath[er] and who has taken care
of him and so caried him thr[ough] [torn] as to preserve
him from the eavil of it for now this 70 year may take
care of Guid and preserve you and all yours while you
are here and afterwards receive you into the Eternal
mansions of Glory is the prayer of My Very Dear Brother
Yours most Affectionat Brother
James Colden
P: S: I would have writ at this time to my Aunt
but it being the End of the week I had not time but only
in hast writ what is above which I hope will plead excuse
with my brother for the Confusion of this letter I
earnestly intreat you will fail of No oppertunity of writ-
ting to me that we may keep up as good a Correspond-
ence as we possibly can and Direct yours for me to be
Left at the Sign of the Duke of Argyles Arms in Berwick
on Tweed
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 107
[Addressed:] To M' Cadwallader Golden
of New- York Esq'
to be left at the Sun Coffie
house behind the Royall
Exchange London
and forwarded by the first ship
to New- York or Bostoun
North America
From Rev. Alexander Golden
OxNAM Jan'y 24*'' 1726
Dear Son
I have yours of the 10''' of Nov"" last. I am sorrie
that so many of mine to you do miscarry, the next let-
ter to that you received from me M"" M^'Clatchie wrote to
me y* he put it into the New York bag and that the ship,
it was to go by, was to sail the next day. the Last I sent
it to M"" David Christie y* he might give it into the post
office at Edinburgh as he did his own & he in his return
to me wrote y* he had done so and that it w[as djirected
as his uses to be. so y'^ I hope you will receive it at least
by that ship you wrote in you[r last yo]u wer expecting.
I bless the Lord y* your mother and I keep our
hea[lths esjpecially better this winter then the last & I
have been freer of the lownes & oppression of spiri[ts
t]hen sometime befor I have been especially when the
weather is frostie & the people say I am be[tt]er heard
y° some years befor.
I desire to be thankfull to God y* you have a gover-
nor ^ of so much learning pietie and applic[atio]n & y*
you have so much the favour of so good a ma[n s]o es-
tablished in the faith of revealed relig[ion] & such a
zealous and able advocate fo[r] it & am sorrie y* ther
should be any amongst you who are not sensible of ther
1 William Burnet.
108 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
[torn]-nes under his administration. I hope and pray
that ther attempts against him shall pr[ove ujnsuccess-
full. I hope you are not wanting in your prayers for his
being continued [with] you. the Lord hath the disposal
of all posts in the goverment m his hands and hath
t[hough]ts of all even the greatest in his hands and can
turn them whither he will
I hope you are sensible of the mercifull goodnes of
[God t]o you as to your circumstances in the world, to
have neither riches nor povertie but food convenient for
us is that lott which is less lyable to temtations then
either of the other two. this hath been your fathers lot
in the world, for which I bless his name, its a blessing
y* you should be affected with the kindnes of God in that
he hath given you and continued w* you a virtuous and
affectionat wife, & aggreable good natured and healthy
children.
Our daughters being brought safe to bed about six
weeks befor the date of yours of another daughter ^ is y*
which both her father & we desire to be very thankfull
to God (the father of all our mercies) for. M'' David
Christie gave me hearty thanks for my giving him the
news y'' of for he sayes that he was a little anxious about
her becaus she had written to her brother M"" James y*
her burden was heavie & was affrayd she might have two
at one birth, her father is much pleased that she takes
so much pleasure in nursing her children as the Lord is
pleased to add to your familie so I hope you will be
adding to the stock of prayers for your children which
when you are in the may be more beneficial to them then
any worldly stock you may provide for them or leave to
them I cannot but thankfully notice the hand of
kinde providence y* both Alie & Lillie your wife and your
brothers should be brought to bed in one <fe the same
moneth viz October Last your sister in law at Whit-
some also nurses her own child with a great deal of
pleasure & satisfaction he is named Alex"" I bap-
tizd him his other grandfather & both the grand-
1 Alice Golden.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 109
mothers wer ther the child as I hear thrives well is
a strong & livly child hitherto. I have not nor your
mother have not been at Whitsome since his birth and
baptisme but we frequently hear from another your
brother hath been here once or twice since. At that
occasion we did not forget you nor our daughter nor our
grandchildren by you I hear your brother & sister
Lillie are both verie fond of ther first child & the more
that it pleased Go[d t]o threaten to receive him a litle
after his birth they both live in great affection to
ona[nother] and as I desire ever to be thankfull for that
mercie to you & Alie so to him & Lillie,
Your mother is glad that her sister is in so good
he[alth] we would been better pleased if she had been
nearer you befor this & we are than[kful] y* ther is such
ane amicable correspondence kept up betwixt you and
her when you write to her or see her forget not to
shew her how concerned we are to hear of her health,
that we keep up a sense of her continued kindnes to you
& your familie
I desire to be thankfull to God for your concern for
M' Daes in his circumstances & I hope the Lord will
reward your governours charitie to him I am sorrie
y* you have been imposed upon by M'' Milne who I hear
from your brother in law M'" J Christie was of a worse
charecter then Mr Daes & that he spent his substance
upon whoreing & drinking and hath left his wUe Alies
cousin in miserable circumstances M'" James Christie
told us a litle tyme ago wh[en] he & M" Christie wer
here paying us a visit y* he had written to you a full &
[torn] charecter of him & had advised you not to notice
him at all or to be concernd about [him] & fears y* his
letter to you wherin he wrote this had been taken up by
M"" M[iln]e & destroyed & y* becaus his sister gave him
no account of your receiving that le[tter] but its prob-
able you will hear more particularly of this affair from
M*" James C[h]ristie in his next to you if he hath not
done it already, he did all y^ he could for preventing
110 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
your being imposed upon by him or [torn] any loss on
his account.
I am now in the 72*^ year of my [age] according to
my reckoning & am calld to be waiting for the Lords call-
ing me out of tyme [torn] & y*" more that I hear of
several sudden deaths in & about Edinburgh at this
[torn] for I cannot forbear to put you in minde of what
I hope you are making your [torn] work & busines in the
world even the salvation of your precious & immortal
soul [what h]ave we profited if we shoud gain the
whole world & lose our own souls, y"" for let [it be y]our
principal studie & care to know your selfe and God in
Christ Jesus, to know [and b]e persuaded more & more
of your sinfull & miserable state by nature of your being
under (as we all are till united to Christ the last Adam)
y^ guilt of Adams first sin under the power & dominion
of sin of the corruption of our [torn] & of Satan under
the curse of the first covenant & by nature y^'for chil-
dren of wrath, lost in ourselves unable to deliver our-
selves out of this sinfull & miserable state unable to
satisfie Gods justice by ans wearing the demands of y^
law viz to bear its curse for sins past <fe to fullfill it per-
fectly for the time to come being dead in sins & tres-
passes w^out life unable of our selves to think so much
as a good thought so as you may not think to establish
any righteousnes q'''' may be calld your own whereby ye
can stand in his sight & expect to be justifyd so as you
may see a necessitie to look for righteousnes in another
in order to your geting the pardon of sin & a right to
eternal Ufe, & in order so that studie to get the loving
knowledge of God as he hath reveal himselfe in Christ
Jesus a clear view of his glorie shining forth in the
face of Jesus Christ his holynes wisdom justice truth
mercie love & power most eminently displayd in the way
of salvation by the incarnation & passion of his own son
especially his love & mercie in so loving the world as to
give his only begotten son y* whosoever beleives on him
may not perish but have eternal Ufe in Gods deliver-
ing him up for us all in giving him to be a propitiation
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS HI
for our sins is the surprizing & greatest evidence of the
fathers love y' either could be given or expected y""
is no sensible sinner y*^ gets a view of it but is filled w'
admiration of it studie the knowledge & affecting
faith of the sons love in undertaking the work of sinners
redemption from all eternitie & fulfilling in time what
he then undertook in laying down his life for his sheep
in giving himselfe a ransome for many in giving himselfe
ane offering & a sacrifice for siners to God [torn] his
being made sin for us y* we may be the righteousnes of
God in him in his [torn] our sins the punishment of
them in his bodie on the tree in his being made a [torn]
for us y* we might be delivered from the curse of y^ law
in his dying for our [torn] & rising again for our justifi-
cation his appearing now in the presence [of Go]d
for them & presenting his own blood which does far bet-
ter things then the b-[torn] of Abel in his reconciling
sinners who wer enemies to God in ther hearts & by th-
[torn] works by the blood of his cross take off en (&
beg y* God may give it you) a view of this love till you
see it passeth knowledge & let the love of the father &
of the sone & of the holy Ghost who comes from the
father & y^ son to apply & make sinners partakers of
y* redemption Christ hath purchased untill you be recti-
fyed w*' it its by the cords of love wherwith sinners
are sweetly drawn to God ;
studie the knowledge of the covenant of grace which
God enters into w* sinners united to Christ & who upon
the offer of him in all his offices do embrace [th]e offer
& come to God through Christes & trust in him for par-
don through his satisfaction & holy [torn] his spirit I
say studie the knowledge of that everlasting covenant
well ordered in all things [torn] which he enters into w*
sinners in Christ y* repent of y"" sins & beleive on his
name & q"^ [torn] see y* God makes himselfe ever to be
y"" God to pardon y"" sins original & actual how [torn]
heinous so ever they have been to sanctify and renew
y'' natures to subdue y"" sins to [torn] his image & mold
them like him self to be a father to them to give them
112 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
the spirit of adopt[io]n to write his laws in ther
hearts to dispose & induce them to sincere universal
gospel obedience [torn] in his wayes to keep his [torn]
& to do them to wi[th]old no good from them to give
them grace here & glorie hereafter to keep them by his
prom[ised] salvation & to make them more then con-
querors over all ther spiritual enemies in a word [torn]
them all things w* Christ the greates[t] & cheifest gift
he gives freely all things & stren-[torn] y*" life of all so
that they y* are in covenant w* God through Jesus Christ
whatev-[torn]-ave been befor y"" restoration & union w*
Christ things present & things to come life deat[h]
[torn] all things are thers Yea in that covenant what
ever dutie God requires of them y* [torn] covenant w*
him he hath promised to enable them to perform so as
in the performance they may be accepted according to
the tenor of that covenant so y* its every way well or-
dered for the honor of God & of the mediator & the
happynes of penetent beleiving sinners who are in cove-
nant w* him & rest not untill you come under the bond
of that covenant that from henceforth you may be able
to take hold of that covenant & lay claim to the great &
precious promises y'^in contained which are all yea &
amen in Jesus Christ may beleive the accomplishment
of them & depend on God by faith and prayer in all
exigencies for the blessings promised & so may experi-
ence that peace & joy q""" y*' fruit of this beleiving, faith
makes things absent present & helps to rejoice in the as-
surance of the blessings promised tho not for the present
enjoyd becaus faithfuU is he that hath promised w*
whom ther is no vari[able]nes nor shaddow of changing
& y® more tender you endeavour to be in y[ou]r walk &
circumspect the more you strive ag* all sin y^ more
you endeavour to grow in grace & holynes in the use of
appointed means depending on God for the blessing the
more your interest in Christ & consequently in those well
ordered covenant will be cleared up to you. I must
break off for want of paper.
M"" Tho' Bell is chaplain to S'' John Rutherford. I
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 113
have M' George Byres your brothers brother in law
assisting me now he is a sensible judicial youth but
speaks so low y* a good many of the people complain
that they cannot hear him, which is difficulting to
me old Swinside is dead he dyed in the 92*^ year of
his age. Your brother in law M"" Chrystie & M" Chrystie
I heard are in health this morning by one who was at
Morbatle church yesterday who sayes y* the church is
still thin which I am sorrie for I hope in time it may
be better I designe if I can to see him this week. I
take it verie kindly y* you write to us. You know not
how refreshing it is for us to hear from you seeing we
have no oy"" mean[s of] conversing w* onanother then by
letter & y'for seeing I fear I shall never see your face
nor Alie[s] nor ever at all see the dear children omitt
no opportunitie of writing ordinarily when I begin
[to look] for a letter from you I get it Your mother
& I never forget you both & our dear gr[andchil]dren in
prayer night or day, & we hope you are also mindfull of
us. Please give m[e an] accomt of dear Alex""^ progress
in his learning May the Lord bless you all w* a[ll]
the blessings of y^ everlasting covenant wherein God hath
promised to be the God of penitent believers & y' seed
& then you & they shall be blest in time & forever. I am
dear son
Your most tenderly affectionat father
Alex"": Golden
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esquire
at New- York
To be left at the Sun-Goffee house
behind the Royal exchange
London
114 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Rev. James Chrystie
MoRBATTLE ^ February S^ 1726
D. B. C.
I received Alie's letter dated 6^^ of Sep"" last and like-
wise yours Dated November 20 Came to my hand last
Saturday. I heartily wish you Joy upon the addition to
your family, Tho a hint my Sister gave me in hers, of
her expecting to be delivered in a [torn] time, made me
Somewhat impatient till we should receive fur[ther]
from you; And the advice you give us of her Safe De-
livery [torn] good Nurse &c: both in your letter to your
father, & to mine & [torn] to me has given us all a deal
a Joy, and afforded us new [torn] of thankfulness to
The Almighty. I am concerned by h-[torn] that ye have
received no letter from me since that dated 8 [torn] last
year. I wrote one, dated I think in May, wherein I
ga[ve you] an account of the Birth of my Daughter Alie,
on the 8 of [torn] month. And therein likewise told you
the whole particulars relati[ve]to my Settlement at Mor-
battle; In that letter I acquainted [torn] with David
Millns Character and behaviour, which I thought [my]
self oblidged to do, with all imaginable freedom, as soon
as I [under] stood, that his motions were towards your
parts of the World [torn] now Since that letter of mine,
it Seams, is lost, I must renew what I said to you upon
that Subject. He has made a Vertuous Wife as ever a
man had, very miserable, & left 4 Children w* h[e]r in
a Desolate Condition, having wasted his Substance with
profuse & riotous living, by Drinking, gameing, and
whoreing. This is the short part of his history. I gave
you my advice that if he should come to New York, you
should by no means either entertain him in you house,
or entrust him with any affairs of yours, and that it
would be dangerous to lend him money. That if you
could putt him in some way of earning his bread for him-
self, It would be [torn] a Service done to the husband
of a near Relation of ou-[torn] is a good and Vertuous
1 Morebattle, a parish in the county of Roxburgh.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 115
woman, and deserves well at the [torn] of all her friends,
tho' indeed her husband has treated her [torn] that he
deserves no favour that is in the power of [torn] friends
to do him. I'm very apprehensive that David [torn]
has some way or other intercepted that letter of mine
[torn] it might contain Such a Character of himself as
he [torn] I think it a very Generous Action of yours,
that you [torn] him 30 Lb. & gott him Credit for 20
more, in order to his Settling up the Skinner trade. If
his misfortunes have taught him more witt and frugality,
I shall be glad of it. But I'm dreadfully suspicious, that
he who has wasted a Stock of near 2000 Lb. St: will not
be able to do great things upon 50. What oblidged him
to runn his Country, was his Debts, & when all his effects
are Seized by his Creditors, they come far short of paying
what he owes; So that the poor Wife & b[air]ns have
nothing, but what her friends give them.
I have no time now to make any return to the Re-
marks you make upon M"" Dunlop's Preface to the Con-
fession, nor do think that at this Distance, it's a Subject
I would chuse for our letters. I had ordered a Copy of
the Confess: for you from a Bookseller at London, but
there was not one to be gott there. If I knew how to
transmitt one for you from Scotland, I Should be Sure
not to neglect it, & to purchas likewise for you the 2
Volumes of Dunlops Sermons ; if they are not become as
Scarce as the other. My present Circumstances in this
parish, are very far from agreeable as you may under-
stand by the Acc*^ you have gott from Norway, & would
have known more fully, if my letter I spoke of had come
to your hand. The Bulk of the People who have fall'n
to my share to manage, are a Poor Ignorant, Self-con-
ceited kind of Creatures, who have no manner of Notion
of what belongs to real & serious Religion ; and yet fancy
themselves great & eminent Saints. You may be very
sure that I'l endeavour to manage them with all the
Sweattness & Patience that I can be master of; If pos-
sibly I may bring them in to a Better task of Religion &
a more Peaceable disposition, to maintain the Unity of
116 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
this Church; which many of them (from a Zealous pre-
tence of Strictness, for what they do not understand)
have long had a Disposition to disturb; The truth is
the greatest part of them seem to place the whole of their
Religion, in following Divisive & Separating practices.
However, Since in the Divine Providence they have
come under my care, I will (through Grace) try my hand
with th[em], & do what lies in my power. My Sarah
& the Bairns are all in Perfect health. Davie is a very
pleasant & promiseing boy, of the most Distinct thought
that ever I knew in a Child of his age. Katie is a thriv-
ing Diverting little hussie. And Alie who is yet upon the
Breast is Just in as good a Condition every way as I
could wish her. She has never had the least indisposition
in her life. Sarah & I remember you both with the great-
est affection, & we are extremely pleased with the agree-
able account you write us of your Children. The Bearer
who carries this to be putt in to the post house at Ber-
wick, Presses to be gone, & oblidges me to break off.
May the Lord be with you & bless you all. I am D. B. C.
Your most affectionate Brother
Ja: Chrystie
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esquire
at New York America
To be left at The Sunn Coffee house
Behind the Royal Exchange
London
Post Paid 4 d to London
[Postmarked:] Barwick 9
FE
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 117
From Rev. Alexander Colden
OxNAM Feb'-y Q'"" 1727
Dear son
I have yours dated Nov"" IS'**. I did exceedingly long
for a letter from you becaus I found by yours to M*"
James Christie y* your son Cadwallader was seized w'
a fever at the date of yours to him. I was not only con-
cerned to know the issue of that fever w* respect to the
child but also had fears lest that fever should have
reached others in your familie as fevers this year here
have usually done. I desire to bless the Lord who hath
dealt so graciously w* you and us in that matter y* he not
only hath been pleased in his rich grace to spare the
child & restore him to you & us I hope as a new gift and
ane answer of your prayers but also to stay his hand y*
seemd to been streatched out against you in that dis-
pensation & y* you & the mother & the rest of the dear
children wer not so much as touched w* y* fever. I hope
y* as you have received the child as a new gift from God
in his recoverie so you will devote & dedicat him anew to
God & his service & go on in using your best endeavours
in educating him & the rest for the service & honor of
ther maker & preserver
I am sorrie y* at the date of yours to me you had not
received mine Dated in September last which M'" David
Christie wrote to me he delivered in at the post office in
Edinburgh w* his own hand I wish it might not have
been in that ship you wrote was a missing
I desire also to give thanks to God for the satisfaction
you had in your contrie retirement for the health you
all except Cadwallader enjoyd while you wer ther & for
your safe return to your house in New York & respect
shown you by your freinds. God is the father of all our
mercies every good even temporal cometh down from
the father of light & then are they given us in love when
we are enabled by his grace to improve & use them in
his service & for his glorie as we are calld and as opper-
tunities are offerd to us for the same.
118 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
What you wrote of your affairs at N Y. being upon
the wheel & of your governours changing of his measures
& of the change of his min" y* will consequently follow,
I do not well understand but however it be, you should
not think it strange to meet w* changes of that na-
ture nothing hereaway but is lyable to change all
earthly enjoyments are uncertain as well as full of vexa-
tion of spirit these changes fall not out without the
wise providence of God who hath the disposal of all
things in his hands & orders all things well for the glorie
of his name & the spiritual good & sometimes temporal
also of them y* fear him & walk in his wayes. You know
not what may be in the womb of that providence & nor
what he intends to bring out of it for your & your
families good, & y^'for be carefull to take all you meet w*
whether prosperous or adverse from the hand of a good
gracious & infinitly wise God who knows what is best
for you bett-er then you can do for your selfe look
over instrument & service causes to his hand this will
help you to submission & contentation w* his will & will
be a means of restraining corruption y'' may stirr you up
to resentment guard against any motions y'' to resist
the same look to God through Christ for grace to re-
nounce your own spirit which he is ready to give to all
who in sincerity look to him by faith in prayer for it
& how sweet will it be to your soul to experience the
power of God in your heart helping you to deny selfe
to forgive injuries to do good for evel after you have ex-
perienced your own weaknes & inability for the same,
when God is pleased to strengthen you w* strength in
your soul q° you will be in a capacitie to say w* the holy
and great apostle Paul y* you can do all things & suffer
all things through Christ strengthening you and you will
find y* which was impossible before to flesh & blood
sweet & easie especially after sometimes persevering in
waiting upon God in the use of means for the same y""
are some evels especially y* of resentment of injuries y*^
are not easily cast out but by fasting & prayer
the Lord hath promised to all y^ love him & are called
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 119
according to his purpose y* all things especially afflictions
shall work together for y^ good & its y^ Lords designe in
all the various trials he is pleased to visit his own with
to accomplish his eternal purpose of making them for-
ever happy in the enjoyment of himselfe in heaven & by
y™ to purge out sin & corruption & to make y"" partakers
of y® holynes y* y'"by they may be made meet to be par-
takers of the inheritance of the saints in light, by afflic-
tions to weane them from the world by discoverie of y^
vanitie & uncertaintie of all earthly enjoyments & to give
y"" up to choose the better part y* shall never be taken
from them & to seek & set y"" affections upon the things
y* are above & not upon the things y* are below, en-
courage then yourselfe in the Lord hope in his mercie
fear his name & he will delight in you all the steps
of God in his providence are mercie & truth to them y*^
loves his covenant & his testimonies they y* fear the
Lord shall want no good nothing y* God sees good for
them & will certainly turn all y** ills of affliction to good,
will bring weal out of y^ eavil & sweet out of the bit-
ter when the godly shall come to glorie they will
bless God for all the methods of his providence towards
them in guiding them through the wildernes of this world
to the rest y*^ remains for them in another world. God
who hath done wonders for you since you left your
fathers house still remains the same good wise gracious
powrfull & faithfull God trust in him still his
love is immutable all his dispensations towards his
own how dark & gloomie soever they may seem to appear
flow from eternal & immutable love & all issue
well many are the troubles of the righteous but the
Lord dehvereth them out of them all. all the godly will
be made at last to acknowledge to the praise of free
grace y* it hath been good for them y^ they have been
afflicted & tried & that he hath chastized them not only
in righteousness but in faithfullnes & in great loving-
kindnes. sanctifyd afflictions are the broad seal of Gods
childrens adoption every son he receiveth he rebukes
& chastises if we wer sayes the apostle w*out chastis-
120 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
merit then wer we bastards & not children, cleve to the
Lord & the way of duty through Jesus Christ the alone
mediator between God & sinners cleve to him as your
all suflficient & never fading portion of your cheife
good let his favour be better to you then life y'' all
earthly enjoyment in his favour is life is comfort &
all good, if the Lord be for you, who can be against you.
Cleave to duty watch ag* sin every thing y* may displease
him while you are w* him he will be w* you & if you
be a doer of what is good who can harm you the way
of duty is not only the way of peace but of saf etie let
the Lord be your glorie & the uplifter of your heads your
defence & your salvation & then you shall not be moved,
read the Id^^ psalm & Pauls epistles for your direction
unto y^ way you should choose to walk in towards God
& man. pray for y*" loving culmination of y^ holy spirit
y* you may know the truth as it is in Jesus y* it may be
given to you to know the mightines of the Kingdome of
heaven, pray y* God by his holy spirit may write his
laws in your heart & may y'"by be powrfuU inclined &
enabled to walk in sincerity in all the ordinances & com-
mandments of God & may be kept from giving offense to
jew or gentile or to the church of God being alwise of a
humble sense of your sinfullnes of y*' power of corruption
of your danger of sining in all things in all conditions
busines & company & a sense of your own weaknes &
inability to stand befor y** temptations from w*in & from
w*out except you have fresh & new supplies of grace out
of the fullnes of y*^ mediator & y''for lean on him depend
on him continually for the same even in busines & com-
pany by ejaculatory prayer & be affrayd of grieving the
spirit lest y'"by the exciting strengthening quickning &
comforting influences be wVlrawn from your souls with-
out which you will be able to do nothing y* God calls you
to acceptably & you will be as Sampson when his hair
was cutt in him alone we have righteousnes &
strength.
I write thus becaus as I think in your last except one
to me you wrote y* both the governour & you had ene-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 121
mies. I vereyly beleive your governour still retains his
respect to you albeit he may judge it for his interest to
change his measures, your account of Sandies & Bet-
ties proficiencies in what is propper for them is very
pleasing & acceptable to us & especially y*^ the mutual
conjugal love between you & our daughter so much con-
tinues its one of y** greatest of earthly mercies in a
married life for which not only yo but we ought to be
very thankfull & y* your children are so healthy & hop-
full so far as they are come. I think y® promise q*''' is
made to y"" that fear God & walk in his wayes is made
out to you thy wife shall be as a fruitfull vine by the
sides of thy house, thy children like olive plants round
about thy table, psal 128 3
We are glad y* our sister is alive & in health & y*' you
retain hopes of her comeing to live w* you forget not
to give our sincerest love to her & thanks for all her
kindnes to you.
I wrote to you in my last y* I had been more free of
the faintish fitts & failure of spirits last summer mor
then the year befor but in the later end of September
after I wrote to you I was surprized w'^ a fitt of a ver-
tigo I continued ill for some weeks seldome but either
I had a faintishnes arising from a coldnes in my stomach
or a heavy dull pain in my forhead which made me fear
either ane apoplexie or epilepsie I consulted D"" Aber-
nethie & Doctor Cranston son to M"" Jo° Cranston min""
at Ancrum I bless the Lord I am much better then
I was tho as yet I dar hardly read but my head aches &
my spirit failes I have had & its not altogether away
a noise in my ears. notw*standing I have preacht every
Lords day once except one when James was w* me he
came up & stayd w* me 10 or 12 dayes when I was at the
worst Last week I had some return of my former
illnes upon the back of my going one day to hindhope
& baptize a child & my catechising a litle at An-
crum. I have never been the worst of preaching yet
tho I dare not take pains in studie. I may from all this
conclude y* the time of my departure out of the world
122 CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS
is at hand & that I would devote the litle tyme y* yet
remains more for the glorie of God y^ edification of my
people & familie y° the tyme past I dont in the least
doubt of your remembering me in your prayers You
may be assured y* nether you nor our daughter nor
grandchildren are ever forgot by us I am now going
on the 73^ ye[ar] of my age according to my reckon-
ing I may wonder y* I am so long continued in the
wo[rld] who have so greatly mis[spent] my time &
talents, & when he hath taken out of y® world others
who wer young at least much younger then I M""
John Davison late min"" at Langtoun is dead My Lord
Cranston was buried last Saturday. I hope I need not
desire & it may be my last desire y* in case your mother
survive me (who is often valetudenary & fails much)
you & her sister will concern your selves for her com-
fortable maintenance & will not leave her to a temptation
of adventuring to America in her old age. Your brother
is but beginning the world & hath had several things
since his admission to Whitsome <fe marriage that hath
made his circumstances straitning. I know he will be
ready to lay himselfe out to y^ utmost for his mothers
maintainance after I am gone but I fear your mother &
her daughter in law your brothers wife ther tempers may
not aggree so well together which makes me the more
earnest w* you in her behalfe your mother hath
thought of living by her selfe in case of her surviving
me your father in law M"" David Christie hath been
ill of late but he writes to me this week y* he is perfectly
recovered, no doubt he hath given you in his ane ac-
count of M'" James Christies aiBiction by ane accidental
fire q'"by his offices houses & manse wer suddenly burnd
down to y** ground when M" Christie was lying in of a
child The Lord was very gracious & merciful in pre-
serving all y"" lives especially hers Your mother & I
went & saw them wer made to give God thanks for the
submissive & thankfull frame we found y"' both in his
loss is considerably great having lost most of all his
books & all y** houshold furniture [illegible] which is
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 123
saved worth the mentioning. Your brother hath been
seeing of y™ they have the sympathie of many, I
had a letter from your brother last week y^ week
befor he was here his wife is again w* child & expects
to ly in sometime in March ther son Sandie is a pleas-
ant thriving child but cannot as yet speak ane word tho
he runs about by a hold. I doubt not of his writing to
you Nether time paper nor strength will allow me
to write more, such is my weaknes y*^ a very litle work
fatigues me. let me hear from you as frequently as pos-
sible you cannot conceive how refreshing it is to me
to have word from you, as long as I live. Now the God
of all blessing bless you our dear daughter & grandchil-
dren w' the best of blessings w^ ane union w* Jesus Christ
& sensible & strengthening communion w* God in
him May he be a father to you & them a father y*
will never die nor be absent from you y* can love you
w* another kinde & degree of love then any earthly father
can do & will never leave you nor forsake you but will
be your everlasting father your God & your seeds God &
guide unto death unto whom I committ you & them I
am D son
Your most tenderly affectionat father
Alex: Golden
Your mother gives her sincerest love to you her
daughter & grandchildren.
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esquire 5d
at New- York
to be left at the Sun-coffee house behind
the Royal exchange
pd 6
[Postmarked:] PD FE
IT
17
FE"
124 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Norman Hamilton
London March the lb'"" 1726 ^
I having A grate dissire to Here from you and your
famehe as Lickways to keep A Corruspondence with soe
near A Relation as your Spous made me Trouble you
with thes few Lins which is to Lett you know that my
wife and I are in good Health at present blessed be God
for it But it have pleassed God to deprive me of all my
Children which is A very grate aflection to us both I
understand that you have Severall fine Children which
I pray god to Bless and preserve for they are pretty Com-
forts and grate Blessens Last winter I Spent 10 weeks
in Scotland your father in Law was then in perfeckt
health I never Saw him Looke Soe well in my
Liff I went to See my Cussin M"" James Chrystie and
he would make me Stay 4 days with him at more-
batle he have 3 fin Children I think his Son David
is the prettyest and the most wittyest Child that ever I
Saw in my Life I hope in A Litle time my Cussin
will be happyly Setled he is a going to Build him A
New Mance which will be as hansom a mance as any
in that part of the Country if its acording to the Draft
that he Shewed me whill I was ther he tewke me to
See your father and mother who was then in perfect
health and they exprest a grate Daill of Satisfaction to
See me and they Shewed me a grate daill of kindnes and
would fain have me to Stay Some tim which I own my
Self indepted to them for ther Sevilety but my Bussines
Calling me Back again to Edinburgh I only Dined
ther nixt day I went for Ed"" when M'' Chrystie was
Soe kind as to Conduck me as far as Kelso wher wee
parted at M" Davidsons M"" Chrystie have made A
happy Choice of A wife for she is a verry prudent vir-
tious woman A good wife And A Loving Mother As
that I have the happines to have Some Coruspondence
1 1726/27.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 125
with your two Brothers in Law in Norriway if it is not
too mutch trouble I Should be proud to inJoy the same
from you only by having A Letter Now and then when it
Suited Best with your Convenieney to Let me know
how you and your Spous and all my Litle Coussins Does
which would Infinetly oblidge D"" S''
Your most affectionate Coussen
And most humble Ser*
Norman Hamilton
My wife and I Remember our Love to your Spous and al
our Litle Coussens and accep the Same your Self M'
Milns is here he told me of your Sevilety to him which I
hade hurde of Befor when I wass in SCotland I am
afraid that you are a grat Looser by him which I am
verry Sorry for for my unckle M"" Chrystie Shewed me a
Letter which Came from you wherin you aqwanted him
of the mony that you had Lent M"" Milns which made me
verry Sorry I knowing that he was note in any way to
pay it again
Direck for me
Norman Hamilton Wigmaker over against Bridwell
Bridge Black frayers London
[Addressed:] For Cadwallader Golden Esq""
Att New York in
America
5d
From David Chrystie, Junior, to his brother-in-law and
sister, Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
Brevig [Norway] June 9^^ 1728
Dear Brother and Sister,
I think the last letter I had from you was dated
Nov"" 10*^ 1725 Neither doe I remember if I have wrote
126 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
any to you since the receipt thereof. However I am glad
to hear of the accompts we have often f [ro]m my Father
concerning your welfair I have at present [njothing to
write to you furder than to let you know that thank
God we are all in perfect health and my Six children
are all very fine and thriving children; Hans and James
I think to send next year to Scotland to schools My
youngest Son David is litle more than an year old, to
whom my wife gave Suck her Self, As yet I have no
Appearance of any more a Coming, but I hope it s[hal]l
not be long before I have: As to our trade here now, it
has f[ai]led exceedingly. Since the fatall reduction of
Our money ^ of i[ts] former currant value, in the year
1726; A Year which wil[l] not be forgott in a long time
by all traders in thir Countries; I lost by that fatall
reduction only by my Cash, Above 200 lb sterling be-
sides what Hinderance it has Since done to my trade,
which I compute to Above 500 £ more. Our witty Coun-
cellers strive to spoill the trade in the Country when
they have it, but oy" countries strive to encourage and
Advance trade when they have none: I almost repent
my folly in SetUng my self so fast under Such a Govern-
ment as I have done And now if I would leave it I can
not, w'^out I would leave the Greatest part of my estate
behind me. I Understand from my father that you like-
wise have Six Children pray God bless them all unto
you, and you both unto them I am Dear Broy"" and
Sister
Your very affectionat Broy*" and humble Ser"
David Chrystie
P: S: One reason for my not writing to you in Such a
long time is that having wrote to you Sepf 5*^ 1725 ^ I
ever expected an answer which as yet I have not had and
do therefore think you must not have received it.
1 David Chrystie's letter of September 5, 1725, is printed in the
Collections of The New York Historical Society for 1917, 181-82.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 127
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esq""
in New York
Pensilvania
North America
To the Care of M' Norman Hamilton
at Black Friers London
[Sealed with an heraldic seal]
[Indorsed:] Re-d Nov^ 8. 1728
From Rev. Matthew Wood to Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
Ed^ June 18, 1729
Dear Cousin
Altho I have not the happiness of be[ing] acquainted
with your Husband, yet I presum to recommend the
[bea]rer M"" James Maxwel to him, to give him his best
advice and t[o] put him in a way of business: he will
understand by conversing with him [of] q* Employment
he is capable of and inclin'd to. I need not give an[y]
further account of his circumstances then what your
father [has] done in his letter which he has been pleased
to write at my desire only I have this to say, that I know
his parents an[d] have been acquainted with them these
many years, his fath[er] is a good man, and his mother
is the daughter of a worthy Minister who suffered much
on the account of his princ[iples] in the late evil times.
I should take it as a singular [torn] if the Doctor could
get him settled in some Employm[ent]
Dear Cousin my wife and I take this opportunity
[torn] the great pleasure and Satisfaction we have in
your prospe[rity] and well fare, that God has been
pleased to bless you wit[h] such an agreeable Husband
and hopeful Children and ha[s] placed you in such com-
fortable circumstances. I heartily [torn] God may con-
tinue his goodness to you; and may multiply h[is] best
blessings upon you, your worthy Husband and de-[torn]
128 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
children. My wife takes this occasion of joyning with me
in her dutiful respects to the Doctor and you. W[e
would] take it as a kindness if you would favour us w*
a letter upon [torn] I am with the greatest truth and
sincerity
Dear Cousin
Your most affectionate Cous[in]
and humble Servant
Matt: Wood
[Addressed:] M' Cadwallader Coldon
Doctor of Medicine, or
his spouse in New York
America
From Rev. James Chrystie to his brother-in-law and
sister, Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
MoRBATTLE February 9*'' 1730
B. D. C. & S. Al:
I had yours of the IS*"" of July last, and was hea-
[torn] to hear of the death of your Daughter Sarah, at
the same time I c-[torn] upon the increase of your
family by the birth of another Son.^ [torn] you gave
me of your own health, and of litle Betty's being then
und-[torn] fever, & of the sickly season you had in your
country, makes me lon[g] [torn] letter from you very
much. My wife brought me forth a little bo[y] [torn]
of December. The child was born about 4 weeks before
the time [torn] weak. He lived but four days. My wife
Designed his name after y-[torn] had no expectation of
his life, when he was baptized, we wou-[torn] the com-
pliment of a Child's Name, who appeared to be [torn]
Named him Andrew. It gives me a great deal of Pleasur-
[torn] you write frequently of the satisfaction you enjoy
1 John Golden, born May 28, 1729.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 129
in your own [torn] in your Country retreat, far from the
Hurry and Bussiness [o]f T[he] Towne. It seems Alie
does not disappoint me in making an agreeable Comrad
as well [a]s a Vertuous Wife. May you long find your
selves happy in [torn] other, and may you always have
a greater satisfaction and contentment in your own house
than any where else. I know well the peculiar pleasure
that a contented peaceable life at home never fails to
afford, and have such experience of that satisfaction
that I heartily preferr the opportunity of enjoying my
Self at my own fireside wuth my wife & Bairns, to the
best entertainment I could possibly meett with in a
Palace. I am well pleased to hear that you continue to
enjoy the advantages of your publick ofi&ces, & that you
can do that, without being obliged to plunge your Self
in the disagreeable confusions of publick Disputes ; which
keeps a mans mind in perpetual vexation & uneasiness.
But now, if you can retire for a summer from New York,
and live so long in the Country, executing your offices
by Deputies, without any disadvantage; Does it never
come in your mind, that you and Alie may make a trip
to Brittain once in your life-time, & give your friends
the plea [su] re of Seeing you both, at least once more?
I mind, Alie used some while ago to amuse us, by telling
us. That It would give her a great deal of uneasyness, if
she thought she was never to see her Father again. But
how is this to be done, unless you some time or other Sett
about it! May it please God to prolong the life of both
your Father & Mother; and of Mine; But It must be
remember'd, they are all of them now in an advanced
Age, And therefore, according to the Course of Nature,
If you expect to see them, That must be thought on
without much longer delay. And now after fifteen years
absence. Sure it is no wonder if both we, and you think
long to see one another. I must tell you, that my Sarah
& I know nothing in the World that wou'd give us so
much Joy & pleasure, as to see you and Alie here; And
we know not, what we would not give to obtain that
happiness. My dear Cad & Alie, let natural affection,
130 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
and our endeared friendship, plead for [torn] be possible.
May not your Aunt look after your family [torn] take
care of your Children, till you make this trip to [torn]
& return? Hereby you would give your Parents the de-
sireable [torn]of Seeing you once more before they die; &
I am perswaded [torn] once formed such a project. My
Brother Davie & his wife [torn] Andrew and His, would
not fail to come over from Norway [torn] you here in
Scottland. If you could but Imagine one half of the
[torn] would give to my Good Old Father, & all of us; I
dare say [torn] would not only wish that it could be ac-
complish'd but ac-[torn] -xert your Selves to the Outmost
till it were effectuate, [torn] -w So earnest for it, & so
full of the thoughts of it, that I would [torn] perswade
my Self it is not only possible & practicable, but that it
will really be brought about. If I have written of this
with more warmness, than perhaps you may think just,
you will cease to wonder, when you remember I am writ-
ing to the only two in the world, whom I am most desire-
ous to see and whom I value most. My Wife is in very
good health, & Remembers you both with the warmest af-
fection. My four Children are all of them in a most thriv-
ing condition (Blessed be God) They have all escaped
the Small pox, safe and sound, without the least mark or
blemish. Davie continues to be a very promiseing boy,
& is begunn to learn his latine to very good purpose.
Katie reads English perfectly, & both She & Alie are very
Sweet temper'd girls. Gibbie is likewise a very fine fel-
low, & gives us good Diversion with his Pratthng. They
all desire me to Remember their humble Duty to Their
Uncle [&] Aunt in America, & to Salute a[l]l their
Cousins. Your Father & Mother were here lately, in very
good health. Sarah & I design to be a night with them
next week. My Father still keeps his health very well.
The last letters we had from Norway, w'' was in the
beginning of winter, gave account that all our friends
there are very well. May The Divine Blessing always
rest upon you both & your Children, Pray write some-
thing always in particular, about each of your Bairns,
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 131
That if we cannot have the happiness to see them, we
may still be refresh 'd with some new impressions about
their Character, as their advancing in years gives occa-
sion for it. I am with the outmost Sincerity possible,
D. B. C. &D. S. A:
Your most affectionate Brother & most humble servant
Ja: Chrystie
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esquire
Att New York
To be left at The Sun coffee-house
Behind The Royal Exchange
London
p 6d to London
[Postmarked:] PD 18
FE
[Indorsed:] R-d June 10. 1730
ansd. June 17
From Rev. James Chrystie
MoRBATTLE March V 1731
D. B. C.
The last I had from you was Dated at Coldenghame
June 17. 1730, wherein you shew me from Several Con-
siderations how Impracticable it is for you & my Sister
to See us here. I own There's a great deal of Weight in
what you say, but The warm affection I have for you
both, obhges me to regrate the unhappy Situation we
are in to one another with respect to distance; and It
touches me very Sensibly, that, in answer to what I
wrote anent your [torn]-ing us in Brittain, at least once
in our hfe time [torn] much as o[ne] Wor[d] that gives
me the most [torn] I shall have the happiness [o]f see-
132 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
ing you at all. How [ever] I w[ill] drop that fond pro-
ject, at lea[s]t, for a while, tho' I will not give over
hopes, but that Matters will [t]urn about So as that
some time or other we shall meett again. Yo[u]r Saying
someting in Particular of every one of your Children, as
you did in j^our last, gives me a great deal of Satisfac-
tion, and I exceedingly rejoice to observe the promiseing
State of all your Children. May they daily continue to
give you more & more pleasure, and may never one of
them disappoint your expectations.
Tell Alie that her old comrade Ann Jamison remem-
bers her always most affectionatly, and begs she'l do her
the favour to make some enquiry about her husband,
who has been from her these several years, and in your
parts of the world. She was married to George Home a
Son of The late Laird of Wedderburn, who was bred a
Surgeon. He left her some little while after their mar-
riage, and She has never heard from him Since. If he
be alive he seems to be a very unkind husband. She was
informed that he once kept School in Spotsilvania Parish
in Germania County, Virginia; but she heard afterwards
that he design'd to leave that place and to go to South
Carolina. If ye have any Correspondence with those
parts, She begs of Alie to make all the enquiry she can ;
she writes to me that she is too well acquainted with
Alie's temper, to imagine She will grudge to take a little
pains this way, and to do in this matter what lies in her
power for her satisfaction.
Upon the 27 of last moneth, my wife (through the
Divine goodness) was Safely Dehvered of a fine lively
Girl, whom we design to name Cassie after our 2 Sisters
in Norway. Sarah seems to be in a fair way of recovery,
& intends to be nurse to her. Davie is a brisk smart boy
& a good Scholar, he learns the latine, under the instruc-
tion of a master whom I have gott here, to my intire
satisfaction. Katie and Alie read English very well, &
are both very pleasant Girls, and Gibbie is the most
agreeable Diverting boy of his age that can be. He is
presently to go to school to learn the letters. They are
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 133
all of them (blessed be God) ver>^ healthy, thriving,
promising Children, as much as I could wish.
I heard from your father 2 days ago, he is in his
ordinary health ; but I understand your mother has gott
a swelling upon her knee, w*" indisposes her a little.
Your Brother and his family were all well lately ; when I
heard from them. My Father has about 6 weeks ago
received letters both from Davie & Andrew. Davie &
his wife & 7 bairns were all perfectly well, & Andrew and
his 3 bairns, only Andrew's wife was somewhat indis-
posed. They are both in a very thriving condition in
the world, and abundantly prosperous in their bussiness.
I was sorry to hear, by your last, of the return of your
Rheumatism, But the manner in which you express the
Sense y[ou] have of the fresh prooffs that Alie gave,
upon that occasion, of her being a tender and affectionate
wife, gives me a great deal of satisfaction. May you
long be happy in one anothe[r.] My State of health
has been generally so good, (blessed be God) that [my
wife] has but Seldom had occasion to give proofs of her
affectio[n] [torn] sickness; yet upon all occasions she
proves to [torn] [a]greeable a Companion [torn] Life,
[torn] I am able hear [ til] y to Join with you in your
sen[t]iments. That the value of such a companion can
not well be expressed.
Tell Alie that our Friends at Edinburgh are all in
their ordinary. We had M"* Wood & his wife with us,
2 or 3 weeks last Summer, to our very great Satisfac-
tion. I know not if any of us have informed you before,
that my Brother Laurie being left a Widower Did in
June last Marry our Cousin Nellie Hutcheson; They
were an exceeding fond couple & had an agreeable pros-
pect of living very happily together but poor Nellie has
fallen into a Dismall condition. She has been vapourish
to a great degree these 3 or 4 Moneths past, and so much
oppressed with melancholy, that she seldom or never
Speaks one word to any body. They have still hopes
that this indisposition will go off; but at present his
condition and hers is very much to be pittyed. I believe
134 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Alie will remember that she was in this same state for
a little while, before she was first married. My Father
continues in perfect Good health; We have allways the
pleasure of seeing him once a year in our house for 2 or
3 weeks in the Summer time. Blessed be God he has a
continued condition of uninterrupted health, not only
more than any man of his age, but as much as any man
I know. Let my Dear Alie be assured I ever remember
her with an uncommon affection. Sarah joins me in her
most hearty & loving respects to you both. And in our
best wishes to all and every one of your Children. May
The Blessing of The Allmighty ever attend you and
yours. I am D. B. C. & D : Ahe
Your most affectionate Brother
Ja: Chrystie
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esquire
In New York
To be left at The Sun Coffee house
Behind the Royal Exchange
London
pd to London 6
From David Chrystie to his daughter, Mrs. Cadwallader
Golden
Her: Hos: Feb: 14 1734
My Dear Ahce
Yo" dated at Coldenghame Dec' 3 I received w* great
satisfaction on y^ first instant. I wrote to yo'" Husband on
Dec' 20 in answer to his of y^ 26^** of July q*^'' came not
to my hand till No' 6, & there was a letter w4n it from
Brigadeir Mcintosh : I shall be sorry if it have not come
to his hand. I sent yo' letter to yo' father in law
presently after I received it. you want to know how
Andrewes wife takes w* Norway; but that I cannot tell
you; for she is still at Ed'. Andrew was fully resolved
to take her w* him; but she fell into a severe ague &
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 135
a nervous fever q"^^ continued w*^ her a long time: so he
was forced to leave her, & sailled from this on y® 20'" of
October, & had a very quick passage, but was sadly
afflicted for being obliged to leave his wife behind him;
& now she cannot expect to see him till Aprile at soonest.
She is now perfectly well: & I am very hopefull she will
answer y® Character yo"" Brother James gives of her. I
wish you much joy of yo"" young Son: I am sorry you
had so hard & sore labour, but desire to bless God who
mercifully preserved both you & y® child. Yo"" Brother
James & his family are very well, you know he hath 5
children, to witt Davie, Katie, Alie, Cassie & Maj:
Cassie hath had y® small pox, but they were both few
& easie; & now she is perfectly well, y*" first 3 had them
before, so y' none wants y° but little Maj : That disease
hath been very severe here; in y® moneth of No"" 123
were buried in the Grayfriers church yard, beside those
y* were buried in Caltoun & y^ Canongate: some fami-
lies have lost 7 children, some 4 &c: Yo" 2 Nephewes
Hans & James are very well, they are 2 fine Boyes, they
keep their health very well, & wait upon their business:
they are held busie; they are learning a good hand of
writ, & at y^ high school learning latin, & they are learn-
ing to play upon y*" viol: they are very costly to their
father, he hath paid 8 lb sterling for a quarters Board,
17 shilhngs to a writing Master, & a Guinea a moneth
to him y* teaches y™ to play upon y® viol, beside y*^ high
school q"" they pay 10 shillings a quarter, so much at
Candlemass &c: but if it please y^ Lord to preserve y"^,
I hope he will think it all well bestowed. As for my
self, I dare not complain, but I am become very infirm
& weak: I am now of a great age; y^ Lord prepare me
for my great change ; but God forbid I should weary till
his good time come. Remember me very kindly to yo""
husband & all y'' 8 children whom I pray y® Lord to bless
& preserve. I am D. Alice
Yo"* most affectionate & loving father
D Chrystie
136 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esquir
In New York
America
To be left at the Sun Coffee-house
behind y'' Royall Exchange
London
[Postmarked:] FE ^
U FE
[Indorsed by Cadwallader Colden:]
R*^ May 27 1734
From Rev. James Colden
Whitsom 23 Aug: 1736
D B
I have your last which was very agreeable to me as,
by it I was informed that you and your f amilie were then
in healh, both my father and I were beginning to be
uneasie because we had heard nothing from you, since
the beginning of last winter, my father had a letter
from you about tenn days before yours came to me,
which relieved us from our anxiety. I saw M" Christy
your B"" last Tuesday and I acquainted him of yours,
and of my Sisters concern to know the occasion of her
fathers leaving Ed'; he told me he had writ you a par-
ticular account of it, but it seams the letter hath not
come to your hand, and being then in company I had
no time to get an account of it from him, but when I
was at Ed"": last I heard an indistinct account of it the
amount of which was no more than that he is very much
failed, so as he was not able to mannage the Hospital
as he had done formerly so as mannagers thought it
would be better [to] have another, he keeps his health
pretty well [but is] much more faild than my f[a]ther
who keeps hi[s healt]h much better than could be ex-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 137
pected. he was with m[e] some time this smnmer, and
tho this be 15 miles from his house he was very litle
weary with his Journey I had a letter from him
Saturday last, by a cusin of ours our uncle Rob'* son
whom we have heard nothing of this 30 years, he lives
in Ireland, and I find he is but poor he tells me my
father is very well and very hearty, he tells me that
his youngest son a taylor by trade waint from him this
Spring to see a relation of his mothers and that all he
heard from him since is that his friend was going to
Pensylvania and he suspects he will go with him if
you meet with him I make no doubt of your be friending
him. There is one M"" Jennison who is one of the Parlia-
ment men for Northumberland who is appointed your
Governour which I am very well pleased with, because
he bears a very good Character, and I hope you will be
very well with him our good friend L: Lothian hath
promised to use his interest to have you recommended
to him in the most effectual manner possible. I shal
do all I can to learn his [parti] cular Character, and if I
get any thing that way that may be of use to you [I]
shal take care to writ it with the first oppertunity my
wife keeps her he[al]th very well and my son's but the
daughters are but tender the Eldest is threate[ne]d
with some scrophelous tumors and the youngest hath
been all along a very weakly Child but is now beginning
to thrive better. My wife Joyns with me in giving our
sincerest love to you our Sister and your Children and
we desire to be dutyfully remembered to our Aunt. I
am D B"-
Your most effectionate B""
James Colden
nd
[Indorsed:] Red at N. York in Octr A— d Nov"^ 22
1736 by [torn]-r Colden to his Father &
Brother in different letters
138 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Rev. James Chrystie to his sister,
Mrs. Cadwallader C olden
MoRBATTLE September P* 1738
Dear Sister,
[Torn] [ajcceptable letter Dated Coldenghame May
5*^ came hither [torn] the 20*** of July, when [torn] I
were at Norw-[torn] complaints for my [torn] I assure
you, that [torn] tenderness of a [torn] dear Brother
[torn] expressed & I [torn]-ave ever r-[torn] him or
you [torn]-swered [torn]-r in the Spri-[torn] last I
[torn] Cad, was dated the [torn] This [torn] of Feb-
ruary [torn] gave [torn] of my Father [torn] that
[torn]-ingly Weak, & [torn] He's continued in [torn]
19 of [torn] If pleased God to [torn] dyed w-[torn]-ss,
but had been for [torn] his death [torn] was constantly
confined to [torn] frequently [torn] -at a latin verse to
this Import — I am tired of this present [h]fe, desiring
to be dissolved & to be with Christ when Christ shall
sweetly call me to die. You may be sure I would pres-
ently have advised you of his Death, but after the end
of Aprile, I had no expectation of an Opportunity of
sending a letter to you, till now. You'l be surprized no
doubt to hear that my Wife and I have been at Norway.
You must know, that it has been my purpose for many
years, that some time or other in my life I would see
my Brothers & their families in Norway; And I found
this Summer as convenient for that, as any time I could
expect. I told you in my last that I had been severely
distressed with an Ague since the end of June last year,
& that this issued in a greivous asthmatick trouble; I
said then that I was much better but these troubles re-
turned & have been about me ever since: I was advised
to forbear preaching for some time, & the Brethren of
my presbyterie were so kind as to undertake for 4
moneths supply of my Kirk, whereupon I thought I
would try how a sea voyage & change of air would do
with me; my wife & I therefore embarqued for Norway
CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS 139
in a Berwick Ship on the 26th of June last, & arrived at
My B'' Andrew's house in Moss in 7 days. All the time
I was on board I had no asthmatick trouble, but at Land
my trouble again returned. And when I was there I
tryed once & again a short voyage of 10 or 12 miles, &
still I found that upon water I had no asthma but upon
Land it returned again as formerly. This Made me take
the opportunity of a Ship my B"" had load for Lieth where
we arrived on Saturday the 12th of August; being 14
days in our passage homeward through contrary winds.
I chused the rather to return to Lieth, that I might take
the opportunity of consu[lting] Physicians at Edinburgh
about my health which I ha- [torn] through Divine
Goodness) to [torn] good purpose; [torn] -ctor Steven-
son there a [torn] great Re- [torn] -erience, who was
[torn] studying [torn] by my following [torn] which I
have now done this fortnight, ever since my return from
Edinburgh. I find (Blessed be God) a very great
change in my state of health ; for my asthmatick trouble
is very much abated & the swelling in my legs, which
The Doctor thought threatned an hydropsie, is now al-
most entirely dis- [illegible] -ussed. So that I'm hopefull
I'm in a better way for health, then I have been for these
12 moneths passed.
But to return to [torn] Norway. We went to
[Bre]vieg for a Week, whic[h] [torn] -les by Land &
12 Mile[s] [torn] from Moss. We found Sister [torn]
Children very w-[torn] son David was [torn] for the
Sea. It [torn] two fine, [torn] -en & carrying [torn]
-piness, under [torn] -ction of M'" B- [torn] -ir fathers
P-[torn] 13 years, [torn] -dinary kind, [torn] -sire, My
D- [torn] was with us; [torn] -ly. My Boy [torn] -ade
one of the [torn] saw in Nor- [torn] tell you that [torn]
Daughter to [torn] Andrew's house [torn] a fine wise
[torn] [t]emperd Girl. I know [torn] stock, but I
[torn] no Complaints, & I hope [torn] very good Cir-
cumstan[ce] only they told me that trade is at [torn]
-ry dead.
140 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Andrew seems at presen[t] to have a very good trade
having loaded this Season in conjunction with his part-
ner 14 Ships before we left him. He is industrious &
Indefatigable at Bussiness, and lives as handsomely &
in as good Credit and esteem as any in the place. We
found my Sister May lying in childbed of her third
Daughter, whom she is now giveing suck to she has 3 as
fine children as ever I did behold. Our Davie thrives
very well at Norway, and gives his Uncle & Aunt very
great Satisfaction and content. Im very hopefull he'l
bring something to pass to good purpose. We gave An-
drew and May the very greatest pleasure imaginable by
our visite, only it had one Alloy that we were obliged on
account of my health to make it shorter than either they
expected or we intended, having been in their house only
Just 3 weeks. Andrew has bought a little pleasant farm,
within the view of his own house, to which he can sail
in his boat, walk on foot, or drive in his Chaise in 10
minutes; It is a charming Spott, of exceeding sweet sit-
uation, and will (I believe) be very advantageous to him
for his conveniency of living ; He keeps 4 cows upon it,
2 horses & about 20 sheep, & has abundance of Hay for
them, and some corn now, but will have more afterwards.
His Son is at home with him, of about 10 or 11 year old,
abundantly promising & his Daughter is Still at Berwick,
carrying on her Education to very good purpose.
When I came to Edinburgh, from my travels, the first
news I mett with was the melancholly account [of] the
Death of my dear & worthy friend your Father in Law.^
I had l[eft him i]n his Ordinary: having visited him the
immediate [torn] Journey for Norway. No [do]ubt
James Your Brother [torn] an account of M"" Col[torn]
-ere now, if it has [torn] have not yet [torn] came
home; but h- [torn] house next w- [torn] to go in to
that [torn]
The account you have written to us of the marriage
of your Daughter Betty has given us a great deal of
1 Rev. Alexander Golden died June 29, 173S.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 141
Pleasure, as I observe the marriage is so much to my
Brothers satisfaction and yours. I have ever had the
greatest opinion of Betty from the character I have gott
of her. My wife and I most heartily Join in wishing you
great Joy of your Son in Law and in offering our most
affectionate respects to M"" De Lancy & her. May Their
marriage prove a happiness to them, & they [torn] Bless-
ing & comfort to each other, & to their Father and you.
[torn] kindly salute your son Alexander and all the rest
[torn] and much rejoice to [torn] they all prove [torn]
& so great comf- [torn] long hav- [torn] -uch agreeable
[torn] pleasure to S- [torn] and his [torn] Mother that
[torn] -ference [torn] they came to [torn] both of
[torn] virtuously [torn] has [torn] Dutifull Son [torn]
he has [torn] -y that know [torn] of Sister Cassie [torn]
must k- [torn] Name is Karen [torn] she ahv- [torn]
-ssie is but the abb- [torn] she call s- [torn] -id Chrys-
ties; It is no- [torn] Chrystie [torn] you Direct to her
[torn] you may [torn] M" Karen Chrystie Relict of
David Chrystie late M[erc]hant in Brevieg Norway.
Our 7 Bairns that we left behind us, were all of them
in very good health during our absence, but upon our
coming home Katie & Alie were both of them seized with
a fever, which has been very severe upon them especially
upon Alie, who is scarce well out of it yet, but it is much
abated in them both, and we hope they are in a good way
of Recovery. Blessed be God. The rest of the Bairns
are all very well
We most affectionately salute my Brother and you,
And wish you & yours all Happiness, Temporal and Eter-
nal, and may you believe me ever to be Dear Sister
Your most affectionate Brother & humble serv*
Ja: Chrystie
P. S. When I was at Norway I saw a letter to An-
drew from my B"" Cad, or you, Dated about the 5^^ of
May last.
142 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
[Addressed: M" Golden
Spouse to Cadwallader Golden Esquire
at New York. America
To be left at The Sun Goffee [house]
Behind The Royal Exchange
p* p*^ 6*^ to London
[Postmarked:] Berwick PD
[Indorsed by Gadwallader Golden:] -omendall Nov"" 10*''
1728 [sic] [torn]
March 16 1738/9 ^
my Brother James
Being in his
5S^ year
From Rev. James Colden
Berwick 7th July 1739
D B—
Yours of the 22*^ of May I received this day, which
gives me no Smale uneasyneness when I see by it, that
you have received none of mine since my fathers death.
I wrote you an account of it about fourteen days after
it happened, and I was informed the letter was deliv-
er[ed] to the Sun coffee house I wrot likewise in the
spring [a]nd sent it up by an acquaintance who wrote
me that he delivered it to the coffee house with his own
hands. how they have miscaryed is more than I can
account for. the repeating the account of our dear
fathers death gives me the greatest pain but as it is what
I know equally affects you as me I shal put my self upon
that uneassy task about December 1737 the greatest
half of his [chu]rch fell so soon as I knew it. I waynt to
him [torn] [a]sked him with all the earnestness I
[could] to come and stay with me till his Ghurch was
rebuilt, at least till the weather should be warmer but to
no purpose, for he was positive he would preach to that
1 The date of Rev. James Chrystie's death.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 143
people so long as he had strength and did preach some
very stormy days with wind and rain and some times
snow in his face, he him self said in the Spring that he
found his strength wasting very fast, tho no body could
observe it either from his looks or conversation, the
only mark of failing that was observable, was that he
could not retain his water that day he fell ill he ap-
peared in his ordinary health, only his Spirits were very
low, which being what he was accompanyed to, I did not
think much on tho I did all I could to disswade him
from going out because the day did not promise to be
fair but he would go out to see a son of M"" Young of
Cunziertown who had remaried out of his parish the
Whitsunday before he was uneasy at his house and I
Joyned with M"" Young to perswade him to stay there
all night, but to no purpose he felt uneasy by the
way home and could not keep his horse. I took hi[m]
down and he walked a litle way with the help of my arm,
but I found he inclined much to one side which when
he observed me uneasy about he told me it was nothing
but a sleeping in his leg occasioned with stirrup and said
he was refreshed with walking I helped him to his
horse and he seemed much in his ordinary till he came to
the trough opposite to Mosburn foord where on a suddan
he dropped from his horse. I lighted and took him up, he
was in a fainting fit, but in a litle time he came to him
selfe. I looked every part of him but could find no mark
of any hurt, he said he was not hurt, but that he sud-
denly fell to one sid and so from his horse I got him
in to Mosburn ford and after he ha[d] rested a litle
there I got him home. So soo[n as] he came home I
sent for M"" Cleland who ad [vised] me not to vex him
with sending for a physician that night, Seeing he was
so much against it, and he hoped he might be better by
tomorrow for he had had two such fits tomorrow, that
nig[ht] he sleeped much but very high and started
of- [torn] to morrow his tongue faltered so much that I
cou[ld] hardly know what he said I then sent [for]
a physician he continued much [the] same way till
144 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
the monday after when the [torn] in his head removed,
and he understood every th[ing] was said to him, and
expressed him self clearly enough but speaking still was
painfull he grew worse tuesday afternoon and dyed
Thursday morning about four of the Clock the 29th of
June he fell in thursday afternoon and died the next
thursday morning As I am not conscious to my self
that I omitted any thing could be done to save him so
I gave him all the respect I could at his burial. I had
all the principal gentlemen in the country attending his
burial Some years before his death he made a dis-
position of what he had to me with the burden of twelve
pound sterling to your son Alex'" my mother had six
very good silver spoons which she desired me to send to
you which I shal take care to transmite to London so
soon as you shal let me know to what hand I shal send
them the victual giving a very low price so as after
what I layd out on his funeral and payment of his debts
and what I intend to bestow on a monument for him is
deducted ther will not be another twelve pound remain-
ing but there is nothing in that as for my family I
have for some years past ben in considerable distress
with the gravil My son Cad got a hurt in his leg
which spoiled the bone and was very [trou]blesome but
I [torn] 1
I am My D B
Your most tenderly Affection [ate] Brother
James Colden
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq':
at Coldingham in
New York North America
dwt
Phi. 3: 16 Pd
[Indorsed:] Rec*^ Novr. 1739 wrott from N. York that
same time
again No^"" 18 1740
1 Concluding eleven lines torn and illegible.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 145
From Rev. James Colden
Whitsom 14*'' June 1743
D: B:
I had yours and would have an^'^ it long before this
but as I have been in a very bad state of health all this
Spring with frequent returs of a gravil cholick I did not
inchne to write till I should see if that distemper would
take any turn to the better. I have reason to bless God
I have been of late much freer of those fits but have still
such an uneasieness in my stomach that I have much
ado to take as much meet of any kind as will support
my body, which keeps me weak. The Lord hath seen
meet to afilict me with the Loss of one of my Chil-
dren I bound James an Apprentice to a shoemaker
in Ed"* where he seemed to be exceeding well both in a
M'' and M" but about a month after he was taken vio-
lently ill of a bloody flux which in a fourthnights time
caryed him off. As he was an exceeding agreable Child
in all respects and as he was unexpectedly caryed of for
his Physicians had still good hopes of him till he was so
near his end that he was gone before I got in after I got
notice of his being in hazard tho I traviled all night, my
wife was at the same time exceding ill of a feaver which
hath gone through this whole Kingdom tho blessed be
God she is now recovered. My Son George who is an
Apprentice to a Cabbinet maker at Ed"" fell ill of that
feaver the day I left Ed"" but is now pretty much recov-
ered Cads Leg looks much better than it was and he
hath his health very well the rest thrive very
well M' Rutherfords friends here take your civility
to him very kindly but he hath been misinformed as to
my fathers tomb for the parish were so far from erecting
it that they did not so much as bring home any part of
the materials but what I payd them for the inscrip-
tion is Here lyes the reverend M- Alex"" Colden, who as a
Divine, a Christian, a Minister of the Gospel, for true
piety, learning, wisedome diligence and success in gain-
ing Souls, had but few equals. He after being here and
146 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
elsewhere 55 years in the ministry died June 29 1738
aged 84: years as also Jean Hughs his Spouse who after
she had with the tenderest sympathy been partner of his
Joys & griefs for upwards of 45 years died Aprile 1731
aged 69
My letters having so often miscaryed hath exceed-
ingly vexed me because I am thereby very much de-
prived of your correspondance which I value as high as
any other earthly comfort I either have or possibly can
have my wife Joyns with me in offering our tender-
est love to you our Sister and all your Children whom I
pray God may preserve and make them true comforts
to you both we offer our Duty to my Aunt if she be
yet alive I am D: B
Your most tenderly affectionate Brother
James Golden
dwt
[Addressed:] Phi 3: 16
To Gadwallader Golden Esq"":
at New York North America to
be left at the Sun Tavern behind
the Royal Exhange London
to be forwarded by the first ship
Sailing for New York Boston or
Phyladelphia
From Andrew Chrystie to his brother-in-laiv and sister,
Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
Moss^ Ap^ 28*'' 17 [44]
Dear Brother & Sister
The last I have had from you [is of] Date Nov"^ 25*'^
1742 which arrived by post from London the 31 of Jan-
uary last year. You therein mention y*^ Receipt of
mi[ne] of April lO*** 1742. I wrote a Goppy thereof with
1 In southern Norway.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 147
some litt[le] addition of July 2P* sent by a Vessel to
Glascow, and anot[her] with an addition of Sepf 15*^
Sent by a Vessel to Plymouth. I find I have not wrote
you all last year, partly occasio[ned] by a very throng
Shipping, when the most proper [time to write] and
partly that among y^ many Ships We had there was none
Directly from London whereby I Could Sent a Letter
to t[he] Sun Coffee house, however as I can not wholly
be Excused, I beg pardon, and Shal for y** future En-
deavor to Make Ame[nds] The Ace" You give of Your
family is very agreable. W[e] Congratulate Your Son
Alexander and wish him all [the] pleasure & Content in
his Beloved wife that a Marri[ed] State Can afford. I
know not if you have heard of the Death of Our Sister
Sarah ^ at Dunbar the 4*'^ of Nov. 1742. The 7 Children
are Early Deprived of their Parent[s] We have had
no Letter from them these Several Mo[nths] By y^ Last
we had from Kattie & Alie they were Doi[ng] Pretty
well in y^ Shop Business, and y*" Younger Ones advancing
in their School, and y* M" Wood had taken Cassie to her
who for Some time has been a widow. David has been
w* Us these 3 Years and Some Month [s] he is just
goeing to Sail for Waterford in Ireland to Sell [a] Cargoe
of Deals for Us of a Ship we have fraight[ed] and as I
have Little Business for him now, he will [be] tryeing
to Do Some where for himself and Pro[bably] not return.
Our family are in perfect health. My wife Encreased
it by a Son on y« 28**' of Dec' last who is Called after Me
Andrew, a brave thriving Boy under so good a Nurse as
My wife. My Eldest Daughter is now very Usefull in
way of housekeeping, and My Son David Who Came
home in October 1742 is very Usefull in My Business, is
My present Malster, and by his Direction I Can Carry on
my Malting without any other Malt man. That affair
will I hope now Answer Pretty well as there is lately a
great Duty Laid on English Corns, And the French war
being now proclaimed [with] England, will Stop much
of the English trade, and [con]sequently y^ Import of
1 Mrs. James Chrystie.
148 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Malt will be Smal, and as we [exjpect few Ships from
England, we must fraight Norway ones and Send our
Goods over.
We have bought § pt. of a pretty Large Ship of about
250 Ton, for 4000 Dlrs or 800 £ which we Expect dayly
from Christiansand to y^ westward of this, where it was
Built, which we'll Employ Constantly in Carrying Our
Goods out. Our trade will Suffer much by [the] French
War, and it will no Doubt also Affect Your Countrey.
Our Sister Cassie at Brevieg was here last Summer with
her Daughter Ambor when She took Our Daughter Sarah
with her and will not part with her again. She and fam-
ily are all well and She Carries on her trade briskly and
makes a good hand of it, her Son Hans being now Able
to Manage all for her.
Ann her Second Daughter is to be Married to One
Ralf Boysan a Merchant in Scheen. Your last letter
Considering y*" Season of y® year arrived Soon. You
seem to fear your letter att that seasone wou'd go by
post, & be chargeable. The postage from London is
but a trifle. M"" Collet pays Franco [torn] Copenhagen
14 or 15 Pence and from thence we pay [torn] pence.
We can have a Letter from London in 16 days and y^
Charge being so Smal you may write at any time that
Opportunity offers and You May Beleive I give no
Money out with more pleasure. Altho I blame My Self
for not writing all Last Year You Cant altogether be
Excused, having wrote you [3] Letters in 1742 and have
only had yours above. Remember Us all Kindly to
Your Son Alexander [and] Spouse, Daughter De Lancy
& family and all y^ rest of y^ Children. I am Dear
Brother & Sister
Your truely Affect : broyr, and humble Servt
Andr. Chrystie
P: S David takes this along with him to forward
either from Ireland or y^ Channel where they put in.
David writes this of my Copy, being throng my self
att his going away.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 149
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esq""
Docter of Medicine
In New York
America
[Indorsed:] R-d Oct^ 23*^ 1744
From David Chrystie, son of James Chrystie, to
Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader Golden ^
Cork July 22^ 1744
Dear Uncle and Aunt
By my Uncles on the other Side, You See that I was
just Setting out for Waterford, where I arrived about 4
Weeks ago. I there Sold the Loading, and then went
for Dublin, from that to this place on Some Affairs be-
longing to Mess" Chrystie and Fuglesang, this last being
in Company with My Uncle. I return in 2 or 3 Days
to Waterford, and the Master I Came over with being
bound for France, I have some thoughts of makeing a
trip there along with him. By being Master of the
Dan[ish language] I Can easily Pass for a Dane, so am
under no [appre]hension of either French or Spanish
Priva[teers] [torn] in France. I Shall write You from
thence per f [irst] Opportunity.
Pleas make my Complements Accepta[ble] [torn]
Cousins, and Beleive Me to be Dear Uncle and A[unt]
Your most Affection [ate] Nephew and Very h[torn]
David Chrystie
P: S I have heard nothing of a long time from Scot-
land having left Norway befor the Vessels Arrived from
thence. Excuse y^ Shortness of this being just Setting
out on a Journey to Kinsale
1 Written on the same sheet as Andrew Chrystie's letter above, dated
Moss, April 28, 1744.
150 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
If you'l favour Me with a Line and Lay it under a
Cover to M"" John Collett at London, He Can always for-
ward it to Me, as I shall Take Care to Let him Know
whereabouts I am to be found.
I would be oblidged to You if You would Advise what
Encouragement a Young Man that besides Latin and
other Languages, Understands Bookkeeping, Arithme-
tick and writes a good hand, Might Expect in Your part
of the World.
Pray be as particular as possible in [one word illegi-
ble] of your family.
From Andrew Chrystie ^
Moss June [torn] [1744]
D. Broyr & Sister
The above wrott by my [torn] David is a Copy of
mine sent by Nephew [torn] to be forwarded from
Irland, whither he [torn] y^ 15 Ulto. The ship q"" of
advised to ha[ve] bought fds is now wholly ours, having
si[nce] bought y" 3d pt q* now stands in all [torn] cost,
is wind bound, w* a Cargoe of Deals for London q'' by y^
is conveyed to y^ Sunn Coffee house.
Since my last, there has nothing materiall hapned.
Trade still continuing dull & no English ships venturing
to come, on Ace" of y*^ many French Cappers att Sea.
Hans Chrystie from Brevieg was w* us 2 days since, his
Mother and all her children he left well. My wife and
all y^ children are well, and desire to be kindly remem-
bred to you all. I am D"" Broyr & Sister
Your Most Affect: Broyr & Servt
Andr. Chrystie
1 Added at the bottom of a copy of lus letter dated Moss, April 28,
1744, of which the original is printed above.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 151
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esq""
Doctor of Medicine
In New York
America
To be left att y® Sunn Coffee house
behind y* Royall Exchange London
[Sealed with an heraldic seal]
[Indorsed by Cadwallader Colden:] R-d D" 24, 1744
[Indorsed by Mrs. Cadwallader Colden:] Ans-d by my
self Janr^' 2°'^ 1744/5
Mr Colden & my self had wrott last June 2P*
From Rev. James Colden
Whitsom lb'"" Oc^' 1746
D B'
I would have wrote to you long before this but our
confusions were so great as interupted all manner of
Commerse and as I resolved to write to M"" Wadderburn
I waited till I could have an oportunity which I could
not while the Rebells prevailed seeing not only all the
officers of the Revenue but most of the considerable
gentlemen that were well affected to the Government
left this country and there was no way to know where
to find them, nor did I incline to write while our State
was so bad because I could write nothing but what must
give you uneasieness. for we were for a considerable
time in the power of our mercyless ennemies without any
means of defence and every day under the most dismal
apprehensions, and the truth is, I believe there is no
instance of a rebellion like this making such progress,
for a single company of men might with the greatest
ease have put a stop to it at the beginning seeing the
young pretender ^ landed with only seven men and was
several days landed before he could perswade any to
1 Prince Charles Edward Stuart (1720-1788).
152 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Joyn him but by some strange fatality it was at first dis-
believed and for some time despised, and when the
Government were perswaded of it, they were as far mis-
informed on the other side, and made believe they were
much stronger than they were so that no step was taken
to suppress them till all the forces who were scattered
up and down this Kingdom were gathered together who
were only three Regiments of foot and two of Irish
dragoons none of which had ever been in a batle. at
Last General Cope marched with the foot against them,
and might have engadged them on the Hill of Coryar-
rack but they having greatly the advantage of the
ground, and he being made believe that they were twice
the number they were insted of engadging them
march [ed] quite by them, tho in truth at that time they
were but a small number and more than the half of them
had no kind of wapon to fight with but sticks, and to
ad to our callamity he, as is said, for want of provisions,
in sted of marching back to keep the pass at Killicranky
where he might have keept them from coming to the
low country untill he had been reenforced, marched
north the length of Inverness by which means the low
country was left quite exposed, and their friends at lib-
erty to Joyn them on this they marched south, and
got possession of Ed"": without opposition, by what means
is still a mystery which I can write you nothing certain
about a few days after this Cope Landed the foot at
Dumbar and being Joyned by the two Regiments of
Dragoons marched for Ed"" to fight the Rebells what had
got themselves fully supplyed and came to an Action ^
with them on a Large Corn field betwixt tranent and the
Sea but it cannot be called an action seeing his men all
fled without so much as making one Charge the Dra-
goons got pretty well off but the foot were mostly either
killed or taken in so as there was not above 300 of them
that Escaped if the Rebells had come Directly for
Berwick it is probable they would have gotten it the
panic was so universal but they stayed at Ed'' six weeks
1 The Battle of Prestonpans.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 153
wayting for their friends to Joyn them and tho they
were after that Joyned with several partys from the
north yet their increase was nothing so considerable as
was expected and their stay there so long was of great
advantage for it gave the government time to get over
our Army from Sanders at last they took their march
for England and tho Gen Wade was at Newcastle with
an army considerably superiour to them yet after he had
marched half way to Carlile against them he marched
back on account of a great fall of snow by which means
they got Carlile with as much ease as they got Ed"" and
marched south the length of Derby when the Duke of
Cumberland ^ came upon them on which the marched
back for Scotland and made such spead that he could
not come up with them they marched in two bodies
and Joyned again at Glasgow where they were only 4000
men in the most miserable case that ever men were seen,
but were soon Joyned with betwixt 4 and 5000 thousand
fresh men from the Highlands the army that was at
New castle marched from New castle to Ed"" and from
thence to falkirk under the Command of Gen Haly - and
tho he lay encamped on falkirk moor within 3 miles of
them he suffered to surprise him and his whole Army
must have been cut of had not husk ^ formed four Rege-
ments of foot and repulsed the Rebells until the rest got
of and it is highly probably if the Duke of Cumberland
had not come down that action might have been attended
with fatal consequences but after his Royal Highness
came to the Army they retired over the forth in the
utmost confusion left their cannon behind them blew
up their magazin in the Church of St. Ninians with the
Church and Several people in it from that time there
happened nothing considerable till the Sixteenth of
Aprile when his Royal Highness came up with them att
Cullodden moor about two miles this Side Inverness and
totally defeated them, with a very great slaughter on
their part and a very unconsiderable loss in his own since
1 William Augustus, son of King George II.
2 Lieutenant-General Henry Hawley.
3 Major-General John Huske.
154 CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS
which time they never offered to gather again so as we
are now quite peaeable the Earle of Kihnarnock and
Lord Bahnerino were tryed and Executed Earle of
Cromarty was pardoned a great many have been tried
and condemned some executed but the greatest part or-
dered for transportation and the trials still go on. there
were not many engadged who had much to lose the most
part of them were either the Highland Clans or men of
Desperate fortunes Since I wrote you my youngest
daughter died and for this two months past I have had
a very unlucky feaver in my family all my Children
have been ill but blessed be God they are all recovered
but my Oldest daughter who is now very ill I had a
letter from Mr Wadderburn who tells me that his sister
maryed without his knowledge that he never heard from
her since but when she and her houseband made a de-
mand on him for the litle money belonging to her which
was in his hands which he remitted to her that since
he herd from you he had been at all pains to enquire
after the Childs father and would do all he could to get
you relieved of the trouble of the Child as to the
money you are to remit to me if you have not remitted
it before this you may remit it any way you think
proper and I shal be sure to send you proper security
after the English form as we hear too seldom from
one another M"" Rutherfords friends would take it well
if you would write an account of his family when you
write to me and if he would be so good as when he writes
to them to write an account of your family we would
oftener hear from one another we all Joyn in our
best wishes for you our sister and all your Children I
am D B
Your Affectionate B""
James Colden
[Addressed:] Bost. 4. 16
To Cadwallader Colden Esq""
at New- York North America to be
forwarded by the first ship either for
New York or Boston
ADDITIONAL LETTERS AND PAPERS OF
CADWALLADER GOLDEN
1720-1748
From Robert Hunter, in Eyigland
IV^ July 1720
Sir
You'll have at least as good a friend in the Gentle-
man who brings you this as it was in my power to be
to you and I doubt not but you'll deserve it from him
I beg you'll Continue to Communicate your thoughts
to me either in Natural philosophy or any thing Else
w*out reserve for they give pleasure to others as well as
my Self and let me know what progress you make in
y"' Natural history of y^ Countrey which has not as yet
been attemted
My Services to M" Colden, Command me on this
Side for I am most Sincerely
Yours
Ro: Hunter
[Addressed:] To Doctor Colden at
New York
Memorial of Cadwallader Colden, Surveyor-General,
about land in Orange County, N. Y.
[Unsigned draft in Colden's handwriting]
To the Hon^^^ Peter Schuyler Esq President of his
Majesties Council for the Province of New York & Terri-
tories thereon depend in America
The Memorial of [blank]
Humbly showeth That haveing receiv'd two warrants
from your Honour both dated the fourteenth day of this
Month One of which was to lay out two Thousand Acres
of Land for Henry Beekman & John Stoutenburgh ad-
157
158 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
joining to the Back line of William Southerland & Wil-
liam Chambers after four Hundred Acres shall be laid
out for William Chambers The other a Warrant to lay
out the said four hundred Acres bounded by the Hill
Muchattoes the line of Alexander Baird & the Land of
M" Stolard. I did in Obedience to Your Honours Di-
rections lay out the two thousand Acres according to the
Words in your honours Warr* But did not lay out the
four hundred Acres Because I had not room left me to
have regard to the Profitable and Unprofitable Acres
conformable to his Majesties Royal Instructions for ac-
cording to the Words of the Warrant it was to extend
from the Hill Muchattoes to the next Patented land
(call'd M""^ Stolards) on M"" Bairds line which distance
is one hundred and fifty nine Chains and therefor the
said four hundred Acres of land can only be twenty five
chains in breadth. And Seeing his Majesty by his Royal
Instructions has instructed me as Surveyor Gen' in soe
special a manner with the setting out of all lands to be
granted as to Direct that the Surveyor Gen' should
allways be one of three with your Honour who are
apointed to set out all lands to be granted I humbly
conceive that the Fidelity I owe to the Trust his Majesty
has placed in me requirs me not to lay out lands when
the same can not be done in my Opinion with a faithf ull
observance of his Royal Instructions and therefor I did
not make return of the four hundred acres according to
M"" Chambers' Petition being perswaded that your
Honour was not appris'd that I could not make it con-
formable to the Kings Instructions But to show my
readiness to obey Your Hon''® commands at all times I
made a speedy return of the other Warrant not doubting
but that your honour had as great a Desire to Grant
land to Henry Beekman & John Stoutenburgh as to
William Chambers
I must further inform your Hon"" that the land laid
out for Henry Beekman and John Stoutenburgh being
surrounded on all sides except one by land allready
patented is of a very irregular and inconvenient figure
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 159
and is such land as has been neglected by all that have
petition'd for land before them If I should then
seperate from such a tract four hundred Acres pick'd
& choos'd by William Chambers and for the sake of
which they are willing to pay Rent for Refuge and un-
profitable land I should doe them Injustice in rendring
the Tract more unprofitable by its more Irregular & in-
convenient shape & by its being depriv'd of its Valuable
land Or if they should leave it upon this score I must
think my self Wanting in my Duty to the King by lay-
ing out lands in such manner that noe body will pay
rent for the adjacent lands. And Indeed I cannot help
suggesting to your Hon"" that I believe the Design of
William Chambers his Petitioning after the manner he
did was in hopes to have a considerable part of his Maj-
esties land adjoining to him allways Vacant & in Com-
mon
Some Dispute haveing aris'n about the back line of
William Southerland and William Chambers I beg leave
likewise to inform your Hon"" that the words I have made
use of in the ascertaining that line are the words of their
patent That there is noe other Back line mention'd in
their patent That according to it the two back corner
trees are marked which were shown to me by William
Southerland himself That both these corners and the line
betwixt them are at a considerable Distance from the
Hill Muchattoes and that within that said line the Num-
ber of Acres granted by that patent are contain 'd and
that by large Measure. But if the Hill Muchattoes be
suppos'd the limits of the said Patent it will contain
much more than the quantity mention'd in the patent
to be granted & It will be on some sides without any
limits or boundaries But as what I doe in laying out
lands can take noe Right or Title from the preceeding
Pattents I only bound the lands to the best of my knowl-
edge & leave the Right to be determin'd by the proper
Judge This is what at present occurs to me as neces-
sary to be laid before your Hon" I pray your
160 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Hon" to believe that on all occasions it is my endeavour
to show my self ready to obey your Hon""^ Commands
New York
July 27*^ 1720
Representation of Cadwallader Golden, Surveyor-General
of the Province of New York, to Governor William
Burnet, against the Bill for Facilitating the Parti-
tion of Lands in Joint Tenancy, November, 1721 ^
[Undated, unaddressed, and unsigned draft in Colden's
handwriting]
While the Bill for Facilitateing the Partition of Lands
in joint Tenancy lay before the Council I humbly repre-
sented to your Excellency ^ the Apprehensions I had that
several Deceits were us'd by the Patentees of several
large Tracts within this Province in obtaining their Pat-
ents and are still Practised in enlargeing and extending
their bounds to the prejudice of his Majesties Interest
in his Quitrents and by which the emprovement & setling
of the Province is extremely discouraged which Patents
were granted in Joint Tenancy or are now held in joint
Tenancy by the Patentees selling undevided shares And
that the said Bill might prevent the Discovery of these
Frauds or if discovered make it difficult if not wholly
impracticable for the King to find a Remedy against
them. What I said then was only in general terms I
beg leave in this to lay some particulars before your Ex-
cellency that you may judge how well grounded these
Apprehensions were and that you may think of Proper
Methods to guard against these Deceits and abuses (if
such appear) & to recover what his Majesty has lost by
them
^This and Colden's earlier Representation of July, 1721, were trans-
mitted by Governor Burnet to the Lords of Trade with a letter dated
November 30, 1721. Doc. Rel. to Col. Hkt. of N. Y., V, 644, 650.
2 Golden's Representation was laid before the Coimcil on July 20,
1721. Journal of the Legislative Council of the Colony of New York,
I, 473.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 161
I am not able to lay before your Excellency a perfect
account of all the large Tracts held in joint Tenancy
which may fall under the Design of this Paper for they
were granted without any previous Survey and the
Grantees endeavour all they can to keep them from the
Knowledge of your Excellency & the Kings oflBcers
However I believe I shall be able to discover soe much
as may give sufficient reason to guard against such people
and may prevent their obtaining an Act which may en-
able them to hide their Deceits or facilitate their goeing
on in the like practices
First there was as I've said noe Survey previous to
the Grant of these large Tracts held in joint Tenancy
& therefor the Governour who granted them did not know
what quantity of land he did grant but was grossly im-
pos'd upon by the Patentees For their Patents either
mention noe number of Acres or a Number above a hun-
dred times less then what they claim by their boundarys
& this they think they have a right to by Virtue of the
Words Be it more or less which immediatly follow the
Quantity of Acres mentioned in their Patents The
Patent of Salisbury grants after this manner four hun-
dred Acres & the Patentees now claim about seventy
thousand for which they only pay half a Bushel of wheat
Quitrent One Lokerman likewise obtain'd a Patent
for 300 Acres By Virtue of which he now claims above
20000 Acres though These I mention are well known to
many yet I am assur'd they are not the only such nor the
most extravagant
I next observe to your Excellency that altho' this Bill
does not give the Patentees in plain terms a power of
fixing and setling such boundarys as they please for
themselves yet it will have such an effect For the Boun-
darys of these large (/ presume to call them Extrava-
gant) Patents are exprest in Indian Names of Hills
Rivers or Rivulets, which are Either wholly unknown or
known to very few Christians and which the Indians
change as often as they change their habitations
These Uncertainties which might prove difficulties to
162 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
other people the Patentees turn to their great advantage
by affixing these Names to what Hills Rivers or Rivulets
they like best This they doe while these parts are
unsetled & few or none to contradict them at least noe
body on his Majesties part to guard against such frauds
who's interest only they directly strike against By these
means these names will universally prevail & in time it
will not be possible to discover the deceit And by Virtue
of this Bill if it were enacted they would divide these
lands and take them into quiet & peaceable possession
and in time draw the whole Interest of the Country on
their side soe that any Remedy may be either Dangerous
or impracticable Now that the Patentees have really
us'd such Frauds is not only probable from the Vast &
intollerable disproportion betwixt the quantity of land
mention'd in the grant & the quantity they now claim
but likewise from the complaint of the Indians every
where that they are cheated of their land for, tho' the
bounds of the Patents are generally Express' t in the same
words with those in the deeds of Sale giv'n by the In-
dians yet these affirm that they did not sell near the
quantity which the Patentees now claim & they likewise
say that the Patentees every year claim more than they
did the years preceeding The Patent of Waywiando
extends above 50 miles in lenth & pays but a trifling
acknowledgement for such a tract yet the Patentees are
not contented with this but as I am inform'd have en-
croached 30 square miles upon the lands formerly granted
to Capt° Evans since the same was reassum'd by y*
Crown The Patent of Minisink being of noe less ex-
tent than theirs has follow'd their example & incroached
as much upon the same reassum'd lands in an other
place
M"" Faulconnier (the person who if I be rightly in-
form'd drew this Bill & us'd all his Interest to have it
pass into a Law) is a joint Tenant or tenant in common
in several extravagantly large Patents of which his share
amounts to near 400000 Acres if it doe not exceed y'
sum That I doe not magnifie or speak largely will
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 163
appear to your Excellency when I tell you only that he
has a seventh part of a Patent which by the claim of
the Patentees contains above two millions of Acres for
they extend it from within a mile or two or perhaps less
than either of Hudsons River to Delaware River (which
they call the Fishkill) above sixty miles And from that
part of Delaware River where the Southerly bounds
touch it to the head of that River which the Indians say
is near a hundred & fifty Miles in lenth And for this
Vast tract they only pay three pounds a year to the
Crown I say he is not only a joint Partner in this
but likewise in Waywiando Patent & many other large
Tracts lying in several Counties in the Province The
bounds of which Patents he has surveyed & extended at
his pleasure without any Authority from the Government
but Clandestinely & without the Knowledge of the Neigh-
bourhood. This man has found his Art soe successful
that he bought a share in a Patent for land to which
the Patentees did not know where to find the Boundarys
& therefore neglected it for about twenty years till this
year when he without any Authority from the Govern-
ment placed this in the reassum'd lands which formerly
belong'd to Capt" Evans & survey'd out to himself & the
other patentees about ten thousand of the Best of these
lands altho the patent grants only 2000 Acres He has
succeeded I say soe well and soe often in the Arts of
extending boundaries that he boldly ventur'd to put
them in practice again in this place by putting Indian
names upon certain places which were never heard of by
Christians in the neighbourhood tho they have liv'd
within 4 or 5 miles of these places nigh thirty years
I might likewise show to your Excellency how these
Methods discourage the setling & Improveing the Prov-
ince & are the only reasons why this Province tho' long
setled before its neighbours and tho it has been in some
sort their Mother is now not near soe populous or soe
well cultivated as they Many large & fine tracts of
land most conveniently scituated remain in the posses-
sion of private persons without any improvement whilst
164 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
the young people of this province are forced to look for
land in the Neighbouring provinces But this consid-
eration does not soe properly belong to my office. Nor
does it belong to me to enquire into what injustice or
Injury private persons may receive from this Bill tho' it
look in that respect very susp.
May it please your Excellency it is of very great
consequence for the Crown timely to look into the affair
of lands here I have calculated the Contents of eight
Patents according to their present claim & the best in-
formation I have of them & find that if they alone were
to pay at the rate all the lands lately patented doe that
is 2/6 for each hundred Acres the Yearly rent of them
would amount to 4176 pounds tho now they only pay 17
pounds 17sh & 6d I believe it will not be impossible
to raise from the lands of this Province a sufficient
Revenue to support the Government without doeing in-
justice to any body but a great deal of justice to the
King
Such like deceits as these I have been mentioning did
creep into all the Colonys at their first setling. they
did into Virginia & Pennsylvania but there the ill effects
of them were prevented by the timely care of the officers
& a Resurvey of the Province Indeed without a Sur-
vey of this Province it will be impossible to know what
lands are Patented and what not it will be impossible
ever to form a rent roll or to gather in the quit rents if
a rent roll were form'd for at present we are very Ig-
norant of the scituation of the several parts of the
Province
The Duty of my office I think requires me to lay
these things before your Excellency which I doe with all
submission my Duty requires of me
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 165
To Mrs. Golden
Albany Sept' 6''' 1722
My Dear
This is the third letter I have wrote to you tho' I
have receiv'd only one from you Your not writing
when soe many Sloops have arriv'd makes me very uneasy
because in yours you mention'd that the Children were
all out of order but more especially the youngest & that
you had hurt your hand much by the Splitting of a
botle You know by your self that we are apt to appre-
hend the worst in absence of those that we are extremely
concerned for I for my share cannot help fearing the
worst from your not writing & noe account (except that
of Death) could make me more uneasy I know your
Love to me makes you fond of giveing me all the agree-
able news of your self & the Children you can You are
never guilty of any Neglect what then shall I imagine
to be the reason of your neglecting soe many Oppor-
tunitys & not one of the leters from N York mention you
or my family. It will be too late now to write for I hope
we shall leave this in the beginning of next week for the
Indians have agreed to Col Spotswoods Propositions
which have delayed us soe long. I have not gone to the
Mohacs country as I designed I am in perfect good
health as all of our Company are M"" Alex"" is gone to
Esopus Remember me affectionately to the Chil-
dren I hope you'l never make me soe uneasy again
by not writing as you have done at this time I am
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Colden
[Addressed:] To M" Colden
at New York
166 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
To Archibald Kennedy, Receiver-General
[Undated, unaddressed, and unsigned copy in Colden's
handwriting]
[September, 1722 ?]
I think my self oblidged to you for the friendly man-
ner in which you desired me to give you an account of
what has been lately done with respect to the Grants of
Lands & the Quitrents thence Ariseing in this Prov-
ince In time I hope I shall be able to say something
more to your Satisfaction on that subject Ever since
I had the Office of Surveyor General I have with some
Industry searched into the State of the Grants of
Lands I have laid some abuses before the Governour
& show'd him the Difficulties the officers labour under in
Discovering others The very large Grants some of
which I made mention in a Memorial which you have
seen are such Notorious Grievances to the Country as
well as Prejudicial to the Kings Interest that we were in
hopes this Assembly would have join'd in a Law to
oblidge the Patentees of such large Tracts to employ
them to some use for the emprovement of the Country
by oblidgeing them to pay a yearly Tax towards the sup-
port of Government in Proportion to the Quantity of
Land they enjoy The Assembly seem'd at first well
enclin'd to it for not many of them had any Interest to
Oppose it & most of the Members were dissatisfied to
see Vast Tracts some of them in the most convenient
parts of the Province lying uncultivated while other
parts of the Province are Overpeopled & their young
people oblidged to carry their money out of the Province
to purchas lands in the neighbouring Colonies But
this good Design was prevented by the Art of some lead-
ing men who were chiefly concerned in those large
Tracts One Argument they used against it was that
such a certain Revenue would make the Kings officers
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 167
(who in most parts of America are distinguished from
the Country officers) too independent of the Country
After this the Governor propos'd in Council the Examin-
ing into the Grants of Lands & y^ Quitrents to which the
Council readily agreed & appointed a Committee of three
viz M'' Barberie M'" Alexander & me to examine the
records & from time to time to report to him in Council
what we shall observe as usefuU or necessary towards the
better discovering of the rents & services which are due
to his Majesty by the Grantees or Possessors of Land
within this Province & at the same time order'd me as
Surveyor General to make a Map of the several Grants
that the Governour & Council might be better enabled to
understand the Nature of the Grant. This was ordered
about three months a goe but all of us haveing been
absent upon publick business about half that time we
have not been able to make any considerable Progress
in the Work. We have begun a Book in such Form as
will make the Nature of the Several Grants best appear
& will be of great use to you for the more easy collecting
of the Rents. It is a large book & divided into so many
Parts as their are counties in the Province that all the
Grants of each County may be brought into one
Class Every folio is Divided into 5 Columns In
the first is the year in which the Grant was made & the
Governours name that made the Grant. In the second
the Patentees names. In the third the Reservations &
Quitrents In the fourth the Boundaries & number of
Acres & the last Column is left for Observations. We
have not yet gone through the Grants that are made by
the first Governour under the Duke of York & of them
we have Reported the following observations to the
Council. Many of the first Grants are under the usual
Rents of new Plantations but we are not able to discover
what certain rent is meant by those words Others are
under such Rents as his Royal Highness or the Gover-
nour for the time being shall appoint I am inform'd
that generally the Possessors of such Lands have taken
confirmations or new Grants for their Lands from the
168 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
succeeding Governours in which the Quitrents are
setled The rest of the Grants are generally under such
Rents as shall be appointed by the Laws of this Prov-
ince The Attorney General has been order'd to look
over the Laws to see if any ever has been made for that
purpose. I believe noe such law will be found for the
Possessors of those lands I am informed never pay any
Rent And some few but very large Tracts are granted
under trifling Quitrents such as a lamb if Demanded. I
hope the proceedings in this affair will be to the honour
of our Governour for he has giv'n birth to this Enquiry
& continues it in life I am sure it will be very much
to your advantage for it will enable you to give a better
account of his Majesties Rents in this Province than ever
has been done by any Receiver General bef [o]re you
In the Memorial which I presented to the Governour
a Copy of which you have seen & is now before the Lords
of Trade I set forth the prejudice that the Want of regu-
lar surveys precedent to the Grants of Lands has been
to the King and how it has so far encouraged the Pat-
entees of the Large Tracts to encroach upon the Kings
Lands that the bare recital of the Truth will hardly gain
credit with Indifferent persons. I mentioned particu-
larly the Incroachments on the Lands formerly granted
to Capt° John Evans since that Grant was Vacated & the
Lands revested in the Crown What I then knew was
only upon General Information The Governour has
since that ordered me to survey the Bounds of Evans's
Patent in order to discover the truth of what was al-
ledged By this survey I found that the Patentees of
two Grants only made by my Lord Cornbury had so far
encroached upon the Kings Lands as to take in about fifty
thousand Acres of Land more than was granted them by
their Parents These Patentees had two months
allow'd them after I had made return of that survey in
writing before the Governour in Council to show what
reasons or Evidences they had to set it aside At the
hearing of that case before the Council there was a Cloud
of Evidences against them for the King as they them-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 169
selves exprest it & ev'n they Evidences which they
brought when they were upon their Oaths declar'd soe
much against them that they pray'd that they Evidences
might not be further examin'd All which you may find
at large in the Minutes of Council Now if people be
so bold as to make such encroachments where the true
bounds can be prov'd by above an hundred liveing Evi-
dences what may we expect in other places where the
truth cannot be discover'd but by very few or perhaps by
noe liveing christian Evidence.
Upon this Occasion I must likewise enform you that
I have advanced above forty pounds in the charge of this
survey that hitherto I have nothing paid me either for
my Expences or my trouble & that I intend to Petition
the Gover in Council for his warrant to you to pay me
out of his Majesties Quitrents what charges I have been
at together with the small Sallary of fifty pounds a Year
allow'd me by order of Council or such other reward for
my time & trouble as that Board shall think proper. I
don't doubt that you think it very reasonable that such
moneys as I expend in order to advan[ce] the Quitrents
ought to be speedily payd & considering the faitigues I
[under] goe in such surveys the Danger my health is in
being often oblidge[d] to sleep in the woods far from
any house without any covering & considering the resent-
ments that I must unavoidably fall under & the Trust
that is repos'd in my office you and every body will think
I ought to have [a] suitable reward And seeing my
Services are for the Advanceing th[e] Quitrents that my
sallary ought to be paid out of that fund at least it should
not to be left entirely precarious. I know it is expected
that the Co[un]try should raise money for the Sallarys
of the officers but I think there is a Distinction necessarly
to be made betwixt offices the Country desire & those
they would give money to be rid of Mine is of the
last sort & to desire an Assembly to give the Kings sur-
veyer a Sallary would be to the same effect as to Desire
the Brewers generously to reward the Excise men &
Gaudgers when they doe their Duty To conclude I
170 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
must say it is as necessary to represent the necessity of
the Kings makeing a proper allowance to his officers to
enable them to doe their Duty as it is to represent the
Necessity of the work it self
From Mrs. John Hill
[Letter signed]
Philad'^ y^ 4*'' of y^ 2^ Month 1724
Loving Cousen
I rec*^ thy Wifes letter w**" y* Ace*' of y^ receipt of
y^ money that I Sent by Spratt ^ & his receipt inclosed
herein which I desire may be delivered to him I have
Sent by Gomez - £85. 13. 04 in cutt gold it weighed 1/9
more by other Scales I am informed that the cutt
gold will go for as much in England by y* ounce as pis-
toles so that I would have it go as it is except thou can
make any advantage in y^ Exch*" for peices of eight or
bills I writ to Send by Gomez but he left y^ Let-
ter I shall deliver his receipt to him when he Comes
I have £300 in paper money by me & expect £100 more
every day from Jos : Jones they find an easy way now
to go to the office to take up paper to pay their Silver &
Gold Debts I do not know what to do with it for I
Cant be Satisfied to put it out to Interest again here
thee was not easy that I Should purchase ground rents
but other people thought it y^ best way to Lay their
money out but now their is none to be got I desire
y^^ to give me an Ace* if y*" Jersey money will do at York
then I may be in hopes of making an Exchange. I have
rec*^ thine ^ John Moor wherein I understand thou hast
rec^ the cutt Gold according to thy Advice I have en-
quired of Clem* Plumsted who might be the best Corre-
spondent to Send to in England & he thinks John Fal-
coner he Sends to him himself & belives he will Lay
1 John Spratt. ^ David Gomez.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 171
it out to y^ best advantage because he has no goods to
Sell George Maccall was in maryland when I rec**
thine as to y® particular goods thee would have returned
thou knowest best what will do in York so cannot advice
I would have y*"*" Send me a receipt for y"" £76 in pistoles
& y® £85 in cutt gold that thee has rec*^ it upon my
proper Ace" & keep an Ace" of my Affairs by it Self.
I rec^ thine by y® Last post & am glad to hear that thy
Wife is Safe delivered & hope She & y" Child is Like to
do well I have this day rec*^ a Letter from a Man that
has married y*" Widow Painter & he writes that they
would dispose of y*" plantation but y*" Sale is hindered
by a pretence of Ralphs by a man that has bought it
from him & So has run into our Land & takes in y*' house
& Orchard with more clear Land y*"*" knows I have
given y^ an Ace" of this affair some years ago but thought
they had done w**" it Painters Last £25 is due still
& all y^ Interest I suppose they will take this ad-
vantage to keep the money in their hands I desire
y^ will take Some thought about it & Lett me know thy
mind So I Conclude thy Loveing Aunt
Elizabeth Hill
[Addressed:] For Cadwallader Colden
Physician
In New York
From Mrs. John Hill
[Letter signed]
Philad^^ y'' 30*'^ y" 2" Month 1724
Dear Cousen
I am sorry thee art like to receive dammage in thy
Affairs by my not writing last Post y^ reason was I
heard the Beaver was not arrived & I thought their was
time enough I am very well pleased in thy Resolu-
172 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
tion to Send by this Ship & I think thee has proposed a
very Suitable Cargo I dont question but thou hast
consult*^ w*^ the Shop keeper, who must be thy Chap
thy ordering Falconer to Insure is very discreet I
have inclosed y^ Superscription writ by Clem* Plumsted
& would have thee to mention that he & Maccall recom-
mend him to us which I hope will ingage him to be y^
more carefull I desire thee will give orders that the
Shalloon may Suit ye broadcloth in colour for lineing &
a pound of black Silk at least I would have half a
doz° white kid Gloves & half a doz'' p"" of y^ best lamb
& half a Doz° of black silk 2 p'' of them to be knit all
womens to be middling size which will fit my hand I
desire they may be of y^ best Sort As to Flower it
has been above 10/^ hun'* a pretty while & y® Marchants
aided to^ y Mills & purchases their so that it is raised
to 11/ & I belive it will be out of my power to purchase
any our Country People Says their Crops has not
answered as they use to do it is very Cheap in y^ West
Indies so that the disappointment wont be great. I am
very well Satisfied in thy Care in my Affairs I am
glad to hear thy Parents are well I desire thee will
remember me to them whenever thou writest as if I told
thee then particular I admire we hear nothing from
my Cousen Hill whether he is alive or dead I am glad
to hear that thy Wife is well & got abroad & of thy
Childrens health So I Conclude with my love to You
^^^ y^"^ Affectionate Aunt
Elizabeth Hill
To
John Falconer I dont care to put thee to the
Merch* in charge of letters when I have not
London business
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden
Physician
In New York 9d
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 173
To Mrs. John Hill
New York June V' 1724
Madam
The weather was so bad after I went from home that I
could not do my business so soon as I expected & there-
for did not return till late in Saturday night. My Prin-
ciple Business was at my Farm. I am now building a
small house & cellar under it My Design in this is
that I may with some comfort be able three or four times
a year to stay there a fortnight or three weeks & look
after the Work that is done or direct what I may think
proper. The Cellar is design'd for the Dairy for without
it in the Summer they cannot make & keep butter. I
am very sensible what I have lost in my not being able to
look after my Farm any time since it was first setled for
I have been very much abused by the people upon it &
at the same time I cannot willingly lay aside the thoughts
I have of emproveing it for I every day see more & more
the Uncertainty of any other Business & would willingly
secure a retreat in case of any misfortune and if no such
should happen I am convinced that the Money I lay out
this way will prove more usefull & certain or secure
to my Children then any other way I can employ it
Indeed if it should please God to spare me three or four
Years so that I may be able to employ a small sum of
money yearly in emproveing that place the thoughts of
liveing there would give me no uneasiness but the want of
a proper Education for my Children & if after that it
should please God to take me from my Wife & Children
they may live without depending upon any body
Country Diet & [torn] nor the fatigues of a Country life
which I have effectually try'd the last time I was in the
Country cannot be half so uneasy as the Uncertainty &
servile dependance in publick employments Not that
I have any thoughts or Apprehensions of looseing any
thing which I at present enjoy but it will give me much
Satisfaction in the enjoyment of them if I be once Satis-
174 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
fied that I can live without any dependance on publick
Business & if I live to see Sandy Capable of any of my
offices it would give me great pleasure to leave him in
any or all of them & retire to a private life the remain-
der of my days
I order'd my wife in my Absence to send a Copy of
my former letter to M'' Falconer & a second Bill of Load-
ing which she did by the Bever I intend to write
again by the Albany She will sail in a litle time.
After our Assembly rises which will be in the beginning
of July I shall have no business 'till the beginning of
September in which time if I can do you any Service by
waiting on you at Philadelphia I will gladly do it My
Negro man upon my Farm proves a very good laborious
carefull Slave I have a good Stock of fine horses upon
my Farm viz five large Mares two Geldings & two large
black Stallions Gallespy lost several of my Cows last
Winter & Thirty hoggs all by carelessness I hope the
man I now have will be more carefull When I went
up in the beginning of March last he had not a mouth-
full of Hay tho' he might have mowed hay close by his
door for above a hundred head & if I had not gone at
that time he had lost all my Stock which I prevented
by buying Oats & Corn for [he had] in the beginning
of Winter sold his corn. Then [torn] him off & put my
Farm under the Direction of another man as I enform'd
you formerly
My wife receiv'd a letter from Richard Hill in my
Absenc it came by a Passenger in the Bever who had for
several weeks neglected to deliver it He says he wrote
several times lately to both you & me but I can assure
you I never receiv'd a line from him from the time I sent
his money & I think you told me that you had receiv'd
none likewise I suppose he sent his letters by pas-
sengers that lost them or neglected to deliver them
He desires me to give his Duty & his sones to you I
intend to remit his Money by the first Ship that shall go
to London. I long to hear from you & to know if you
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 175
have any News of the Publick affairs of your Province
whether your Acts be passed in England I am
Your Dutyfull nephew
Cadwallader Colden
[We] are all in good health My Wife Children
D[esire] to be dutyfuUy remember'd to you
The Albany goes for Holland & is only to Stop at the
Isle of Wight so that I can only send letters by her
[Addressed:] To M" Elizabeth Hill at
Philadelphia
9d
From Robert Livingston [^to Governor Burnetf]
[Unaddressed]
Mannor Livingston y^ 17 Novemb. 1724
Hon'''^ S-^
Yours of y^ 7*^ instant was deliver'd me yesterday by
three Palatines in answer to which I shal only Say, y*
after I had So freely parted with So Considerable Tract
of Land So well Scituat upon a navigable River for y®
use of y^ Crown to Setle y^ Palatines upon and y* for a
Trifle, I never Expected to have any more trouble about
it. Gov"" hunter upon his arrival Sent for M"" Bridger
the Queens [torn] to find a Convenient Settlement for
these People, but could find no body that were wilhng
to quit their Land upon Such Terms as were Proposd,
upon w^ I not only let y® Crown have y" Land in a
manner for nothing but granted them hberty to make
use of my Pines, provided they kept 3 miles from my
Saw mills, and axed non that were fitt for to Saw Boards
of & both which articles they broak, by which means
there is Seventy thousand good Pines destroyed to my
great Losse & Damag, but I shal not trouble you with
y^ Detail of y* affair. Gov"" hunter apointed y^ Surveyors
176 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
(not I) to measure y^ Land and upon their Survey I
tamely Signed y^ Deed never questioning anything about
it, and as y*" Palatines Say now themselves y® old markd
Land would yielded y^ 6000 Acres & more, & why ther
is a new Survey made I cannot tell and Since y^ Palatines
were Jealous they had not their due, I am willing to
allow y*^ two hundred and one & thirty acres to y*" new
Survey w" you alledge is wanting, either on y^ bak side
of their Land or on y" South Side as it shall be found
most Convenient but no more, for if you Consult y^
Deed I granted them a Road from y^ Tarr woods thro our
mannor to y^ mannor house w"" had no Relation to y'*
6000 Acres, neither did Gov hunter So much as mention
of 5 Acres '^ hundred much less Insist on any Such
thing w*" was never heard of upon this River, and there-
fore Cannot allow it.
If it pleas God I live till Spring and have y'' hon"" to
wait upon you I can then Inform you how I obtaind this
mannor, how people were Caused in those days to take
up Land in So wild a wilderness & Setle it, what Charge
there was in y^ Indian Purchase y^ vast trouble and
Expence in Setling and Improving it, y^ great Losse y*
was sustaind by y^ two Sucessive Warrs, y*" Losse I have
in y® Destruction of my Pines & of y'' money I advanced
for y^ Subsistance of y*" Palatines, y^ Damage I Sustaind
by a garrison of unruly Soldiers at my house and many
oy"" Particulars. I say if people knew and would Consider
Such things, they would not be so apt to think we were
So generously dealt withall, and Envy those to have
spent 40 or 50 years [torn] was quite waste. I can as-
sure y" if M^ Golden had been here then, & if y" had
desired as much Land again as I have and would Engage
to setle it you might have had it & thanks to y® Bargain,
this is plain to Demonstration, Since those y* are next
to me have twice y^ quantity granted notwithstanding
they were not naturall born Subjects as I was. If I had
Employ d my time & industry in Trade (to w^ I was
bred) Since I came to this Country I might in all Prob-
abihty (with y"* Blessing of God) been in better Circum-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 177
stances then now I am tho I Praise God for his goodness
I have more then I deserve, and am well Satisfyd with
my Lott and Condition, but pray Pardon this Digres-
sion. I am willing to do anything y^ is fair & just, but
Since y^ Palatines brag'd, they would get So much of my
Cleard Land, alledging y^ first Survey was too Skanty,
I think in Justice they can Expect & have no more then
their measure and what there is over as I believe will be
Considerable that ought to Remain to Me y^ Right
owner, and if there be any Error Committed, it cannot
Possibly be ascribed to me who is with kindest Respects
S'
Your most obed* humble Servant
R^ Livin[gsto]n
[Indorsed:] M'' Livingstone
Warrant to Survey the Boundaries of Kakiat Paterit, in
what is now Rockland County, N. Y.
[Document signed]
By his Excellency William Burnet Esq""
Captain General and Governour in
[Burnet's Chief of the province of New York New
seal] Jersey and Territories thereon Depend-
ing in America and Vice Admiral of the
same &c.
To Cadwallader Colden Esq'' Surveyor
General of the province of New York
Att the request of Cornelius Cuyper Esq'" in behalfe of
himselfe and others. You are to Survey and Ascertain
the Division Lines of a Patent Granted to Daniel Honan
and Michael Howdon, for a Tract of Land in Orange
County bearing date the Twenty fifth day of June Anno
Dom One Thousand Six hundred and Ninety Six Re-
178 CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS
maining upon Record in the Secretarys Ofl5ce of this
Province Commonly Called or known by the Name of
Kackyacktaweke bounded on the East by Christians pat-
ented Land on the North by a Creek Called Shemea-
weckie or Peasqua which runs under a great Hill from
whence is Continued a Direct West Course untill the
west South west side of a Barren plain Called Wese-
grorap bear South thence to the west south west side
of said plain from thence thence South South east until
the said Line come to a Creek that runs into David
Marez Creek ^ to the Southward of the Land Called
Merranshaw and thence Down the said Creek to the
Christians Patented Lands And all ofl&cers Majesterial &
Ministerial are hereby directed to be aiding and assisting
to you in the Execution hereof you first giveing or Caus-
ing to be given Notice to all persons Concerned of the
time of your begining the said work Given under my
hand and Seal at Fort George in New York the Thir-
teenth day of March in the Eleventh Year of his Maj-
estys Reign Anno Dom 1724/5
W. Burnet
By his Excellencys Command
I. BoBiN D Secry
[Note on back in Colden's handwriting : ]
To John Alsop Esq one of the Deputy Surveyors of the
Province of New York
You are hereby directed to execute the within Warrant
& of what you shall do therein to [torn] hand
Cadwallader Colden
[Endorsed:]
This Warrant was Executed the twentyeth Day of May
Annoq Dom 1725 f Jn" Alsop Depty Sury
[Signed:] Cornelius Cuyper
1 David Demarest's Creek, now called Hackensack River. See Cole's
Rockland County, 139.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 179
From Mrs. John Hill
[Letter signed]
Philadelphia the 23'^ of the 2^ Month 1725
Loving Cousen
I received thine by the last Post & am very well
pleased with the person that thou hast let have the £50
for 6 Months & would have him keep it longer if he
pleases and the other £50 that Rescarick ^ is to have I
have Sent the Jersey money by y^ Post which is by cal-
culation £42.18.0 proclamation money & amounts to £50
York as to his Father in Law I reckon as little of
him as thee does I told thee in my Last I did not
Care to Change my Philad'* money into Jersey & without
thee can raise the £100 out of my goods at York I am
not wilUng to part with any money from hence upon
y* Jersey Credit without it were any Person that would
receive it here & pay y*"^ In York. Since the Death of
Bass my Fr** at Burlinton has returned his note and Says
he had been there Severall times but they always denied
him. I Spoke to Jn° Kinsey to take y^ Note & See what
he could do in the recovery of it but he says he does not
act in any Court but y^ Provinciall I am afraid thee
will lose it but if thee has a mind for it thee may Send
when y*^ writes next I am glad to hear that our rela-
tions are in health in Scotland. Poor Cousen Hill I am
afraid his affairs hath failed him & that he is under some
confinement that he doth not write to us as he used to
do I am very much concerned about him & desire
when y*'^ hears from Falconer to let me know how it is
with him So I Conclude with my Love to you all
thy affectionate
Aunt
Elizabeth Hill
[Addressed:] For Cadwallader Colden
Phisician
In New York 9d
1 George Rescarrick.
180 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Mrs. John Hill ^
Philad^^ the 13'^ of the 4*"^ Month 1725
Loving Cousen
Rec"^ thine y^ 24*'' of May with thy Wifes by Rey-
nalds I was glad to hear of thy Safe return from Con-
necticut and also of our Relations health in Scotland
I hope the warm weather will give thy Mother ease to
her arm thee tells me of putting out £50 of thy own
money out upon bond in my Name which I could not
in reason expected I hope thee will not be long out of
thy money I Should be glad to know what the Shop-
keepers owe upon my Ace" and what goods of mine re-
mains if any broadcloth I desire that care may be
taken that the moth doth not get into it and when thee
writes next to let me know what thee was out of pocket
y® first £50 that thee put out. I have Continued my care
in enquiring for a Negroe man that would Suit thy busi-
ness but cannot hear of one at present but if I Do Shall
Send thee one as for my affairs here I have money
Considerable lies by me Still & cannot See any way of
making advantage of it Flower keeps so high here
that I am dissappointed of making any returns to York
by the way of y^ West Indies I hope these will find
thee returned from plantation in health I Should
have writ before now but that postage is so chargeable
that I am not willing to give you that extraordinary
expence without I have business I think it very
Strange that we can have no particular ace* from Cousen
Hill. I have inclosed Basses note which my Fr** at Bur-
lingtown returned me at his death who says he had often
been at his house but never could come to Speak to
him this is what is needfull at present and I remain
thy Affectionate Aunt ^ tt
ii.Liz.\BETH Hill
[Addressed : ] For Cadwallader Colden
Physician
In New York
1 This and the following letters from Mrs. Hill were neither written
nor signed by her, but are in several unidentified handwritings.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 181
From Mrs. John Hill
Phila. August W [1725]
Dear Cousin
I Received thine Dated from the Plantation and was
Glad to hear you were all so well Satisfyed with your
Countrey Entertainment. I writ by Richard Moor, and
Desired him to Dehver it to thy Deputy, to be Sent to
thee According to thy Direction; I have forgot the Par-
ticulars I then wrote, but am the more Desirous to know
whether it came to hand, because it Enclosed Bass's Bill
he being Dead.
I think I told thee I was Concern'd thee had laid
out any of thy own Money upon my Account, but I hope
thee has Received it again of the Shopkeepers before
this time.
As to my Concerns here, I have been very much Dis-
appointed in my Intentions to get Returns made to
New- York ; Bread and Flower bears so high a Price here,
and the Markets in the West Indies are so very Low,
that there is no Encouragment to Send abroad. I am
Offered 100 £ in Plate (for a Debt of that value) at 7/
6d p"" Oz. our money & Desire thee will let me know the
most your Silver-Smiths will allow in your Currency.
I Received thy Letter writ at your Arrival at York
and was glad to hear you were all Safe Return'd, &
Shou'd have answered it before now but was loath to put
you to the Charge of Postage this being all at present
I Conclude with Love to you all
Your Affectionate Aunt
Eliz: Hill
Eliz : Morris & Daughter
gives their Respects to you both
[Addressed:] For Cadwalader Colden 9d
Phisitian at
New- York
these
182 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Mrs. John Hill
[1725, December ?]
[first half torn]
I writ by Richard Moore when you were at the Plan-
tation & Inclosed Basse's Note but never had any answer
in any of thy letters whether thee had received it
looking over thy & thy wife's letter concerning Cousen
Hill I find he has not writ to you nor do not understand
you have any receipt for y^ Money although y^ Master
says he delivered it in my opinion there should have
been a receipt upon y* back of y^ bill of Loading that he
returned I desire thee will let me know by this bearer
if thou hast any further satisfaction that he has received
y* money I would be glad to know of y^ Governours
good Success about Gabriel so in hast Conclude with my
Love to thee & Wife & all y^ Children thy Affectionate
Aunt
Eliz: Hill
[Addressed : ] For Cadwallader Golden
Physician
In New York
9d
From Mrs. John Hill
Philad^* the 29*^^ of Aprill 1726
Loving Cousen
I received thine in answer to that I Sent to thy Wife
& am Sorry the workman decline going on w*" y® building
& that you are deprived of y^ Comfort of an enlarge-
ment I do not know what more to Say than the Ace*
I gave thy Wife of y" Discouragements of my [torn]
what with money lying dead by me & they that have my
money in their hands are the worst of paymasters that I
can get neither Principle nor Interest so that I have not
rec^ enough to defray my yearly expence but have made
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 183
use of a £25 bond this year so that I have very poor
Incouragement here, they that are y® most Substantial!
take money up at the office. I Sent By Sam" Harrison
a white Sarcinate hood for Betty because she is a pretty
little work woman & 2 doz : & 5 Silver buttons for Sandy
by this bearer y^ Widow Willit I would have had
them cleaned at y^ Silver Smiths but I thought they
would be rubbed in carrying this is what needfuU at
pres* w*'' Love to thee, Wife & Children I Conclude
thy Aff* Aunt
Eliz: Hill
[Addressed : ] For Cadwallader Colden
Physician
In New York
From Mrs. John Hill
Philadelphia the 24^'' of IP^ Month 1726/27
Loving Cousen
I have Sent the a peice of Holland by Thomas Bum-
sted which Contains 24 Yards & Cost 5/6 f Yard they
say it will wear extraordinary well I hope Betty will
be so good a Girl as to help her Mother to make it into
Shirts for thee which is y* cheifest reason makes me
Send it.
I am very much Concerned for Tamar I hope thy
Wife will Shew her some countenance for she has enough
to go throrow to bear it & bring it up & do her other
work She is flesh & Blood as well as other Negroes
& I was afraid she would have had Children befor
now her younger Sister Abby has two & her Master
& Mistress are very kind to her & her Children thy
Wife talkt of Carrying her into the country to save
trouble but I wish she may find sufficient help there for
I always provided for her Mother the best that I could
get in y* place where I Lived.
184 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Your Cousen Dais ^ is at y^ Widow Paxtons still & I
know of no business he is in nor what he Intends to do
this is all y* Ace" I can give at present of him, so I Con-
clude with my love to thee thy Wife & Children I
remain thy Affectionate Aunt
Elizabeth Hill
[Addressed:] For Docter Golden
enquire
at the weigh house
in New York
From Mrs. Caleb Heathcote to Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
Aug* y" [torn] [1727]
Deare Mad"^
itt was with a great deal of pleasure & Sattisfaction
that I received your kind Letter of the 30 of Last Month
which not only brought me the plesing account of all your
good healths but the certainty of your being safly
dilieved of a Daughter which I had only heard of by
report till M"" Heath brought yo"" Lett[er] I am ex-
tremly rejoyced to hear you have had such a fine Lieing
in & was so soon restored to health & your Deare Lit[tle]
famely We have a good & gratious God which offen
gives us new strength when we thinke we have none &
turnes what we most fear into a great deal of Joy & hap-
piness w"'' I hope he wil[l] give you in your Little Daugh-
ter Sarah I am glad she is Lik[e] to thrive so well &
by that time we shall se the Little Strange [r] she will be
grown verey Divirting I am Mighty well pleased My
Deare Little Mis Alie keeps her health so well I promise
m[y] selfe a great deal of pleashure in her good company
when she retu[rns] plese God we Live so long he
only Knows what will become of us the season being so
extreme that many persons has dyed very sudenly with
a pain & opression in their Breast w'''* I blive comes from
1 James Daes.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 185
the voillent heat which is beyond what I ever knew
so very hott & dry & noe are nor wind to be felt in any
place I pray God santifie these warnings to us all &
fitt us for what ever he in his good pleashure designs us
for I could wish myselfe in some Little house neare
you for the childrens sake that Betty & her name Sake
might play together till this sickly time was over God
is all sufficent & will I trust preserve & keep us all
M^ Vernon returnes her kind servis & talkes of righting
you her selfe
My Daughter Mary gives you Joy of your Little one
she with the rest to Mr Golden & your good Selfe present
their humble servis as also to the Masters & Misses I
beg your aceptance of the same from me Betty re-
turns Mis her Kisses with intrest & prayes her to Kiss
the Little baby for her she bids me tell you there is
a fine Katt for you she has nurst up but fears she will
be old afore you come I shall now only beg the con-
tinewance your good prayers for us & with my sincer
wishes for you and all yours beg Leave to remain Deare
IMad""
Your most affectionate humble Ser*
Ma Heath cote
pray dont shew M"" Golden my
ill spelt letters & ill righting
[Addressed : ] For
M" Golden
att Goldegham
these
Certificate of Governor Williarn Burnet and Cadwallader
Colden about Josiah Queenby
[Undated document, signed]
We do declare as our unfeigned and sincere senti-
ments on honour that Josiah Queenby can perform what
186 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
is by him proposed to be done in the proposal annexed
to the articles of agreement between the said Queenby
& Lewis Morris Jun"" Isaak Hicks, Richard Ashfeild, &
James Alexander, & we must observe that the said
Queenby does not pretend to have discovered the per-
petual motion; nor are we to be understood to declare
that he has, nor are we to be taken as declaring that his
discovery will be of great Benefit to Mankind
W, Burnet
Cadwallader Colden
To Archibald Kennedy
[Undated and unsigned draft in Colden's handwriting]
[1727-28?]
The Discourse we had together concerning the Process
ag* Sahsbury's Patent has occasion'd much thought to
me & the more I think of it the more I apprehend the
consequences at this time That you should by the D
Auditors ^ advice given only in a transient discourse with
you order a process against a Patent by which many
thousand Acres of land are held & in a case which by its
similitude may afi'ect most of all the great grants in the
province seems to me to be very dangerous to you & to
all that shall be concern'd with you for you may ex-
pect to meet with all the ill usage that Malice can invent
& that the claimants by their Interest & power can
execute Can it be prudent in you to lay your self open
to this without being assur'd either of the Support of the
Gov* here or of our Superiours in Brittain The late
publick Transactions with Relation to the Chancer[y]
are such glaring marks of Caution to all the Officers in
this Pro[vince] [torn] our Superiours take as remarkable
1 George Glarke.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 187
steps to confirm & support the officers in their Duty as
some factious men have taken bold steps to intimidat
them it is not to be wonder'd at if for the future all the
officers in this Government act with more than their
usual Caution.
But that I may not wander from the subject which is
immediatly under our consideration I need only remind
you of what passed formerly. You know that very soon
after you came over with the Commission of Receiver
General M' Alexander then the Kings [AJttorney & I as
Surveyor Gen' of Lands obtained an Order from the Gov""
& Council to inspect the Records of all the Grants in this
Province that his Maj***' Min" might be truely inform'd
of the Quitrents & of his Majesties Interest with respect
to the lands in this Province You know how assiduous
we were in our application & how much of our time we
imploy'd in making extracts & observations & I believe
you'l think that our Diligence at that time was a princi-
pal occasion of your receiving far more Quitrents then
any of your Predecessors did in the same time The
Governm* here so far approv'd of our Proceedings & were
so much convinced of our Diligence & the Service we had
done that they thought it reasonable we should reap
some Benefit from our labour for I think the King in
no case expects that his servants should work for nothing
or that while they are advancing his Revenues they them-
selves should starve or at least suffer in their Interest
& there was the more reason that we should be in-
couraged in this affair because it was an invidious office
in this province. For these reasons the Gov"" & Council
settled small Sallaries out of the Quitrents upon us as a
standing encouragem* not only for what we had done
but likewise to proceed in our Duty. But it seems their
zeal on this occasion had exceeded its proper bounds for
upon a Representation (as is believ'd) from the D Audi-
tor these Sallaries were disaprov'd off by the L'^^ of the
Treasury. I suppose its expected that the officers of this
Gov* should be supported out of the Revenue granted by
the Assembly but how can this be hoped for in my office
188 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
the Duty of which might be prejudicial to the pri[vate]
interest of so many of y^ Members of that house This
is the only [torn] perhaps in any Gov* where an officer
was entirely left to seek for his reward & ev'n his support
from those who's Interest is that he at least neglect if
not betray his Trust & as this has been the case of all
my predecessors the effects of it have been but too evi-
dent to all that know any thing of the state of the grants
of Lands in this Province & while it remains so it will be
a heavy weight On all the Discoveries that may be ex-
pected to be made I foUow'd a very common & natural
Maxim that the most honest & surest way to estabUsh
my Credit with my Masters was to promote their In-
terest in a diligent prosecution of my Duty I thought
they would be pleased with my placeing my hopes on that
bottom tho I have been disapointed I cannot think
it owing to any thing but either the Want of Information
or a wrong information indeed if we allow it to be
not unusual for men to pursue their private Interest
ev'n in opposition to y* of the Publick it will not be
thought an unreasonable Jealousy if I suspect that the
D Auditor has not giv'n a fair representation of this case
to his Constituent for with a view to discourage us in the
Discoveries we than were about for as he is deeply con-
cern'd in the Great Tracts granted by the Lord Cornbury
he cannot be well pleas'd with any steps that may prove
prejudicial to those grants. Another reason of this Suspi-
cion is that when the Act for Partition of lands came be-
fore the Council & when I offer'd to show that Some of
the Tracts for which this act was principally intended had
manefestly encroached upon the King lands & that the
Uncertainty of their Boundaries gave almost all of them
pretences to extend their limits at their Pleasure & that
therefor it was necessary to have a clause added to the
Bill for surveying the claims & ascertaining the Bounds
before the Grantees should claim the Benefit of that Act
because if after these lands were devided & perhaps sold
in small shares to great numbers of People any endea-
vours to recover the Kings right might be attended with
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 189
many Inconveniences not one of the Council oppos'd my
Proposal till M"^ Clark did & if He can give any other
reason besides his private interest ag* a clause so appar-
ently in favour of the King, I am much mistaken And
lastly [torn] a man in the province who knows the [torn]
of the Resolves of the Assembly concerning the officers
Sallaries but believes that M"" Clark was privy to if not
a chief adviser in all the Measures which have lately been
taken to make the officers entirely dependent upon the
Assembly than which nothing could deter them more
from doing their Duty in recovering the Kings rights
At this time especially when the Proprietors of the Great
Tracts have had so great an Influence in the Assembly
[When] We Consider how successful two or 3 men
att most have been in spreading [torn] & Calumnies
thereby spiriting up many well meaning People as well
as the mob against the highest officer of the Government
in the Administration of Justice in the Support of which
every honest mans Interest is truely concern'd what
must we expect in a case where the Interest of so many
is against us & where they cannot want very popular
Arguments on their side I verily beli[eve] that no
scheme could be more effectually form'd to prevent for
ever any Inquiries into these Grants than to set us upon
this work at this time without any order from the Gov-
ernment for by that means [torn] men wou'd be under
no restraint of raising all the Clamours they could invent
to spirit up the Mob against us thereby to perswade the
Gover* that any Inquiry into the Grants of Lands is
inconsistent with the Peace of the Country so that by
following the D Auditors advice we may endanger his
Majesties Interest & justly incurr his Displeasure if we
do not fall Sacrifices to our Imprudent zeal
These reasons without adding any more I think are
sufficient to make us cautious of entring upon any meas-
ures of so great consequence more especially at this time
when every one is in Suspence about the Disputes which
have lately happen'd in the pubfick affairs & which now
ly before the L"^^ of Trade & Plantations for a Determina-
190 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
tion, but at the same time we ought to guard against any
Complaint that may be made by reason of our refusing
to follow advise My Opinion is therefore that before
you proceed you ought to write to M"" Walpole for his
Directions in this affair But before he can give proper
Directions it will be necessary that he be fully inform'd
of the Nature of the Grants that may come in Dispute
For which purpose all the Kings Officers concerned in the
Kings Lands & Rents may be order'd to inform according
to their knowledge & advise what Methods they shall
think most effectual & prudent for the Recovery of the
Kings Right. If they be order'd to give their Opinions
seperately it is possible that more may be Discover'd &
a better scheme form'd at home than can be done here
where some may too far endeavour to please & others
may be Jealous But if we proceed at any time without
having form'd some scheme whereby to regulat our
actions & without considering well all the consequences
that in any probability may happen we may run our
selves into inextricable difficulties But notwithstand-
ing of what I now write I shall allways be ready to do
the Duty of my office when I shall be regularly call'd
thereto
[Indorsed:] A Copy of Letter to M*" Kennedy
relating to breaking Salisbury's Patent
From Dr. William Douglass ^
Boston 3P' March 1729
S'
I have not had the pleasure of writting to you for
[torn] because of your distant Residence from New-
York, the conveyance as I am told being seldo[m] [torn]
uncertain in the Winter Season. I fondly embrace this
good opportunity of your man [torn] Your project of a
1 In reply to Colden's letter of which the undated draft is printed
in The Neio-York Historical Society Collections {or 1917, 271-72.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 191
Society in these Northern parts of America for improv-
ing in Arts and Scien[ces] [torn] you mean particularly
in natural History) is very desirable but not practicable.
We are too [torn] Letters and Sciences, I know but
very few in these four Governments of New EngP that
are [torn] measure qualified for Such a correspondence,
and even these few can not with the Poet say nobis
[torn] but must mind their particular business or Pro-
fessions; this thought of yours must proceed from your
being [torn] easy and happy in your retirement & otium
with a g.s., at which I sincerely rejoice; you haveing the
[torn] leisure and inclination of being servicable to your
friends by making and communicating of useful & [torn]
Speculations Observations and other improvements, I
hope I may partake of them particularly [torn] relation
to the Winds weather & other Meteorological observa-
tions.
As to the affair of distilling as practised here, it con-
tains [torn] secret, but is much better to be attained by
ocular inspection & experience than by expressions in
words. Our distillers in Boston use large square Cisterns
Sunk in the floor of the Stilhouse for fermenting their
[torn] Molasses, and very large Stills of 600 to 1000
Gallons as requiring less firewood in proportion & [torn]
greater dispatch. Your work I suppose is designed to be
small & the following directions may be suit- [torn]
Take a Wine Pipe of 110 ad 120 Gal. (continuing to use
the same Pipe because it is the bette[r] for being Sea-
soned to the business) put in 1/3 [torn] This when
you are in the cours[e] of distilling, the liquor left in the
still after the low wines are drawn off we call the re-
turned liquor, a[nd] it must have been drawn off some
time that the gross parts may Subside) with about 2/3
fair water (in cold weather & on some other occasions
they use the hot water of warm tubs) ; to this put 5 or
[torn] Gal. Molasses stir it well about (formerly they
made use of yest or some other ferment, but our dis-
tillers [torn] that Molasses does not require it) the just
quantity of Molasses is learn'd best by experience &
192 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
depend [s] much on its goodness, if too little Molasses
it ferments sluggishly and is flat, if too much, it does not
ye[ild] Spirit to advantage in proportion to the Mo-
lasses used; in 2 or 3 hours time it will begin to ferm[ent]
briskly, as the fermentation begins to flagg, add more
Molasses gradually and stir it about and so [torn] add-
ing Molasses from time to time untill it begins to sparkle
& now it is fit for the still [torn] be in 5.6 or 7 days more
or less according to the weather. It will continue Spark-
ling 6 or 7 [torn] when the sparkling is over, if it is not
put into the Still it will continually expend its Spirit
So as [torn] yeild what might have been expected (in
fermenting it matters not whether the Vessel be cov-
ere[d)] this when put into the still may be drawn
off in 6 or 7 hours, and may yield 16 Gal. proof & 12 Gal.
low wines (the low wines are distilled again) may give
4 gal. proof Spirit, is in [torn] N.B. drawing the low
wines too low gives the Rum a disagreeable stage. As
to the [torn] of proof Spirit which a quantity of Mo-
lasses may yeild, this depends upon the goodness of the
[torn] care in fermenting. M"* Green did once acciden-
tally from 1200 Gal very good rich Molasses, [torn]
Rum. Young Brown contracted with Capt Malbone
(large works) in Rhode Island, Malbone [torn] the
charge, to give him 90 Gal. proof Spirit for every 100 Gal.
Molasses, but could not make [torn] is now in trouble
for not being able to fuUfill his bargain; as a medium
they find that 100 Gal [torn] will give 85 to 90 Gal.
proof Spirit. Our distillers here when they work for the
Merchant, are at [torn] excepting Rum cash, and give
the Merch* 70 to 75 gal proof Spirit for 100 Gal. Mo-
lasses, that is [torn] 15 Gal. in the 100 for their charges
and profit. The Rum is fined down with other [torn]
According to your own sage advice, you are not to
expect [torn] much news in relation to Government
affairs. I am sorry our people have hitherto (I am
afraid much to [torn] own disadvantages as it was lately
in the affair of D' Cooks agency & the consequent ex-
planatory charter [torn] continued obstinately obstinate.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 193
His Excellencys ^ library is of excellent use (excuse the
jingle) to his frie[nds] here, for this and the Governors
other friendship to me I shall allways acknowledge your
goodness in the [torn] introduceing me to his knowledge
and acquaintance I am
Your oblidged humble serv*
WiL. Douglass
D' Golden
[Addressed:] To Gadwallader Golden
N.York
Froin Samuel Heath to Mrs. John Hill
New York J[une] [torn] 1729
Mad""
I Rece'' Yours y" 28 [th of] May f M' Armitt and
Intended to have Answer'd y" by him h[is] going
away a day sooner then he Expected disappointed
me [I] have in my Last to M"* Golden gave him an
Ace* of y"" P-[torn]-gs & Mentioned y' Letters to him as
you required. On Satu[rda]y Last I received a Letter
from M"" Golden w*** one Enclosed to [y]ou, w*"*" I have
Enclosed in mine. I should have write before to you
but Expecting an answer from M*" Golden made me Omitt
itt. w"" was Occasioned by a disorder in his Family
[torn] I suppose he has given you an Ace* of in his to
you. Mad"" I am very much oblidged to you for y"" care
In my Affair & shall Endeavour to Acknowledge itt.
Goncerning M"" Fitchs h[av]ing a years time for the pay-
ment the bill is more then [torn] will Allow You being
Sencible that I cannot be a person [torn] -able to Lett
money Lye at Interest & being Inform'd that he [torn]
made a purse makes me more Unwilling to Favour him
having Intelligence from a friend that he bought my
fro [torn] w**" an Intent to defraud me he selHng y^ Same
1 William Burnet.
194 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
with a great Loss o[n] purpose to carry the mony off
w*'* him. I shall Intire[ly] Leave that to you to doe as
you shall think convenient [and] proper Either to Give
him time or to receive y* mony [torn] be agreable to me
and shall be very thankfuU to yo[u for] serving me and
Family in this Affair I was very much [s]urprised
at y^ Receipt of M' Crows bond for I never Missed it. I
shall be very glad to hear from you if you'l be pleased
[to fa]vour me w*** a Line w'^'' is all at P'"sent with [torn]
[resp]ect as is due from Mad"*
[You]r humble Serv*
Samuel Heath
[Addressed:] For 18d
[Mrs] EUzabeth Hill
In
Philadelphia
From James Alexander
New York Decem' P' 1729
Dear Sir
Your Several Letters ^ I received Last week & also
received twenty five pounds in a Letter from Bruyn jun'
of which a £5 bill was markt Joseph Robinson on the
back & am afraid is hardly passable. I rec** also the
agreement about the Lott which M"" Wileman & I have
Signed Excepting as to the Store house which he will
write to you about & I think it will be of no use to me
to be concerned in it.
M"" Kennedy & I appointed young Hunt your
deputy ^ & his father has given bond with him as you'll
1 Colden's letters to Archibald Kennedy and James Alexander, No-
vember, 1729, are printed in N. Y. H. S. Collections for 1923, pp. 311 jf.
2 Obadiah Hunt's son as deputy to Colden as Weigh-master of the
King's Weighhouse in New York City, succeeding Samuel Heath as
deputy.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 195
find by the Advertisement in the newspaper which was
also set up at the weigh house & the Bridge, the bond I
have & will Send you if you desire it
Hunt rec" over the office by inventory from Kipping ^
of which he has given me a Coppy for you. Kippen has
a power to Sell Heaths house &c which I desired M' Hunt
to Enquire about & he only was assured of it this day
& that they are takeing underhand ways to dispose of his
goods &c. wherfore I have Lookt the books upon the
matter & Design to move the Supream Court tomorrow
for the process of the Exchequer to Seize all till the Kings
debt is paid, this will induce the wife & Kippen I believe
to give good Security for all, the Court began Last Tues-
day which occasions my brevity now
Bennet has this night Executed Lease & Release to
you for the Lott, & gladly would he have been off of the
bargain could he have found any way to be So, for he
protests the day he Signed the agreement he was offered
50 lb more & could now have it down he was much
in hopes he had got an opportunity for on Saturday I
was Oblidged to pay away £505 pounds, & this afternoon
when he came I told him that by that reason & Heaths
going I had not all the money & desired him to take
my note for a part for a few days, upon that he Said he
would have the whole or it was no bargain whereupon
I told him if I borrowed it at many hands he should have
it att 6 oclock & at 6 he came with two witnesses when
I had got the money for him paid it him & got the deeds
Signed by him & the witnesses he brought, when you
was here I told you your Aunts Lands were to be sold
the 18^" of October but then no bidders offered & So that
money's not paid the 9 lb that was to come came not
till about an hour after all was finished never was I
so much puzzled to make up a Litle money as I have
been to make this
The deeds I took the acknowledgment of & will get
them recorded in the Secretarys office & if you desire
them I will Send you them, the bounds are on the other
1 Walter Kipping (or Kippen).
196 CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS
half sheet being in a hurry & not willing to miss an
opportunity which Hunt tells he will have to send this
by to morrow I must now Conclude but my next shall
be fuller I am
Yours
Ja. Alexander
Release by W" Bennet Late of the City of New York
Bolter to Cadwallader Colden Esq'' consideration
£120 Bounds All that tract or parcell of Land Situate
Lying & being in Newburgh in the County of Ulster
upon Hudsons river being ten chains in breadth upon
Hudsons river & one hundred Chains in Length back
from the River bounded northerly by the parsons or
Ministers Land Easterly by Hudsons river & Southerly
by a Road containing one hundred acres be the Same
more or Less
dated V Deer 1729
Lease dated 29*'' Nov^
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq""
at
Coldengham
From Mrs. John Hill
Philad* y" 3P* of y" V mo 1731
Loving Cousen
I Rec** thine dated Sep* y^ 28**' 1730 wherein y* gave
me an Ace* of thy fatigueing Journey to y^ government
of Connecticut which gave me a great deal of uneasyness
Considering The Severe winter the might have to go
thorow in that Tedious Affair & I not hearing from
thee all the while y*"^ was there but when I rec** thine
of Decem"" y^ 18*^ 1730 It Confirmed my uneasyness
when y*^ gave me an Ace* of thy wifes great Illness &
weakness, but in thine of Feb'' y^ 15**^ thee gave me a
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 197
great deal of Satisfaction to hear of her recovery for
which I am very thankful! to y® Lord & desire you may
Enjoy y^ Comfort of it thee tells me thou art to re-
turn to Connecticut when thee comes from Albany I
desire thee not to fail writing to me when thee comes
to York & give me an Ace* of all your healths & how your
affairs go on upon y^ farm
It has been a very great Excerciseing time occasioned
by y^ small pox here & proved Mortall to many I
hope thee will let me hear if it reaches you how you fare.
I intend to Send Betty Colden Six pound in Jersey bills
by y^ first Safe opportunity for her care in tending her
mother so diligently & I hope She will Continue a good
Girl & mind her work. And I have made an Addition
in my last will of one hundred pound Pensylvania Cur-
rency & all my plate that I have by me which is a large
Caudiall Cup with two handles & a pint kan Cup a large
H
porring"" four Spoons all Silver marked with I E to thy
Son John Colden which is all I have to write at pres* but
Conclude with Love to thy Wife & Children thy Affect.
Aunt
Elizabeth Hill
[Addressed : ] For Cadwallader Colden 9 d
Physician
In New York
From Cadwallader Colden and his daughter, Elizabeth,
to their aunt, Mrs. John Hill
CoLDENGHAM June 29*'' 1731
Madam
I have yours with the six pound inclosed for Betty
which she has acknowledged on the other side in the best
manner she can & indeed it is not m all our power to
acknowledge your repeated kindnesses as we ought for
198 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
very few parents do for their Children as you have done
& still continue to do for us I have now been about
a fortnight at home but must go for Albany in 3 or 4
days We are all in good health but my wife con-
tinues weak longer than I expected which has been oc-
casioned by having had some fits of the Ague When
I said that my being upon the lines between this Prov-
ince & Connecticut would be of Advantage I thought
you would Understand it that I meant the Money I got
for my trouble & attendance which with some land I
have got by that means will amount I believe to 400
pounds. Indeed I have had so litle to do in my office
since this Governour ^ came till last year that I wanted
something more than common to make up what it used
to be. I have sold one half of my land in the Mohawks
Country for 250 pounds of which I have receiv'd 125
the rest to be paid in two years. M"" Bruyn - & I have
jointly built a house for a publick house at our landing ^
which we have let for the two first years for 12 pounds
a year & we hope in time it will be more Profitable
The mine that I am concern'd in had once a great ap-
pearance so that we got a tun of oar a day but that was
quickly gone however the vein continues & tho' the
Expences far exceed the Profit yet we have such good
hopes that I believe no person that knows it but would
still hazard more than we have done upon the prospect
that we have tho at last it may come to nothing M'
Alexander paid 30 pounds besides all the proportion of
Expences for an 18*^ part. But I have suffer'd most by
the man I put in the Weigh house it having been allmost
of no profit during his time I have now restored
Samuel Heath & I hope he will do well again. The
Negro Gerls Child is alive but does not thrive it cannot
stand alone & she is big again I am well with our
Governour & he shows his Inclinations to encourage me
in my offices. I have an expectation of selling the re-
1 John Montgomerie.
2 Jacobus Bruyn.
8 At what ia now Newburgh, Orange Co., N. Y.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 199
maining part of my land in the Mohawks Country for
300 pounds to some that are now on terms about it. My
Children now grow so big that I find myself under a
necessity of inlargeing my house & I intend to prepare
this winter for building next Spring. I write every thing
as particularly as I can & I must beg of you to let me
hear particularly from you as often as you can I hope
you cannot have such ill thoughts of any of us that we
do not desire to hear as frequently as possible & that you
may have a contented happy state in this world till God
shall please to call you to a better I wish we could
any way contribute to your ease & content I am
Your Dutyfull Nephew
Cadwallader Colden
Madam
I know not how to return my thanks for the kind
present you made me in your last letter to my Father for
it has made me so rich I know not what to do with all
my money With some of it I intend to buy good
books with some other to fit up a new the Sadie you
gave me & the rest wiU buy me some fine things Both
my Father & Mother say that you will be pleas'd to have
me write to you I wish I could by my attending on
your person show my gratitude to you in being Madam
Your Dutyfull Niece
Elizabeth Colden
9d
[Addressed:] To M" Elizabeth Hill 14>4
at Philadelphia 1
l5^
200 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
To Mrs. John Hill
May 2^ 1732
Madam
Having the Opportunity of the bearer passing I
would not let it slip without enforming you that we are
all in good health. We have sold our young wench &
for the same money have bought another whom we have
only had a few days but we hope from that small trial
she will please us. We have not heard from you since
that which you wrote last fall by the Carpenter that
went from this & which we did not receive till March.
My Saw Mill answers my Expectation. Tamar was
safely deliver'd of a Daughter the eighth of April both
she & the Child are well. I have a letter from the Secre-
tary to the Lords of Trade who gives a very good Char-
acter of our New Governour ^ & he hopes we shall be
happy in him I do not design to be at New York till
I hear that the Governour is arriv'd which I do not ex-
pect till about the end of this Month My Wife &
Children join all in their Duty to you I am
Madam
Your DutyfuU Nephew
Cadwallader Colden
[Addressed:] To M--« Elizabeth Hill
at the Widow Calverts in Second Street
near the Meeting House
Philadelphia
From Mrs. Cadwallader Colden to Mrs. John Hill
CoLDENGHAM Sept"' 8 — 1732
Dear Mad""
I've seen yours to my Husband which he received
at New York. I longed much to hear from you because
1 William Cosby.
CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS 201
we had heard nothing smce the account we had of the
return of your lameness which gave us much uneasi-
ness I'm glad it has now left you. We are trewly
sory to finde that you are not well pleas'd with Sandie
& Betties being sent to N. York. I'm sure had we appre-
hended it wou'd have given you the least displeasour they
had not been sent there. It is only for three Months
and we have contrived it in the saveingest manner we
could Sandie sleeps in his Fathers room in your
House and eats at the house where Bettie boards which
is one Alderman Vangilders ^ who are plain honest Civell
people A young Gentlewoman whom we have a great
regard for one Mrs. Flora Mathews Sister to Collonell
Mathews - who is our Neighbour in the Countrey has
lived at that House for severall years She is a Vertous
discreet young Gentlewoman and has a deserved good
Character from every body. She has promised to take
particular care of Bettie otherways we could not been
easy in haveing her at any other house in N. York.
Sandie and Bettie are both dutyfuU Children to us and
we have never as yet been at any expences in their Edu-
catian and I assure you Madam it is farr from our in-
tention to make a Preist of Sandie but we found him
& his Sister both desirous of haveing some improvement
in their writeing & as we are not capable of teaching that
so well as others we indulged them in that for one quar-
ter. Danceing is taught in the same house with write-
ing & but 10 shilings a quarter more if they are taught
both so we have allowed them a litle of that likeways
pewrly to make them know how to cary their body in
company and to rubb off some of the countrey air which
they have a good deal of in their cariage. It will be
some expenc to us but we will be as saveing as posible.
Bettie is to have a plain blew silk gown and no other
cloaths save ordinary calligoes she wore at home. I've
made up my seersucker gown for her which is the best
she has at presant & Sandie is to have a plain drugat sute
iHarmanus Van Gelder.
2 Vincent Mathews.
202 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
the best he has now is a sute of brown linen of my
Mother in laws huswifery which I keept unwhitened for
his Father & him. I hope when you concider the thing
you wont be displeased at it If we thought you were
we wou'd send for them directly. The Children are all
well Kattie has got two teeth & without any un-
easiness Johnie is a brisk boy & good-houmered.
Tamer I think is breeding again she lost her litle
girle when six weeks old. We have bought an other
Negro fellow of eighteen years he promiseth well so
we have now 4 Negro Men & two wenches and they all
do their bussines cheerfully & seem contented We
are going on with the addition to our house, it is now
raised & will be convenient but none of it will be finished
this year. We are extreemly oblidged to you for your
continowed kindness to us in allowing us to make use of
the rent of your House & other interest due to you, to
help us out with our expence in building The Jew
lives still at your house he never has talked of leave-
ing it he pays the rent of £20 punctualy Sandie &
Bettie was resolved to write from N. York to you but
they will be willing to have their hands improved
first If youU think fitt to honnour them with a line
from you if it is not too much trouble for you they will
be exceedingly proud of it My Husband was going
to write but it being so long since I gave you any testi-
mony of my Duty that I thought my self oblidged to
take this opportunity & it was neadless for us both to
write at once, he desires to be affectionatly remem-
bered to you I am
Your dutyfuU & affectionat Niece
Alice Golden
[Addressed:] To M" Ehzabeth Hill
at Philadelphia
N. Y. 3 dwt. 1/3
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 203
From Governor Williain Cosby
Dec^^ ye i8t 1732
There goes a Shipe to morow morning bound to Lon-
don which will make this letter to you but a very short
one, that is little more then to acknoledge y^ recept of
yours from y" hands of your son; and to asure you at
the Same time y* it gives me much Satisfaction. I will
take Care to prepare as you desire In relation to y® 4000
acars I have only read but part of y*" peapers So that you
shall heare from me some how or other off ten [torn]
desire you will goe onn In makeing all y^ [surjveys you
Cann, and this you may be asured [torn] repeat what
I assured you [torn] here [torn] [u]pon my honor I
will not [torn] home to y^ benifitt and [torn] of you
[torn] family as I am
Your [torn]
[W. C0]SBY
[torn] you nor I need talke much
[torn] people untill things are ready to
[Addressed:] To Cadw*^"" Golden Esq'
Surveor Gen" of y* lands
In y^ province of New York
[Indorsed:] Gover' Cosby
From Governor William Cosby
[Undated note, initialed]
I will look amongst your papers if you have Sent any
Instruction relateing to y^ 4000 acars the place boundry
and Situation In order to [torn] over after y^ line is
drawn and y^ limetts [be]twen y^ Countys fixed I shall
204 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
be glad to [torn] further y^ first opertunity I would
[dejsier a full expination about y^ mines that is y® most
material of all
Yours
W.C.
From Cadwallader Golden and his children, Elizabeth
and Alexander, to their aunt, Mrs. John Hill
COLDENGHAME Juue 18*'' 1733
Madam
I receiv'd yours of the 14*^ of April on Saturday
last My Waggon is gon doun this day to the landing
& expect to receive the trunk safe in the evening. We
are very sensible of your affection to us by your laying
hold of every Opportunity to show it but indeed when
we heard of this trunk from M'" Heath before we receiv'd
your letter we had conceiv'd greater hopes We hop'd
that now we had enlarg'd our house which we expect to
finish before winter that you design 'd to spend the re-
mainder of your days with us As the infirmities of
age do not permit you to go abroad much either to meet-
ing or to visit we flatter our selves that you may live as
comfortably with us as any where You can keep
cooler in summer & Warmer in winter Our Children
are of such Age & I believe some of them of such Dis-
cretion that they can & will be pleas'd to do you all the
Services you can want. I can see nothing to prevent
your being more at your ease & I hope to have more
Satisfaction than with Strangers. My desire is to have
my bones laid in this place & those that I love when
living might be near me at their long rest & I could not
have greater Satisfaction in such like Reflections than
one that has been more than a Mother to this Family
might rest in the midst of us & of our posterity. I am
often from home & cannot avoid it tho' it be very in-
convenient now while I am a building & has occasion'd
that many things are done otherwise than I would
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 205
Sandy I hope now will often supply my place abroad.
I now send him to New York to do some Business for
me which would have obliged me to have gone myself
if I could not have intrusted him with it & he will write
to you from thence. Nothing I think will prevent my
waiting on you before winter but some Accedent that
will evidently excuse me before all the world for such
a neglect of Duty Betty has shown me what she
intends to write to you. She had not the least assist-
ance or direction from me what to say & her Mother
says she had none from her I am confident you would
take such pleasure in having Betty about you & Jenny
too is very readdy & cheerfull in doing every thing. We
are all in good health My wife joins gratefully with
me <fe the Children in our duty to you Tamar was
brought to bed of a Gerl while I was at New York
The child thrives As your being with us would add
litle or no charge to us & I hope may be agreable to you
I must press my desires again & that you w^ould soon let
us know your resolution that we may prepare for bring-
ing you hither & lodgeing you conveniently We can
have a room for you either on the first floor without
going up stairs or on the second floor as you shall
choose I am
Your dutyfull Nephew
Cadwallader Colden
Since what is above was
wrote we have receiv'd the trunk
& things in good order they will
all be useful to us
Madam
My Papa receiv'd yours wherin you mentioned that
you had sent some bedding & silk for bonnets for my
Sisters & me for which we are very much oblidg'd to
you I likways thank you for the bill you was pleased
to send me I was in hopes when I heard there was a
trunk a coming that you had designed to spend your days
206 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
with us of which I should have been exceeding glad that
I might have had the pleasure to perform my duty to you
in such services as I am capable off My Brothers &
Sisters join with me in offring our duty to you I am
Your Most affectionate & dutyfuU Neice
Elizabeth Colden
New York June 24*^ 1733
Madam
My Father and Sister having wrote before me have
left little for me to say but seeing you desire it I think
it my duty to Say Something & I should not have
neglect'd writting to you after I had receiv'd your Letter
& to have acknowledg'd my thanfuUness for the present
you was pleas'd to send me had I not been oblig'd pres-
ently after the receipt of it to go upon Some Surveying
with my Father where we was all last May the returns of
which Surveys and some other buissiness is what has oc-
casion'd my coming here I cannot help mentioning
(tho' my Sister has mention'd it in her letter) the great
disapointment we all met with when my Father receiv'd
your letter for we having hear'd of the tr[unk] some time
before we receiv'd it was every one of us more [ov]er-
joy'd then the other thinking it was your things coming
by water for the ease of Carriage & that you design'd to
follow them and we are not as yet owt of hopes expect-
ing your next letter may bring us that wellcome
news I am
Your dutif uU Nephew
Alex"" Golden
[Addressed:] To M" Elizabeth Hill N Y 3 dwt:
at Philadelphia
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 207
From Governor William Cosby
[Letter signed]
Burlington Aug* y" S** 1733
S'
I had the pleasure of your Letter ; I purpose to be att
York the Latter End of this Month, and to go from
thence to Albany, and in my way I shall not fail to call
upon you
D' Golden
Your most hum' Servant
W. Cosby
To Cadwallader Golden Esq""
[Addressed:] To Gadwallader Golden Esq""
These
To Cornelius Low, Jr.,
from an unidentified correspondent
New York [blank] ^'^ Sep^ 1733
M"" Gornelius Low Jun''
S^
Yours of the 28'" ultimo I have received, and observe
what you say, that you had received Gopy of that Paper
which you had Lent me, and that it seems Strange to you
that I could not find the original, to return it, but that I
could find it to take a copy, and that you Expect it back
by some means or other since you say you want it, in
Answer thereupon I must acquaint you, that about the
middle of Sep"" Last when I was at your House you did
Let me take a Gopy of the Original, which Gopy when I
went to Philadelphia I left here, and some time after my
return from thence, you came here and ask'd me for't,
with the draught of some Lands in Jersey, which draught
208 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
I returned you the next day, and then told you I had
mislaid the Note, that could not find it, whereupon you
desired when I should find it to send it you. it's I be-
lieve better than two Months agoe, that M*" Gouverneur
ask'd me for't, but as I could not find it I thought it
would be best to send you a Copy of y* original taken at
your House and as I had not heard of you since made
me conclude that the Copy had fully Sattisfied you and
as for your Expecting of it back by some means or other,
since you say you want it, surprizes me, can I Send you
the original when it's not to be found and before I find
it I can't send it, and I can't see what reason you can
have why y^ Copy can't doe you the same Service. I
wonder that you should write in such a streneous Man-
ner, that if I should not send you back the paper, it might
be a Means of separating of our friendship, which I am
surprized you would offer to say upon so Slight an occa-
sion. I assure you my friendship for you has always
been so firm, that nothing of this Kind should so much
as occasion me to Imagine any thing that should in y^
last tend to a Breach of friendship, in my return from
Philadelph** I wrote M"" Sonmans ^ from Elizabeths Point
ye 25*" of March Last, and acquainted him that I be-
lieved he must have heard, that M"" De Wit & myself had
made a purchase of the Lands by him Mortgaged in
1705, wherein I told him that I was surprized to find that
he had Sold Land to Oosterland & Keyser - in 1703,
mortgaged part of said Land in 1705, and in 1707, Cap*
Longfield ^ sells to Leendert Smack ^ part of said Land,
which I took out of the records, at Amboy y® middle of
Last Septem'". I desired M'' Sonmans in my Letter, to
send me an answer by the first opportunity, and to let
me know w""" way he could propose to discharge the Mort-
gage, and I desired him not to neglect it for fear it
should take rent and be a prejudice to his Caracter upon
1 Peter Sonmans.
2 Jacob Osterland and John Keyser. A^. J. Archives, 1st ser., XXL
538.
3 Cornelius Longfield.
* Leendert Smock.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 209
which Letter he never thought fit to make me an answer
in writing. About y^ 18*'' of Last Aprill I met him at
Amboy, and ask'd him if he had not received my letter
whereupon he could hardly answer me, immediately
after I begun to discourse him about y** Mortgage, and
told him that it was very strange, that he should Mort-
gage Lands w^'' he had Sold and sell Lands w''^' were
Mortgaged, whereon after some discourse he gave me an
Evading answer, telling me that I did not understand y^
bounds of the Land (fee. inclosed you have the bounds
of the Land w*"" M"* Longfield sold to Smack, and find by
the Courses it to be part of the Land that is Mortgaged.
I was Likewise about the middle of JF Last at M"" Long-
field's and discoursed him about it, who told me that
upon the perswasion of M"" Coenraats he had made it over
to Smack, and that M"" Sonmans had made it over to him,
but that he was very uneasy about it for he said he was
affraid he should be call'd to an Account for't one time or
other, and that he was affraid he should be ruined one
time or other by P. Sonmans
From Frederick Morris
the 27**^ Oct' 1733
S'
I have had the favour of y""^ and herewith Send y" by
Capt° Butler the boundaryes of pensilvania patent & of
the Duke of York's Grant, the Warr'^ of Survey for
Robins Island was dated the 10*^ March 1732 & the
Names made use of are Charles Williams & Fred*" Mor-
ris I have drawn a draft of y^ Deed from M'' Heath to
you & according to your directions left it w**" M"" Alex-
ander for his perusall w'''' as soon as I receive Shall be
ingrost & gott executed & acknowledged this or any-
thing else in w'^'' I co'd be of any Service I Sho'd allways
be proud of the opportunity of Doing Capt° Butler
carryes w*'' him five Warr*^ of Survey for Land up the
210 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Mohawks river for y® execution of w'^'' he will acquaint
you that M"" Collins ^ is desired to be deputed
As to the Warrant of Survey in w*'^ M"" Heath & I
are concerned I have received the Gov" pleasure upon it
& have his ord"" to acquaint you that he is determined
not to give to M"" Hazard any Grant for any lands any-
where in the province for that Gent instead of entitling
himself to the Gov" favour by an oblidgeing & respectf uU
address has Shewn Such an air of indifference as if the
thing mov'd for was So light and inconsiderable in itself
as not to be worth his asking & his expressions & de-
portm* when w*^ the Gov"" attended w**" Such a degree of
ill manners as wo'd misbecome him to offer even to his
Equalls much less to one So much Superior to him where-
fore the Gov"" is far from thinking him anyway entitled
to any favour of his When M"" Hazard was acquainted
with what he ought to expect (w"" was Sometime in the
Winter of 1731 a time when I had no thoughts at all of
petitioning for Lands an5rwhere in the bounds of Capt"
Evans' patent) I then told him he had better comply
than loose the benefitt of whatever Expenses he allready
had been at & if he refused he might depend that Some-
body else wo'd but he Said he wo'd rather chuse to loose
the benefitt of the Expenses he had been at than comply
w*^ the offer made him he not having Stirr'd himself in
y* affair 'till after he had heard of our pef" w'^^ was not
exhibited 'till y® latter end of Aug* last I might well
think he had no intentions at ail of taking any further
Steps & especially after the notice w*"*" he had from me &
the length of time elapsed Since the giving of that Notice
& before our petitioning I only write this much to
obviate any pretensions of his to any unfairness in our
proceeding But be the matter as it will he may rest
assured the Gov'' will not give him any Grant for any
lands for the reasons I have allready mention'd
Wherefore I hope that we may in sometime Such as will
be most Suitable to y" receive y"" return upon our Warr*
1 Edward Collius.
CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS 211
of Survey & hope to be able to make a grateful return
w*''' Shall allways be shewn by him who w^'' Respect Is
S^
Y' most obed* h*'^^ Serv*
Fred'' Morris
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esq""
Surveyor Generall of the province of
New York &c.
To James Alexander
[Unsigned copy in Cadwallader Golden 's handwriting]
CoLDENGHAM Fcb^^ IV" 1733/4
S'
When Burt & some others of the Ridgefield people
were last with me at my house I thought that I had
made them understand the case of Ridgefield's wanting
of the Quantity of Land suppos'd to be released to them &
that they were satisfied, that they had not lost any land
that by the first Agreem* was to be there Share
You knew that they were to have the most southerly
Ten miles of the Equivalent If the lands had run in
a streight line throughout the ten miles there had been
no difficulty in fixing their North bounds but as it did
not they would have suffered if it had been measured on
the bend as the lands run You may remember there-
fore that you agreed that it was Equitable to give them
as much land as the ten miles would have amounted to
had the land run streight This amounts exactly to
11600 Acres And so much is exactly contain'd between
the North Bounds of the land set off for Ridgefield & the
South bounds of the Equivalent lands so that they have
no pretence to extend any further Northward But as
212 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
they were unwilling to take up all that land some part
of it being of no value it was agreed that they should
leave out what quantity they pleas'd and Accordingly
they left out the Long Pond & some land to the North-
ward of it & a Triangle to the Southward of the Cross
Pond upon Courtlandts Patent
It is true however that I have made a Mistake in the
Quantity of Land said to be in the first Tract of the
50000 Acres by calling it 700 Acres more than it really
contains with the allowance for highways & this must
have been occasion'd by my takeing the whole quantity
without Subtracting the Triangle upon Courtlandts Pat-
ent that was left out for this Triangle contains nearly
that quantity of land. But on the other Hand I believe
the Lands to the Northward have just as much land over,
& that this overplus is devided among the most Northerly
lotts where we think them of least value because I think
the whole work was truely done but in Copying from my
Rough work I have mistaken & put down the sum in-
cludeing the Triangle instead of the Remainder after the
Triangle was deducted but I cannot certainly discover
this now because I know not what Quantity of Land was
released to Ridgefield All my papers which contain
the Devision & my manner of working it being at New
York either in your hands or among other papers which
I have there
Ridgefield then by this Mistake suffers in paying more
Quitrent than they ought & in paying a greater propor-
tion of the Charges of which in Equity all the other pro-
prietors ought jointly & in proportion to relieve them.
They may have likewise suffer'd something by an faulty
Devision among them selves by making every ones share
greater than truely it ought to be & this I think only can
be charged to my account alone. But as this affected
only the first Tract it could give them no pretence to ex-
tend further Northward in the second Tract where no
mistake has happen 'd. I have Calculated the whole work
a new so far as it relates to Ridgefield's ten miles & I
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 213
find it agree exactly with my former work allowing for
the error as above mentioned I am S"*
Your most humble serv*^
[Indorsed:] Copy of a Letter to M^ Alexander Feb^^ 11*'*
1733/4
From Frederick Morris
the IS*"^ July 1734
Herewith are three Warrants which I am desired by
his Excellency to request you'l make returns on with all
possible Expedition he goes the beginning of next
Month to the Jerseys & wo'd have the returns if possible
before he goes I am w**" Regard S""
Y"" most humble Serv*
Fred"^ Morris
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq""
Return of Survey by Cadwallader Colden, 1734
[Document signed by Colden]
Pursuant to His Excellency's Warrant
dated the IS**" day of this Month
Survey'd for Thomas Freeman James Lyne Paul
Richards William Cosby Sheriff of Amboy John Felton
Richard Shuckburgh Charles Williams Timothy Bagley
Thomas Cockeril & Frederick Morris A Certain Tract of
Land Scituate Lying & being in the County of Albany
on both sides of the Mohawks River Beginning at the
most Southerly Corner of another Tract of Twenty
214 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Thousands Acres Survey'd this day for John Lyne &
others runs thence South fifty two degrees East two Hun-
dred & ninety five Chains Then North thirty eight de-
grees east Seven hundred & thirty Six Chains Then
North fifty two degrees west two hundred & Ninety five
Chains to the North East Corner of the said Twenty
Thousand Acres Then along the east bounds of the Same
Tract South thirty eight degrees west Seven hundred &
thirty Six Chains to the place where it began Compre-
hending within the said bounds the greatest part of One
thousand One hundred Acres of Land formerly Grant'd
to the Wife & Children of Johan Jurgh Kast & after such
part is deduct'd Containing Twenty Thousand Acres of
Land & the Usual Allowance for Highways Which Sur-
vey is founded on a Survey made in the year 1725 by
Phillip Verplank then my Deputy But it is to be
observ'd as in the two former Surveys of the Same Date
with this That if by the Words (and in breadth in the
Woods on both sides of the said River Six English Miles)
in the Warrant to me direct'd be not understood & in-
tended that the breadth of the Tract within which the
said Survey is to be made doth extend Six Miles on each
Side of the said River The above Survey'd Tract will
exceed the bounds of the Land within which it is to be
granted by near twelve square miles
Given Under my Hand this twentieth day of July
1734
Cadwallader Colden Surv"" G'
[Marginal note in Colden's handwTiting : ] This Return
was dili[v]er'd back on the objection made in it
[Endorsed:] July 20*'' 1734
Return of Survey for
Tho^ Freeman Esq' et al:
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 215
From Governor William Cosby
[Letter signed]
the 22*^ July 1734
S'
The Delays made in the returns of the Severall War-
rants in order to the granting of Lands has given me an
occasion of writing this These delays have been com-
plained of to me as a hardship in having their Warrant
So long retarded and has contributed to the discourage-
ing others from applying for Grants of Lands I there-
fore desire that upon receipt of this You'l give immediate
directions to your Deputys to expedite their Survey upon
all the Warrants before them that So the returns upon
them may meet with no further delay
I am S'
Your most hum^'^ Servant
W. Cosby
To Doct' Golden
From Frederick Morris
the 12*^ Aug* 1734
S'
I Send you herewith the three Certificates for the
Lands purchased of the Germans which when you have
Signed I hope you'l be pleased to send to me with the
other Certificates The returns His Ex"*' thinks might
have been made without any observation at the end of
them but only giving the boundaryes & he wo'd have
them Made in that Manner which if you will please to
do the others Shall be remitted to you
M"" Rob* Livingston Son to M"" Livingston of Albany
is security for the fees of Schuyler & Bratts patent the
Certificate of w*"^ if you will please to return I shall take
care to secure your fees before y^ Seal is past & if you will
216 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
please to let me know the amount of them I Shall ac-
quaint him with it & Secure them for you Being with
respect S"
y most humble Serv'^
Fred" Morris
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esq'
Daniel Horsmanden's Declaration of Trust
Whereas by a certain Instrument under the hand &
Seal of his Excellency Governour Gosby bearing Date
the 24*'' day of this Instant August, purporting to be a
Lycence for me to purchase of the Native Indians Six
thousand acres of Land on the East Side of Hudsons
River in the Gounty of Albany for myself & Gompany in
order to sue for his Majesty's Letters pattents for the
Same NOW I do hereby Declare That my name is made
use of in the s*^ Lycence In Trust for Gadwallader Golden
Esq"" [blank] GolHns & [blank] Van Gorlaer Gentlemen
Equally with myself And Further That when the said
Purchase shall be made I do hereby promise to do any
further or other LawfuU & Reasonable act for the further
Manifestation of the said Trust at the Request of them
the said Gadwallader Golden [blank] Gollins & [blank]
Van Gorlaer
Witness my hand this 27*'' day of August 1734
Dan: Horsmanden
To Gadwallader Golden Esq'
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 217
Verses on the Burning of Tivo Songs in New York City
November, 173 1^ ^
[Unsigned and undated, in an unidentified handwriting]
The Lamentable Story of two Fatherless & Motherless
Twins which Lately Appeared in y^ City of N-w-Y-k
who for their Prophetick Cries where Condemn'd to be
burnt by y® Common Hangman which was Accordingly
Executed &c
To y^ Tune of Great William Our Renowned King
'Tis not of Wars Her Venus Sports
'Tis not of Am'rous Cupids Courts
I Sing but of y^ Dismall fate
Which did befall two Twins of Late
Therefore Lett every Tender Heart
Some Tears of Pity now Impart
Lett Sighs & Sobs & Moans prevaile
While I Rehearse y^ Mournfull Tale
'Twas in y^ Streets of Y — k we hear
Two pretty Babies did Appear
No Parent Careing them to Own
For Reasons to themselves best known
As through y® Streets they run forlorn
Naked and bare as they were born
'Gainst Arbitrary Power they Cried
'Gainst Knaves & Sycophants Inveigh'd
They Sung y® Downfall of y® fate
Of wicked Ministers of y^ State
Who against Law and Common Right
Did in most wicked Scheemes Delight
1 Following the election on September 29, 1734, of aldermen opposed
to Governor William Cosby's party, two anonymous songs, printed on a
broadside, were circulated in New York City. They were entitled: "A
Song made upon the Election of new Magistrates for this City," and
"A Song made upon the foregoing Occasion." On October 19, 1734, the
Supreme Court of New York (James DeLancey, Chief Justice), ordered
them to be burned; and on November 6, 1734, Governor Cosby issued a
proclamation offering a reward for the conviction of the author of the
songs. See Livingston Rutherfurd's John Peter Zenger (1904), pp. 38^.
218 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
But every Patriot they did Cheer
That Dar'd Stand for their Country Dear
Who Scorn 'd to be base Abject Slaves
To Serve Designing fools or Knaves
The Sung y« Glory of y^ Good
Who for their Country boldly Stood
And Like true Christians did Dispise
To fawn Dissemble and Tell Lyes
But when y^ Great Men Come to hear
The Cries they made begun to fear
Least that y^ Vulgar Charmed thereby
Would make them Rise their Villany
Wherefore in haste they did Convene
A Certain Number of true Men
And Strict Terms Commanded those
To tell from which these twins Arose
But when those Good men Could not find
The Parent they y^ babes did bind
And brought to a hall where Sate
The Judges in Great Pomp & State
Who without pity o[r] Remorse
0 Cruel Arbitrary Course
Instead of Singing Lullaby
Condemn'd those babes in flames to fry
The hour then appointed was
When those two twins must Die Alass
At whose Sweet harmless Innoscence
Since none but Brutes Could take Offence
But thus it is Great Mens Decree
Just or Unjust Obey'd must be
For only Warbling Tuneful Lays
Those babes in flames must end their Days
Without regard to Tender Years
Or the Beholders Cries or Tears
They by y® Hangmans hands were press'd
In to y* fire 0 God be Bless'd
But just Expiring thus did Cry
Behold we here Unjustly Dye
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 219
A Sacrifice to Great Mens Ire
We perrish in this Scorching fire
But ah Dear friends whose hearts do Ake
To See our fates do not Mistake
This fire does only Purifie
Our better parts Shall Never Die
The Gentle Breeses Kind and Soft
About This Town our Dust Shall waft
Inspiring every Blooming youth
To Liberty & Love of Truth
In due time they'l Revenge our Cause
Defend their Country and their Laws
From Arbitrary power & Might
Pull down y® wrong Set up y^ Right
Finis
From Frederick Morris
the S*'' March 1734 ^
S'
Your fees for the last Certificates Sent you I have
orders to pay y"" whenever You Shall appoint one for that
purpose, tho' I Suppose they will admitt of Some further
consideration
Y" have by y" the Certificate of one Van Ness which
you Said you wo'd Sign & Send me that I may proceed
upon it I hope you'l shortly make a return on y® last
Warr* sent y" by Stringham for Henry Clarke. I send
herew*^ the Certificate for Lieut* Butler- & Comp'' for
your Signing y"" fees for w"'' I Shall pay to y"" order being
with respect S""
Y"" most humble Serv*
Fred^ Morris
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq""
Surveyor Generall of the
Province of New York
1 1734/5. 2 Walter Butler.
220 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From George Clarke
March G*'^ 1734/5
Sir
I have the favour of yours of the 25*^ of the last
month; my principal view in petitioning for a grant of
my Lot at Mainesink was to keep myself out of Law
Suits whenever the two lines come to be contested; but
if it lyes so remote perhaps it may hardly be worth the
charges that must necessarily attend the Grants, and
it may be after all it does not lye within the two lines,
but of this I am ignorant, and must beg the favour of
your information before I proceed any further: if it
lyes within the lines I will inquire of M"" Fauconnier
whether he can give me any information that may guide
you to it without running from the Corner of Minnisink.
I can say nothing to the Certificates not yet knowing
how they are drawn for I have not been in Town since
November, and its probable M"" Morris waits for my going
to York to give me a particular account, what he men-
tioned to me in his letter being only in general terms.
I am perswaded the complaint you make of ill usage
cant be pointed at me since I am not conscious of having
done any thing to deserve it; for M'" Morris had no
directions from me to demand any thing of you for the
deeds. I wrote to him about it and to charge me with
it, the accounts I want have adjusted w*^ Col Mathews
last fall and I spoke to him about it supposing he had
them with him, but it seems he had not and I was drove
out of Town by the Gout before he could get them from
home, but I shall be glad now in the Spring to finish it.
M' Collins pretends he could not Survey my land
last fall, but promises to do it early this Spring. I am
Sir
Your most obedient humble Serv*
Geo Clarke
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 221
Memorandum about John Alsop and
Cadwallader C olden
[In Colden's handwriting]
March 18^'^ 1734/5
M"" Alsop Said in the presence of David Davis James
Crawford & old Beekman that Cadwallader Colden should
have said that John Alsop was a vile rogue & a knave
& that I would have him the said Alsop indited for
taking John Denmarks books upon Shares & that I gave
him some other message which he would not deliver
This these words were spoken by Cadwallader Colden at
M"" Ellisons
From Frederick Morris
the 25^^ March 1735
S'
I acquainted his Ex"^^^ with what you proposed to
Avoid the DiflQcultyes mentioned in y"" former letter con-
cerning the returns of the 28,000 acres. His Ex"^ ap-
proved of their being laid out into six Sevefall Lotts or
parcells assigning to each their particular Courses with
these returns please to Send the Certificates that I may
get New ones made out in their room
The Same Inconvenience arises in the return for
Capt° Butler M' Miln & comp'' & a Patent upon it as
the return is made must subject the partys to a good
deal of future trouble in dividing And as the return is
made It will not at all answer the Expectations they con-
ceived on the issuing the last Warrant of Survey Y^
further trouble in Sending another return assigning to
each of the partys their particular lotts with the par-
222 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
ticular Courses and boundaryes of each will no Doubt
be honourably considered by this the partys will avoid
the Difficultyes that wo'd ensue on a Division to be
made when Some of the partys may possibly be ab-
sent I hope therefore you'l please to Send Such return
as soon as you conveniently can I am with respect S'
Y"" most humble Serv*
Fred" Morris
Lotts in y* 28000 acres to be as follow
M-- Guerin & his wife ^ 4000
M"" Harrison & his wife 4000
M' Henry Cosby 2000
M^ W" Cosby 2000
A. Wilhnott ^ 2000
y* other Seven 14000
28000
From Edward Collins
At my farm y" 13*" xA.pril 1735
S'
I Am Sorry to hear that Your Son is So much out
of Order I hope he may be Well before this Comes
[to] hand. I Sett out tomorrow morning Early for
Alb [any] In order to proceed on the warrant you En-
dorsed to me belonging to his ExaP Children and shall
obs[erve] the Directions of your Letter very punctually
and if this Should happen to be the same Land Both
1 Maynard and Elizabeth Guerin, Edward and Pliyllis Harrison. Wil-
liam Cosby, Jr., Henry Cosby, and Anne Wilmot. See Calendar of
Endorsed Laiid Papers (Albany, 1S64), pp. 216-218.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 223
Mathews and you are Concerned in My Draught will
Shew it if Matews takes but Care to have Some body
there to tell me whether It be It or no I Shewed the
Sheriff M"" Lindesay^ the Caveat Also D^ Schuck-
borough - and told them that I was Oblidged to take
notice of It And to give Nota to the Caveators which
I Accordingly have done by Sending a Letter Directed
to M"" Mathews &" telling of them the time I Intend to
be on the Spot and begin s*^ Survey. I think In All this
I have Exactly followed up to y"" directions as I shall
always do so Long as I have the happine[ss] of being y""
Deputy, which hope may be As L[ong] As I Continue a
Surveyor. Enclosed you have [torn] warrants relateing
to butler's purchase (which by reason of the haste we
were In at the High Lands) I had forgot to send you with
the Draughft, those are all I have Concerning y* Pur-
chase the rest I suppose are in y'' hands. I shall Acquaint
M' Clark and the Chief Justice that you have not those
Warrants I Wrote you About. I have not time at present
to Say any more but Wish y"" Son his health, And Con-
clude S"" with the greatest regard to y"" self and family
Y"" most Sincere friend & Oblidged
humb Ser* to Com*^
Ed Collins
[My] Wife Who Sitts by me requests
you will give her Love to her Sister
and her Service to you and your
Spouse
From George Clarke
N York June 27^*^ 1735
Sir
I return you another warrant of Survey in lieu of
that which you sent me wherein I have inserted the
1 John Lindesay, Sheriff of Albany.
2 Richard Shuckburgh.
224 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
names you ascertained. I spoke to the Chief Justice who
agrees with me to desire you will imploy some body in
whom you can confide to perform the work as soon as
the Season will permit, that we may draw lots when
Glen and the others, who live thereabouts can come
down the River, and then the patents may proceed
without interruption.
I have spoke about the other affair and find there
must have been some misunderstanding, for he tells me
that all he said as all he intended amounted to no more
then what he had before said to me — that as to your
own particular he was willing to give you a share, but
not to Col. Mathews, nor to the others who were stran-
gers to him, nor does he know what could lead you to
imagine that he would make the Grant to us all, he
said indeed as he tells me that he would willingly have
some land thereabout to raise provisions for the mine
when it should be worked, and that was what he in-
tended by excluding Coll Mathews and the others, he
says when you left him you said something of your
endeavouring to bring it about, but did not understand
what you meant by it, and was farr from imagining that
you could take him to be in a disposition to make the
Grant to us all, for my own part I assure you when I
read your letter I doubted much of succeeding to your
expectations, imagining there must be some misunder-
standing of his discourse between you, from what he had
so often said to me on that subject. I wish you had
explained yourself more fully at parting w* the Gov"" or
had got from him a clearer declaration of his intentions
that all cause of jealosie might have been removed, for
I think civil or obliging expressions where a point is to
be cleared up and fully understood are not sufl5cient and
often lead people into mistakes, and from thence into
distrusts and jealosies.
Be pleased Sir to keep Collins's return of my land
in Butlers purchase by you, if he has used me as, from
y® informations I have had, I fear he has I will not
meddle w* it. I intended more the publick benefit than
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 225
my private interest, and for that reason of which I in-
formed him he ought to have laid me out such land as
would have encouraged people to have jump'd at my offer
but as he has managed it my intentions are defeated
and I shall be put to confusion if any are at the trouble
and expence of travelling hither from Pensilvania to me.
I will not trouble you further being S""
y most humble Serv*
Geo Clarke
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esq
Surveyor Gen' of the
province of New York
From Edward Colliris, Phillip Van Cortlandt and
Charles Williams
Alb: y^ 29^^ Sep* 1735
S'
by M"" Corland and M"" Williams who are at present
With me I understand that You do not Care to return
our Survey, for Which I am Very Sorry, as for my part
I Can give you no Other Reasons for the tract being
Laid out in three parcells, but that the Same was So
done Conformable to the Warrant of Survey, and Ac-
cording to Your own directions which you gave me when
at Yours And the reason [torn] the Lines of the re-
turn have different Courses is because it partly bounds
on other peoples patents whos Courses are So Especially
that of Myndert Schuyler. I hope to See you Shortly
if possible, but if I Can't pray forward this buisness. I
am S'
Your Most humble Se* to Com''
Ed Collins
226 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Sir
We hope the above Reason of M"" Collins will be
Sufficient to prevent any further delay but y* you will
att y^ receipt of this be so good as to make a return that
we may have our patent out att the Office and youl Ex-
treamly obhdge
Your most humble Servants
Phillip Cortlandt
CHA^ Williams
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Golden Esq^
These
Speech of Vincent Matthews read before the General
Assembly of the Province of New York on
October 21, 1735 "■
[Draft in Cadwallader Colden's handwriting]
M^S2
As I am about to make a Complaint not only of a
member of this house but of my Collegue ^ chosen by
the same people who have chosen me to represent them
in the General Assembly of this Province I think it
proper to put what I have to say on this head in writing
That I may as far as I am capable speak with that care
& Caution which the Nature of my Complaint The
Honour of this House & the Regard due to my Collegue
may require of me & indeed I have so many particulars
to mention that I cannot trust to my Memory
My Complaint is of a high Nature viz of an illegal
& arbitrary attempt to deprive the subject of his Lib-
erty which to every man is & ought to be dearer than
his Life of an attempt to take away the Liberty of a
1 See the Journals of the General Assembly of New York, October
21 and 25, 1735.
2 Adolph Philipse, Speaker.
3 Cornelius Harina;, of Orange Countv.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 227
Member of this House which by the nature of our Con-
stitution is the Great Guard & Security of all the Peoples
Liberty in this Province & that this attempt was made by
a Member of this house & upon his own Collegue who
represents the same County That he does And when
all the Circumstances of this bold Action shall be duly
consider'd it will appear I doubt not that the true Cause
& Motive to it was to deterr me & by my Example
others from useing that freedom of Speech & Debate in
this House which is essentially necessary for securing
the Liberty of the People of this Province If the
Members of this House are not secure against such at-
tempts what Liberty can any other of the Subjects hope
to enjoy. If any member of this House dare to join
in & promote such proceedings who will be affray'd to
oppress whenever it shall be in his power If a Mem-
ber of this House be affray'd or neglect to Complain who
will dare to accuse And if this House be negligent in
resenting such abuse of their own Members where shall
other Subjects hope to find Relief
So far I think necessary to say by way of Introduc-
tion to show the obligation I am under to accuse my
Collegue & to obtain Patience & attention in hearing of
me for I shall be obliged to mention several things previ-
ous to the principal Action complain'd off as well as
others which accompanied & foUow'd it for without these
the True Spirit that actuated the Contrivers of it The
Design of it & the Motives which induced them can not
be discover'd & without these the Wickedness of the
Deed cannot sufficiently appear
The Members of this House cannot have forgot that
during the Sessions of Assembly which ended [blank] ^
of last Year I moved in the house for an Address to His
Excellency ^ to remove Francis Harison Esq from all
offices of Trust in this Government & the reason I gave
was the Notorious & well known bad Character of that
Gent" I do not remember that any one member of-
1 June 22, 1734.
2 Governor William Gosby.
228 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
fer'd to Vindicate his Character but I remember well
that Severals confirm'd the Opinion I had declared and
one of our Members then & still in a Distinguished Sta-
tion confirm'd it with the Strongest Epithets. I may
now farther add that several Grand Juries of this City
have since that time manifested the Opinion that they
have of that Gent°^ Character to be the same I then had
& still have Nay I may justly say that ninety nine
of every hundred of the Inhabitants of this Province
believe him to be a man of the Worst Character. But
tho I was seconded in my motion & strongly backt by
severals the Motion dropt & I think without any notice
taken of it in the Minutes How this came about for
what reasons & by what means this House knows
best One thing I know as to my self that a Gent"
in so high a Station in this Govern* that it is not proper
for me to name him closeted me & used powerful Argu-
ments to dissuade me from pursueing my Purpose
Before the next meeting of the Assembly the Freeholders
of that part of the County where I live did me the
Honour to write me a letter of thanks for my Conduct
in that Sessions of Assembly & among other things de-
clared that they were pleas'd with my endeavours to
remove the Gent" I before named from all oflSces of
Trust. During the next Session of Assembly the Council
at a Conference with a Committee of the House desir'd
us to join with them to order that Journal in which the
Letter of Thanks ^ to me was published with several
other Journals to be burnt by the common Hang-
man This house so far refused to join that they or-
der'd the papers to ly upon the Table without returning
any Answer which was Such a mark of Dislike to the Re-
quest of the Council that the Respect which is kept
up betwixt the Council & this House seldom admits of
And the City Magistrats afterwards show'd so far their
Dislike likewise that they refused to suffer their Hang-
iThe letter to Col. Vincent Mathews, dated Goshen, Aug. 21, 1734,
signed by 78 inhabitants of Goshen and Minisink Precincts, was printed
in No. 49 of John Peter Zenger's New-York Weekly Journal, for Octo-
ber 7, 1734.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 229
man to do the office But at last Burnt they were by
a poor Negro Slave & M" Harison had the pleasure to
look on & see them in flames.^
There is one particular more I must mention to this
House tho' no part of it was transacted in it or had any
Relation to the Affairs of the House yet as it had no
small influence on the proceedings against me which I
shall mention afterwards it is necessary for me to ac-
quaint the House with it. While I was at New York to
attend the Session of assembly first above mentioned I
waited on the Judges of the Supreme Court & show'd
them a Writ from my office of Clerk of the common
Pleas in Orange County which Writ had been alter'd in
all the Material points and which I had strong proofs to
believe was don by John Alsop who had been some litle
time before that Licensed by the Governor to practise
as an Attorney in that Court I told the Judges what
proof I had of the forgery's being don by the s*^ Alsop &
which I believe the Judges thought was so strong that
it would not admit of Dispute For the Chief Justice -
after he had had the writ for some time in his Custody
to consider of it spoke with abhorrence of the Crime &
thought it necessary that he be prosecuted I told
the Chief Justice likewise how much Law Suits had been
exceedingly multiplied in Orange County the County
where I live & in the Neighbouring Counties to the
great Vexation of the Inhabitants of Those Countys
since the said Alsop had practised as an Attorney and
the Judges of Ulster County & Dutchess County both of
them Members of this House join'd with me in the com-
plaint against the s^ Alsop but as I consider'd the Mans
poor Family a Wife & many innocent children who must
be turn'd upon The World & Suffer by such Prosecution
I & the other Judges proposed to the Chief Justice to
have his License only recall'd to prevent his doing further
1 See the Journal of the General Assembly of the Colony of New
York, I, 671-72, October 18 and 22, 1734; A brief Narrative of the Case
& Tryal of Johyi Peter Zenger; and Livingston Rutherfurd's John Peter
Zenger (1904).
2 James DeLancey.
230 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Mischief and that the affair of the Writ might be delay'd
that he might have an Opportunity of showing his Re-
pentence by his future Conduct & that he might in the
mean time mentain his family by his other usual Imploy-
ment of keeping a Tap House The Chief Justice was
pleas'd with our Compassion for the man's family & after
the forg'd Writ had been shown to many of the Members
of this House & to the most Eminent Practitioners in
the Law in this Province I believe the Chief Justice
likewise show'd it to his Excellency who thereupon re-
call'd his Licence by a Writing under his hand & Seal
Directed to the Judges of the County Courts of Orange
Ulster & Dutchess to which Courts only his Licence to
practice extended The Chief Justice & the other
Judges thought they might well proceed in this Summary
way because the man never had been regularly admitted
in any Court and never had taken the Oath of Attorney
tho' by Virtue of the Governors Licence he had pre-
sum'd to practise without the usual & necessary Quali-
fications
This man & Edward Blagg another famous attorney
have been long known to be proper Tools for M"* Harison
& were frequently made use of by him on all proper
Occasions Blag's Character is so well known all over
the Province that I need so nothing of him & Indeed it
is enough to say that M"" Harison found them both of
true Mettal for his purposes. Blag (as from what fol-
lows I have good reason to conjecture) was sent up into
that part of the Country where I live to join with Alsup
in some plott of Harisons which never come fully to light
& was defeated by the Assembly's refusing to join with
the Council in burning that Journal in which the letter
of Thanks to me was printed for they were thereby stopt
in the midle of their Career They published every-
where in that part of the Country That the Letter of
Thanks was burnt by the Common Hangman that the
People who sign'd it were all to be sent Prisoners to
New York That Judge Haring was to come up to put
some things in Execution They design'd to terrify the
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 231
poor People & what kind of purposes are carried on that
it's necessary to put people in a Pannick to make them
Succeed requires no great Penetration to Discover
These things were talkt in that part of the Country be-
fore anything was don in New York But this House
refusing to join with the Council which M*" Harison
thought himself so sure of obtaining that he wrote as
if all he expected had been allready accomplish'd & this
House likewise refusing to give Judge Haring leave to
be absent to hold the Courts & allowing me to go for that
purpose their whole Scheme was suddenly defeated &
their Designs still remain in the Dark
But as M"" Harison had reason to think them trusty
Servants he thought proper for their Incourageraent in
his future Designs that one of them should not go with-
out Reward & therefore M"" Harison (as I believe) per-
suaded the Governour to renew Alsups Licence & to ex-
tend it to all the inferior Courts of the Province whereas
the former was limited to three Counties. I presume
that M"" Harison obtain'd this because I believe no other
man of any Note would attempt to prostitute his Ex-
cellency's Character in this manner to serve his own
private purposes Men in power often before now have
been persuaded To persuade his Excellency after he
had recall'd his Licence to Alsup upon the Application of
the Judges of the Supreme Court & of the Judges of all
the Courts to which the Licence extended & after his
being accus'd of such a Crime to restore him without any
notice to the persons that did complain is such a Method
of proceeding as perfectly suits M' Harison's Character
& I think no innocent man would have been contented
to have been restor'd in such a manner
No man that knows M"" Harison's revengefull & Mali-
cious Temper can believe that he would be satisfied with
rewarding his Friends Those he thinks his Ennemies
must likewise feel the effects of his resentment & to
satisfy that I was remov'd from all my offices of Honour
& Profit This was a gratefull return to him against
the Motion I made in this House & he thought he had
232 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
now turn'd the Tables upon me. But I have the pleasure
to observe on the very different Conduct in M'' Harison &
me in our attack on each other I proposed that he
should be accus'd by the Assembly before his removal
by which he would have had the most publick & fair
Opportunity of defending himself if he durst to have
trusted to His Innocency. He might have vindicated his
integrity before the Council of which body he was a
member & before the Governor with whom he was then
in great favour But a Guilty Conscience durst not
trust even in such great advantages He thought it
much safer by his Interest to stifle the Accusation & to
hold his offices upon another security tho' the Imputa-
tion of his Guilt should remain strongly impress'd on
all peoples minds & it did remain more fixed than I be-
lieve he Imagin'd it could have been in opposition to so
much power & interest as he thought himself secure
of For he found the Grand Juries of New York one
after another so resolute to expose his wickedness that
at last there was no safety for him but in flying the
Country On the other hand I have no litle Satisfac-
tion that notwithstanding of all his Interest & Power
he durst not accuse me but chose rather to show his re-
sentment by meer Acts of Power,
This Resentment was not confined to me but it
reached to all my friends & more particularly those that
sign'd the letter of Thanks to me for they were all turn'd
out of the Commission of the Peace & by that means all-
most a total Change was made in that Commission. And
Such men were generally put in who were thought not
to wish well to me No other reason I believe can be
assign'd why James Jackson should be pickt out from
among all the Inhabitants of the Countiy to succeed me
in the office of one of the Judges of the Common Pleas
a Mean man that gets part of his living by making
Halters & carrying them about among the Neighbours.
Known to be a turbulent Vexatious Creature that has
been for several years bound over as a common Dis-
turber of the Peace I wish the Gentlemen of this
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 233
House would again read over that letter of Thanks to
see what there is in it that could produce such effects.
Its true that the displacing officers of Justice arbi-
trarly carries with it such an ill face that M"" Harison
thought proper to follow an Example which I am told
has at other times been given in America of colouring
the Action by reasons afterwards to be found out & for
this purpose he imploy'd his two Tools before mention'd
Blag & Alsup I know not indeed by what name to
call such Creatures, the English Language wants words
to express the Proper Epithet the baseness of such Spirits
as can become Tools to such a man as M'" Harison. I
say these men Blag & Alsup went to Goshen & drew up
an address of Thanks from that people to the Governor
for their New Officers without how[ev]er blaming the
old ones & to perswade the People to it told them that
unless they did sign this address the Governor would
certainly remove their Courts from them. Thus these
men Prostituted his Excellency's name to every base de-
sign they had in view By this means they perswaded
a few of the Freeholders to sign but as they apprehended
their address would make a pitiful appearance with so
few names they went round & took in day labourers sol-
diers of the Garrison at New York sojourners several of
them of the adjoining County to encrease the number.
So soon as those freeholders that had sign'd were ap-
prised of the Design of the Address most of them went
to Blag & Alsup & Demanded their names to be Struck
out & the resentment among the People ran so high on
that Occasion that Blag & Alsup thought proper to pack
off with their Address as quickly as they could
Thus they were again cast off in their pursuit but
being true Dogs of the Game they were not easily to be
foil'd & they took another Course to overtake their Sport
& this leads me to the main article of my Complaint
against my Collegue M"" Haring. At that time I had the
Custody of the Records of the County M"" Morris ^
the Deputy Secretary signified to me by a letter that
1 Frederick Morris.
234 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
the Governor had appointed M' Ludlow ^ Clerk of the
County & that I was order'd to deliver the Records to
M"" Ludlow or to such Person as M'' Ludlow should
order Blag brought a letter w''*' he said was from M'
Ludlow & read it in my hearing directing me to deliver
the Records to the s*^ Blag I refus'd to deliver them
to Blag for these Reasons
1 I thought Blag a man no way proper to be trusted
with the Records because of his known Character & be-
cause he did not reside in the County The Free-
holders then present agreed with me in my Opinion
They said they & all the Freeholders & Inhabitants had
an Interest in the Records & forbad me to deliver them
to that man or any otherwise than as I could answer to
them in case of whatever Accident might befall them
2 My Person & Estate was answerable for the
Records & I could not deliver them otherwise than so
as to be safely & legally discharged of them which I
could not be by any missive letter either from the Deputy
Secretary or from M"" Ludlow or from both.
Upon this Blag posts away to New York to his Patron
applied to the Governor & as I suppose from the sequel
like a true Sycophant represented the High Indignity
don to his Excellency's Authority by my refusing to obey
a letter from the Deputy Secretary & soon after this I
was apprehended by a Warrant under the Hand & Seal
of my Collegue M' Haring & two other Justices a Copy
of which I have in my hand & carried in Custody of the
Under Sheriff to Orange Town & afterwards remain'd
a Prisoner till such time as I was carried by Habeas
Corpus before the Chief Justice tho' 10000 pound bail
was offer'd by twenty of the Freeholders each in 500
pound The Warrant Mention'd no cause or Com-
plaint for apprehending or keeping me in Custody but
only by Virtue of an order of the Gov"" & Council The
Chief Justice acted with much Deliberation in the Affair
for after I had been three Several times before him viz
on the [blank] he at last declared that he must deliver
1 Gabriel Ludlow,
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 235
me because [blank] & accordingly I was set at Liberty
after I had been [blank] days in Custody
All these wicked schemes to oppress me having fail'd
Blag found out other means of oppressing & making my
neighbours smart who had declar'd their Approbation of
my Conduct in accusing his Patron M"" Harison He
as I am well inform'd gave in the names of so many of
the Freeholders of Goshen as were reputed my friends
to the Attorney General who filed in Chancery Bills
against them for their Quitrents & subpoenas were is-
sued It is plain the Recovery of the Quitrents could
not be the design for few of those person's against whom
the Bills were fill'd pay above one half penny a Year &
the Original Patentees who still hold the greatest part
of the Lands & are rich men & living in the City of New
York were passed over without any process against them
& These mens Quitrents could much more easily have
been recover'd before any one single Justice of Peace or
by Distress where the meanest Utensil about their
Houses would have been Sufficient to have paid the
whole demand But this could not have had the Effect
of Persecution They must be sued in Chancery be-
fore the Governor Where the high fees in a suit brought
in the Kings name will certainly ruin a poor man tho'
he gain the Cause. Here M' Speaker You see the high-
est Courts of Justice nay a Court w''*' of its own Nature
ought to procure Equity & Mercy to the subject & soften
the Rigour of the Law is used as a means to oppress the
Subject Good God! What shall we be reduced to if
wicked men be allow'd to turn Justice & Mercy into In-
struments of Cruelty & Revenge but to return to what
is properly my own case
Liberty M'' S[peaker] is the greatest happiness men
can enjoy & without it no man can have pleasure in
Life Liberty is the Distinguishing Privilege of Eng-
lishmen in mentainance of which their Ancestors have
lost Rivers of Blood & have transmitted it safe & secure
to us notwithstanding that it has been often violently
attackd by Tyrants & their flatterers wicked men who
236 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
thought every thing lawfull that was in their power to
do or by which they could enrich themselves & plunder
their Neighbours. Parasites & Flatterers have often
brought the English Nation to the brink of Destruction
when they happen'd to gain the ears of our Princes &
made them fond of unlawfull power. When such De-
signs are on foot the Will of the Prince is set up for
Law Disobedience of his Arbitrary commands is
thought the Highest Crime And at such times only
men were imprison'd without assigning any reason but
the commands of the Prince or of his Privy Council of
which may be seen many Instances in the Reign of
Charles the first Indeed if men may be deprived of
their Liberty at the Will & Pleasure of the King or of
his Ministers their will & pleasure must of course become
the Law. But what were the Consequences of these
mad Schemes of Court Flatterers They brought on
the Bloody Civil Wars which ended in that Kings De-
struction and the People after a terrible strugle through
a Sea of Blood Storms & Confusion recover'd their Laws
& Liberty & have transmitted them safe & secure to
us Can then the Representatives of an English peo-
ple see the same Maxims of Governing set on foot with-
out dreading the same Consequences & without making
the persons who attempt such Schemes examples of Ter-
ror to future betrayers of their Country for alas! in all
ages & in all Countries wicked ministers have been &
will be found.
I shall repeat some proceedings of the Parliament in
the year 1627 (a Parliament that no lover of the English
Constitution let him be as fond of Prerogative as he
pleases can have any exception to) in their Debates on
a Complaint made to them of the Subjects being com-
mitted without any other reason but the Command of
the King or of the Privy Council S"" Edward Cook
that famous Judge who is stiled The Oracle of the Eng-
lish Law said on that occasion 'The Question is whether
"a freeman can be imprisoned by the King, without set-
"ting down the cause of it? If he may, it follows, I shall
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 237
"have an estate of Inheritance or for Life, or for years
"in my Lands or Property in my goods; & I shall be a
"Tenant at Will for my Liberty. It is against Law that
"men should be committed & no cause shewed. Then
it was Resolv'd (in Parliament) upon the Question
Neynine Contradicente
That no freeman ought to be detained or kept in
Prison, or otherwise restrained by the Command of the
King, or the Privy Council, or any other unless some
Cause of the Commitment, or Restraint be expressed, for
which by Law he ought to be committed, detain'd, or
restrain' d
From what is above there can be no Question of the
illegality of M"" Harings Warrant & consequently that
the Law gives me a Remedy against him but it is not for
recovery of my Damages I now move I have taken
the proper steps for this in a legal manner
But the reason of my moving here is as this is a
Breach of the Privileges of this house & in the tenderest
point the Liberty of the Members therefore I could not
pass it over without informing the house fully in a mat-
ter which I think so nearly concerns them
From what has been said I think the House may
clearly perceive that all these illegal proceedings have
been carried on against me by M'" Harison's Procurement
& by his Instigation & that in revenge to the Motion I
made in this House & on this account a long chain of
Persecution has been carried on against me <fe my
friends This I think appears by the persons that were
employ'd in it men that are well known to be Creatures
of that man & I beheve will still further appear if this
House will oblige M"" Haring to declare & show the
Minute of Council mention'd in his Warrant from whom
he had it what letters he had a long with it & what di-
rections he had to proceed against me & from whom &
I hope Coll Haring is now so sensible of his Error & of
the Dangerous consequences of his Proceedings that he
will freely & fully discover the persons that led him
into it
238 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
M' Speaker we are in a Peculiar manner the Guard-
ians of the Peoples Liberties & thereby at our Election
we have the Greatest Trust reposed in us that men can
put in others The Governor the Council & the Offi-
cers of the Government have the Execution of the Laws
& administration of Justice in their Hands These are
great Powers on which our Lives our Liberty & all we
can call ours depends & if men be not now grown better
than ever they were known to be Men vested with such
Power easily grow wanton & Domineer over their fellow
Subjects They have so many ways of oppressing &
terrifying private men that few in a private condition
dare oppose them & therefor are often inclin'd to pur-
chase ease & quiet to themselves by the most moderate
Composition they can & too many we find chuse rather
to Court the Favour of Men in power by flattering them
& promoting their private views than to incur their re-
sentment by Opposition It is for this Reason that
the House of Representatives is by our Constitution the
Grand Inquest of the Province to enquire into all Griev-
ances to examin the Conduct of all officers intrusted in
the Administration & we may be assured that under our
present most Gracious King who is so tender of the Lib-
erty & Privileges of his Subjects a Guilty Minister or
Officer let him be never so high will tremble at the En-
quiry of this House & this House may or can allways find
out Remedies Adequat to the Greatest evil & will be able
to make the loftiest Criminal let his power be never so
Great an example of Terror to his Successors But to
what purpose are these great Privileges annexed to our
House to what purpose are the eyes of all the People of
this Province turn'd upon us when they think themselves
in Danger if our own Members join with the men in
power in oppressing & distressing their fellow members
because any of us dar'd to do our Duty in accusing of a
man in Power He who thus joins in distressing his
fellow member does all that is in his power for ever to
deprive the Subject of all Relief And if this house pass
over any such Complaint made of their Members with-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 239
out a suitable enquiry & punishment if the person com-
plain'd of be found Guilty This house instead of being
the Guardians of the Liberties of the People & of the
Laws & of being a Terror to evil doers will draw upon
themselves the Guilt of all the Wickedness & oppression
that may be don by men in power & of the Misery the
Country may be reduced to But tho' such things may
be supposed I am confident Such Treachery in this House
cannot happen M"" Sp When I look round & see
my fellow members I see that allmost all of them are
men in great power in their several Counties Judges of
the Courts & Colonels of Militia & tho' it would seem
ridicolous to summon a Jury of Colonels to enquire into
false Ministers or to think that men in power are the
most proper persons to curb & punish any over Stretch-
ing of Power. Yet no doubt the Members of this House
will consider the great Trust reposed in them by their
neighbours they will consider their own Interest & the
Interest of their Posterity for they will be all equally
involv'd in the Calamities of their Country The
places of Honour they now enjoy are but like a fine laced
Livery coat of which the vain Lacquey may be stript at
the pleasure of his proud Master & may be kikt out of
Doors naked The last time I was hear my head was
adorn'd with Feathers as well as others & now I am re-
duced to the Philosophers Description of man whereby
he in a Ludicrous manner Distinguishes him from other
Animals viz a Two footed Animal without Feathers But
as in loosing my Feathers I have gain'd the Love & Es-
teem of my Neighbours I hope my case will not frighten
any of you from your Duty. May your Feathers be
Ornaments of your Honour & Virtue & may they carry
along with them the Love & esteem of your Country &
may the Consciousness you your selves have & the Sense
Your neighbours have of your Integrity give you true
cause to glory in them & set them erect on your heads
that they may not fall down & blind your eyes. As to
what is peculiarly an Injury to myself I have allready
declared that I intend to seek Reparation else where & I
240 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
have likewise don my part in Discovering to the House
the Injury done them by a Breach of their Greatest
Privilege If any man should threaten a Grand Jury
man for accusing a Criminal the Grand Jury I am sure
would resent it & I don't doubt this House will show a
suitable Resentment of the Illegal Imprisonment of one
of their own Members by one of their own Members for
daring to accuse a State Criminal in this House As
there was no cause set down for the Imprisonment I be-
lieve every indifferent man from what I have above re-
lated will believe that that accusation was the true Cause
of my Imprisonment & of all the Persecution that I &
my Neighbours have Suffer'd & as this highly concerns
the Honour & Privilege of this House I leave it to them
to determine according to their wisdom
To Mrs. Cadwallader C olden
May e*"^ 1736
My Dear
I have the Pleasure of yours by M"" Galatian wherein
you tell me of your good health & of the Civilities you
receive from your Friends & tho' I long to see you again
I would not have you deny your self the Satisfaction you
have in their Company & the Diversion it must give you
after a tedious Solitaryness in the Country. We are all
in perfect good health except Caddie who about an hour
since was suddenly taken with a violent head Ach &
Vomiting but is now a sleep & I hope it will be over when
he awakes You see I do not keep any thing from you
as you do to me but I tell you plainly how things are &
which I think the best way to remove anxiety. As it is
uncertain whether this may reach you before you leave
New York I cannot inlarge as otherwise I would. I am
pleas'd that you know nothing of parties but visit & con-
verse without any regard to them Tho' you may be
assured that I shall not be displeased with your Staying
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 241
as long as you incline yet I cannot help wishing to see
you soon. I hope my friends will write the News par-
ticularly & fully by you. I write to M"" Alexander
Pray remember me kindly to honest M"" Sharpass & his
Daughter to Coll Mathews & his Sisters & to the Family
where you are & in general to all our Friends Betty
is very carefull of me & the Family as Jenny is of what
you left to her care They offer their Duty to you I
am
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Golden
[Addressed:] To M'^ Golden at
New York
From Jane Colden to Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
GoLDENGHAM May 6 1736
Madam
My Papa Sister & Brother writ to you by M" Gate-
hous wheirin Brother Gady told you that I would writ
by the next opertunity I haveing nothing to writ
then or now that can be exseptable But the duty I owe
to you obliges me to writ tho it were only to tal you that
we have been in good health sence you left us. Davy is
very brisk & good houmord he talks a great dal about
you. My Sisters & Brothers Joins with me in offiring
our duty to you and Love to Alice I hope she will excuse
my not writing to her til she can return it I am
Madam
Your Most dutyful
& Most efectionate
Daughter
Jane Golden
[Addressed:] To M^^ Golden
at
New York
242 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Cadwallader Golden, and from his so7i, Alexander
C olden, to Mrs. John Hill
CoLDENGHAM July 12''' 1736
Madam
I have yours by John M*" Neal & am exceedingly sorry
to have given you any occasion to reproach me with
neglecting you I had no opportunity to write till the
time I went to New York in the Spring & then happen-
ing to come a few hours after the Governors Death &
thinking it necessary to write to England upon that Oc-
casion by the first post you may easily conceive that my
thoughts & time both were fully employ'd & hurried I
made all the haste I could out of Town to avoid entring
in to new Disputes in which my friends were taking
opposite sides After my return John M*" Neal talkt
of going soon to Pennsylvania which made me choose
to write by him but he having been taken ill was detain'd
longer than I expected. I did not go again to New York
till the very day he set out for Philadelphia at which
time I thought it needless to write having staid only
one week at New York. The person that told you of
my being at any other time at New York has been mis-
taken & my son Alexander has not been there since win-
ter but goes at this time & carries this My Wife as I
enform'd you in my last was there to see her friends after
3 years absence & carried Alice with her So that upon
the whole you will I hope think I am not without excuse.
Since my last I have two letters from my Father the last
of the 20**" of March at which time he was in his usual
state of health & able to preach every Sunday & to ride
about his parish & sometimes to greater distances He
desires to be remember'd affectionately to you Please
to order the sixty pound to be paid to James Alexander
Esq & I shall write to him to receive it. I am truely of
the mind that the delays you meet with in receiving your
money need not delay your coming especially since you
must employ an Attorney tho' you be on the Spott & I
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 243
believe your money will come in more quickly when you
are gon than while you stay because people will be all-
ways framing excuses to you in hopes to move your
Compassion & while you are to be with us you cannot
be in any want of money for common uses. So that I
hope you will set a time when I shall wait on you to
bring you hither. My son Alexander & I design next
month for Albany on Land Business where it is prob-
able I shall be five or six weeks after I return I de-
sign for New York so that I hope to be there in the be-
gining of October at which place probably my business
will detain me ten days after which I hope to be abso-
lutely at your service and that time I believe will be the
most convenient season of the year to travil. I am
affrayd that sitting long in a boat especially being on the
Water in the night which frequently cannot be avoided
& the Shaking & jolting of a Waggon may be very in-
convenient & tiresome to you & perhaps dangerous to
your health I would therefore advise you to buy a
kind of chaise called a Kitteren which I am told is made
at Philadelphia & is much easier as well as cheaper than
a chaise Capt" Norris & his Lady came in one of them
when I was at Philadelphia You will have this ad-
vantage from it that you can some times take the air in
it while here & sometimes take the Diversion to go to
the Waterside to see my son. Indeed my wife finds
riding now so uneasy that I had thoughts of purchasing
one & I am the more enclined to it because I think it
rather lessens than encreases expence since by that
means a horse is saved & a trunk or any small thing can
be carried without trouble behind for it easily carries
two persons & it neither eats hay nor oats. I am told
that a good one with all the necessary harnass can be
bought for 20 pound. If you resolve to have one made
on purpose for you please to let me know soon because
I would give you some Directions that will make it more
usefull & I will bring a horse proper for it when you shall
fix the time that you design to come. We are all in good
health & join in our Duty to you You may assure
244 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
your self we will all of us do all in our power to make
your Life as easy as possible with us & to live free of
Care. I am most gratefully & affectionately
Your DutyfuU Nephew
Cadwallader Golden
New York July 19**^ 1736
Madam
My Father left his letter open that I might write to
you from this place I was to hav[e] got a Stone or
Stones for a hearth for one of his rooms the Room being
all finish'd to that but I cannot get any therefore Ac-
cording to his order I must desire the favour of you if
you Send any of your things round by water to get him
three Stones Such as you use for y"" hearths at Phila-
delphia the lenght they must be of is 4 feet 4 Inches
& one foot wide My Father orders me likewise to
enquire the mans name who makes the Kitteren he writes
to you about it is one Montgomerie he made one for
M"" Richards here it Cost £22. the Wheels must be
larger & the Shafs longer then that. I am heartily re-
joiced to hear you intend to come & live with my Father
& I doubt not but you'll find [we] do all in our power
to make you live happy Please to remember me to
your Landlord I am Most Affectionately
Y^ Dutifull Nephew
Alex"" Colden
[Addressed:] To M" Elizabeth Hill N Y dwt
at Philadelphia 3:
From Mrs. John Hill to Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
Augost y^ 4'*^ 1736
Dere Coz° Aleh
I Rec'' thine Sep*"" y" 22"'' I Still Continua my
Recelusion to Com In y'' Spring and I Desior to Know
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 245
Who Lives in my House in York and Wethor it May
be Proper for Me to go thaor When I Com a Chore for
My EnterTainment I Wood Know Wethor Sam'
Hath be in my Coz°^ ImPloyment If He be I Think
It Proper To Send my Goods for him to Take kare
of Dont fale But Send me an answare for These
Two artikas for I Intend for to Send My Bigg Loocking
Glass & all my fu[r] nature Round by Watter to New
York I Have Nothing More at Present but I am
ThankfuU you ar all In helth and that y^ has Exspexta-
tion of thy Husband & Son being at Home after that
Tegious Journah I Have Sughed Sevrall That owed
me Money but Can Not Gett anny In I am afrade
I shall Meett with a Create Many Disapointments no
more but my Deor Love to the & thy Husband &
Shillderen
thy affectionnate Aunt
Ellizabeth Hill
[Addressed:] To Aleice Colden
Living at Coldengham
in York Guforment
these
From Lieutenant-Governor George Clarke
N York Sep* IS*"^ 1736
Sir
I am sorry to percieve by your letter from Canajohary
of the G**" instant that you have had so little assistance
from the Gentlemen who were concerned in the Track
you were to survey: I do assure you that I shall always
prefer those who have been forward to promote the Sur-
veys, of which I shall wait for your information. Mr
Nelsen is not to be here these ten days as I am told but
when he does come I shall do nothing till I see or hear
246 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
more particularly from you: I hope you will have time
to view the Land behind Fort Hunter so as to make a
good Judgement of it, and then lay out for your self.
But do what you please, and for me ten thousand acres
or as much as you think will be good, the Quit rent I
know will be high but the Land is well Situated : I wish
you good succes in all things and g*^ health and to your
Son to whom pray give my Service I wish the same thing
Sir
Your most obed* humble Serv*
Geo Clarke
[Addressed:] To the Honble Cadwallader
Golden Esq"" Surveyor General of
the province of New York
at Albany
Certificate about Agreement with Cadwallader C olden
for One Thousand Acres
[Document signed]
Whereas James De Lancey, John Lyndesay, Paschal
Nelson Jacob Glen & W™ Bowen have petitioned to
have four thousand acres added to the six thousand for-
merly surveyed, these are to certifie that it is and was
the intention & agreement of the said Petitioners that D""
Cadwallader Golden Esq"" should have one thousand acres
out of the said six thousand acres so surveyed on the
west side of Arie's Creek in witness whereof two of the
aforesaid petitioners have hereunto set their hands this
12*^ day of Nov' 1736
James De Lancey
Paschal Nelson
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 247
To Mrs. John Hill
[c. November-December, 1736?]
Madam
I wrote to you by the first post that went after I
came to town & every week I expected to hear from you
since but am disapointed. Many things have lately hap-
pen'd to disquiet my mind which it was not in my power
to prevent & therefor I only look upon them as the mis-
fortunes which unavoidably befall us in human life &
can bear up against them with Patience but if any thing
can have happen'd to lessen your affection to me it would
be an afiiiction that would sink me more than any thing
else that can happen to me except the loss of my dear
wife & Children. As to what relates to our publick dif-
ferences I never in my life have been more careful to
carry an upright heart than now & I am confident you
can have no other account of my conduct I am sure
you can have no other that is true Pray do not omit
to write to me by the return of this post because I hope
to be with my family soon after the time it usually re-
turns & without having a line from you I cannot hope
to see them with that Pleasure that I otherwise shall.
Inclosed is a letter from my brother which I receiv'd
since I wrote last to you I know not the contents of
it but you will perceive that the paper of my letter has
stuck to the Wax of this which broke part of the seal
in taking it out inadvertently but you will also perceive
that the letter has not been open'd. I have none from
my Father later than y^ 29*'' of August & from my brother
of the 4*^ of Sepf which I suppose is like wise the date
of the inclosed. I have heard every week from my wife
& family by the last they continued in health My
wife tells me that Sandy is extremely diligent & careful
more than what can be expected from one of his
years Betty returns home with me next week & you
would have some pleasure to see how much she is taken
notice of by the best families in this place. We have
248 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
some hopes of an accomadation of our publick differ-
ences but whether it will succeed God only knows
Betty humbly offers her Duty to you I am
Your Dutyfull Nephew
Cadwallader Golden
[Addressed:] To M^^ Elizabeth Hill dwt
at Philadelphia NY 6:
To Mrs. John Hill
GoLDENGHAM March 27''^ 1737
Madam
The Winter has been so extremely severe that we
have had very few opportunities of hearing from New
York or writing to it & this is the only reason that you
have not hear'd from us & we hope there is no other
reason of our not hearing from you. We have been all
in good health & still continue so & our Gattle [like] wise
are all in good state so that I have not lost any nor do
I think any of them in danger because I have still a good
stock fodder. I shall long very much to hear from you
to know how you have supported under the severity of
this last Winter & to know when to expect you at New
York, I shall be obliged to go very soon thither but
if I can avoid it I shall not stay long there because I
expect to be obliged to be much from home afterwards
in the Business of my Office I shall know this with
more certainty at New York from whence I design to
write to you. My wife would endeavour to meet you
at New York & we beg of you not to prevent our showing
to the World how desirous we are of doing our Duty to
you & pleas'd with your design of living with us It
is the least we can do since you will not permit any of
us to wait on you at Philadelphia I shall write to you
at my Arival at New York This goes by one of our
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 249
Neighbours Samuel Crawford who promises to deliver
it with his own hand & I expect will call for an
Answer My Wife & the Children join all heartily
in their Duty to you & are full of the hopes of seeing
you soon I am
Your Dutyfull Nephew
Cadwallader Colden
I set out tomorrow for New Y[ork]
Pray remember us kindly to your Landlord
[Addressed:] To M" Elizabeth Hill
at M"" Francis Knowles the
Corner house over against the
Market House
Philadelphia
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
New York Sept^ U'"" 1737 Saturday
My Dear
I wrote yesterday while I was hurried very much in
time M"" Clintone can tell you how I have been this
day I was in hopes to have been able to have had
time to write to you by him so as to have made some
amends for the shortness of my former & in the manner
of writing it But there is such a variety of publick &
private Business on which people are continually talking
to me that it is hardly possible for me to compose my
thoughts so as to prevent other thoughts continually
returning upon me. You may easily imagine for this
reason as well as for many others how much more agre-
able it would be to me to be at home than here but it is
to no purpose to propose it I must deny myself this
Pleasure & Satisfaction for some time & I hope you will
with your usual prudence & Discretion take such care of
250 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
your self as to give me as few anxious thoughts about
you as possible for of this only am I anxious. I could
not doubt of your care about every thing else & your
accounts of the Farm convince me that it is as well taken
care of as it could be if I were present & that nothing
suffers in that respect. I am pleas'd with Cad's letter
to me when I can have time I'l write to him. I can have
no time to enquire about Waggon wheels but I shall do
it I think next Munday w*''" probably may be an idle day.
M"" Allen is in Town & was this morning to see me he
goes home again next Munday. I am told that M""
Evans is in such circumstances that when he gets peo-
ples money in his hands It is not easy to get it from him.
Please to inform my Aunt of this that she may give the
proper orders but it will not be proper for her to mention
the reason because I was inform'd in Friendship & told
something of his circumstances that makes me affray'd
of her money not being safe in his hands. I sent up a
letter to her from Philadelphia which you do not mention
to be received tho you tell me of your receiving the letter
from M"" Mathews's in which it was inclosed. I design
to send by M"" Clintone 3 doz° limes & 9 lemmons. Betty
is gone to dine at Capt° Norris' I stay at home that
I may have eating time of day to write this
The publick affairs seem to be in a fluctuating state
by the Various News from England of Lord De la Ware's
being speedily expected & soon after that he was not to
come. Upon w*"^ some people openly declared against
M"" Clarke that now wish to be Friends again & make
applications for that purpose. There may be somethings
w*^*" I have forgot to mention by my thoughts being en-
gaged & w*^^ I hope will be excused. Remember me
DutyfuUy to my Aunt I am glad to hear she has been
so well as to walk over the Farm & I am fond to believe
that she thinks we have not been idle & lazy whatever
else she may dislike & that She remembers what a stony
Country she saw near Boston that now yield considerable
rents. We expect a great number of People next year
from Europe My love to my dear Children I hope
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 251
they give you all the Pleasure possible I cannot con-
clude without again begging of you to take care of your
self
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Golden
The Dispute between Coll Gaasbeck & Chambers ^
is now hearing before the house & now at two o'clock
he hear the house is not broke up so that it seems to oc-
casion long debate M"" Clintone will be able to tell
you the issue
[Addressed:] To W Colden
at Coldenghame
[Endorsed:] Sept^ 17 8
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
New York Oct^ 5**^ 1737
weddensday morning
My Dear
Tho' I have nothing new to add since my last I could
not let this Opportunity pass without giving my self the
pleasure of sending this paper with my hand on it to
kiss your fair hand. The Vexatious Scrutiny is not over
& will not I believe till near the end of the week Till
that is over & some days afterwards pass we shall not be
able to Judge of the Success of our Affai[rs] Betty &
I are both in good health. Rememb[er] me Dutyfully
to my Aunt & affectionately to the Children My last
was by Heywood. You see I never forget you You
are seldom out of my Mind & would gladly do any thing
^ Sic. Abraham Hasbrook contested the election in Ulster County,
claiming a seat in the Assembly, but the Assembly decided on Septem-
ber 17, 1737, in favor of Colonel Abraham Gaasbeck Chambers. See
Journal of the General Assembly of New York, September 6, 8, 14, 17,
1737.
252 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
to remove all uneasiness you may be under by my Ab-
sence & I must beg of you for my sake to do your part
that we may have an agreable Meeting which you cannot
without avoiding anxious or Melancholy Thoughts I
believe it will be proper for Sandy to come down as soon
as some care is taken of the Wharf & Storehouse This
I think absolutely necessary to preserve both in the
Winter
I am
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Golden
[Addressed:] To W Golden
at Goldenghame
[Endorsed:] Oct' 5*'^ 12
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
New York Oct' lO*"^ 1737
My Dear
I have nothing to write you since my last by a man
that lives with James Monel but having the Opportunity
of the Markham's I could not let them go without a hne
to you that you may see tho you be absent in person
your never absent from my thoughts & that I may as
much as possible alleviate any uneasiness you may have
by my absence which I cannot avoid at this time without
disobliging all my Friends & perhaps injuring my
self If they want your hands any time to assist them
at raising house or such like I am desirous to show our
selves good Neighbours. I have wrote to Sandy to in-
deavour to get the wharf & Storehouse secured other-
wise they will be in Danger this Winter He must
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 253
indeavour to get the People of Goshen to assist & you
must send Andrew & Peter. I beheve it will be proper
for you to kill the old cow by the beginning of Next
month. She & all the Catle that are design'd to be
kill'd must be put with the Milch Cows & Calves into
the Indian Corn field as soon as the Corn shall be pull'd
& the horses that are to be kept up in the Winter The
other horses should be turn'd out to save the Grass in
the fields & collars put on them in case they break into
the Fences We must keep up the same number of
Horses we did last Year besides some Colts It is im-
possible for me at this distance without particular In-
formation to direct for Becky Borelands son with any
certainty He may drink constantly a Decoction of
Sassafras roots & keep his body open by taking every
other day or third day a quarter of an ounce of Brim-
stone This I think he may try without danger
If George Ehns do not come to do the Waggon wheels
Sandy or Andrew must send me down the Measure &
Dimensions of the Old Waggon wheels in every part as
exactly as they can & I shall endeavour to get them
don here before Spring
When I began to write I thought I had no particular
to say but I find I have fiU'd a great part of the paper
with directions I hope the next time I write I shall
be able to tell how long my stay is like to be I am
not kept here by any pleasure I have Betty & I were
over yesterday at M"" Kennedy's where we found the
house & Children in extraordinary good Order & the wife
& man seem to be exceedingly pleas'd with each other.
I sent up a pot of Oj^sters with Heywood which I hope
you have receiv'd I wish Sandy may keep every thing
easy with his partner till I return or till I see him here
if he come down before my return but the Wharf & store-
house must be taken care of in time otherwise all may
be lost We have no News but you may expect some
next week I believe. Remember me dutyfully to my
Aunt & affectionately to our Children I long very
254 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
much to be with you & them & will be with you as soon
as I can I am
My Dear Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Golden
[Addressed:] To M" Golden
at Goldenghame
[Endorsed:] Octr 10 13
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
New York
Oct^ 29*'' 1737 Saturday
My Dear
I have had so much company with me this morning
that I was obliged to direct Betty to write of every par-
ticular that she could think of. The leather is bought
& shall be sent by the first safe Oppertunity. I cannot
as yet fix a certain time for my return nor till something
which is contingent shall be don & I have several things
to be don in my office the Surveys of which are not yet
come to Town. I have stronger hopes that our pubhck
affairs will have a good Issue. The Hinges &c are like-
wise bought & shall be sent with the Leather You
have laid the strongest obligations on me by your reso-
lute going through the fatigues & uneasiness that my
absence so long has laid upon you & I hope your Resolu-
tion will hold out to the last that is till we shall have
a cheerfull meeting We are all in good health here &
very Gheerfull Remember me Dutyfully to my
Aunt I am glad to hear from Sandy that she keeps
so well I hope she will more & more be reconciled to
our manner of Living You must never forget me to
the Ghildren I am
Your most affectionate
Gadwall.^der Golden
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 255
To Mrs. Cadwallader C olden
Thursday Morning Nov^ 10*'' 1737
My Dear
I have yours of the 'iV' of Oct^ & 2^ of this Month
wherein you [torn] me for being so short in my last let-
ters & at the same time commit the fault you blame me
for. I am well assured it is not want of inclination to
spend time in writing to me that made yours so short &
I believe likewise you have no worse Opinion of me
There is not a day passes without anxious reflexions on
the Solitariness & Difficulties you must be uneasy under
in my absence & if I had foreseen before I left you that
it would have been so long I should not have been so
easily perswaded to come to this place at the time I left
you But however I am in hopes it will be a means of
making our meeting more agreable if possible to each
other & add to our Satisfaction afterwards. I am in
hopes every thing will go well and the Peace & Quietness
will be restored to the Countr>^ By the last Post from
Philad*^ the Gov^ had letters of the 15*" of Sepf By
them & by the publick News papers of the same date
we have the News that Lord Delawar has resign'd the
Governm* of New York We hear of none else ap-
pointed but it is expected that M"" Clarke will be the
person Lord Delawar has got the first Troop of Horse
Guards How many changes have there been since I
saw you I write this in expectation that it will go by
Capt° Hoffman Sandy & Betty will set out this
week I did my endeavour to have leave to go with
them but the Arguments were so strong against it that I
could not press the thing farther This week we hope
to have the main Business don that is, what chiefly con-
cerns the Governor But as mens minds cannot soon be
entirely settled & easy after such great Confusions &
Anim-[torn] lately happen'd he is apprehensive that af-
fairs may be easily disorder'd by unforeseen accedents &
he discover'd so much concern on my proposing to go
home that I could not insist upon it tho' my stay is as
256 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
much against my own Inclinations as any thing can 1
expect you shall see your Children in a few days after
you shall have receiv'd this & that the many things that
Betty will have to tell you will amuse you till the time
that I hope to be with you which shall be as soon as
possible for me to make it The winter Season is now
so near that they must come to some speedy Resolution
in the Assembly & we cannot think that they would sit
so long only with a view to spend the Country's money
& not to do Business
I intend to send the letters I have from our Relations
with Sandy & Betty In the mean time pray remem-
ber me DutyfuUy to my Aunt I am glad to hear by
Sandy that she keeps her health so well & is so hearty.
The Hinges Leather & some other things went up last
week by Harrison Sandy tells me that she wonders
there is no letter for her from Philadelphia we have
enquired & there is none nor has been any but what I
sent up I must repeat again that what I formerly
wrote of M"" Evans is not without good Ground. Re-
member me kindly to all the Children I long very
much to be with you all I have hear'd of John M'^
Neals wife & design to send this by her Sandy & Betty
design to set out Saturday afternoon if I do not stop them
with the hopes of going in a day or two longer with them
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Colden
[Addressed:] To M'« Colden
at Coldenghame
[Endorsed:] No^' 10 20
From Philip Livingston
Albany 26 May 1738
Sir
I hope you have Received Survey for the 4000 Acres
of Land between Schelluynes & Joh® Kremmers which I
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 257
Sent under your Sons Cover f) M' John Schuyler. I begg
you to make Return of the Same, half in my name and
half in name of Arent Stevens for which Last I wrote
my Son to Petition for a Warrant of Survey and to Send
it you directly. Pray make at the Same time Return of
the 1000 acres at Cobles kill, in name of Arent Bradt,
and be pleased to Send his deed of trust to you back.
I have gott the draught from Maj' Glen for the 3000
Acres of wood Land which we agreed to take between us
to the westw*^ of Canajohere, vested in the Crown being
included in Jacob Lansinghs Purchase which I sent you
^ Swits in a Cover to be put a Shore at Newborough. I
Orderd my Son to Petition for a Warrant of Survey in the
names of Coenraet Rightmeyer and Joh^ D^ Foreest both
men who I am Sure will Convey us. however Shall
take a deed of trust from them as soon as y^ warrant
is out. I mention now to the Gov'" that we are to Peti-
tion for a warrant of Survey, for the above 3000 acres,
my Son Philip went up Soon after your departure. I
question whether your Son has finishd Lindesays and
Wageners Surveys. While the last has been disappointed
by the Indians a whole week. So that I Suppose it will
be the Latter end of next week till they gett up at y®
falls after they be there I Expect to hear of their Suc-
cess ab^ the Land on y^ North Side of y^ River. I wish
you would be pleased to mention unto me how much your
demand is for y^ Surveys & Returns of the above Lands
being in all 6500 Acres pray Send your Letter to N.
Borough Swits will Call for it as he comes back from New
York, then I may Soon know what it is, and then I
can without any Loss of time order your Money, and gett
out the Patents for the Same while delay may be dan-
gerous, with mine & my wifes best Respects to & Lady
I am Sir
Your Most Humble Servant
Ph. Livingston
258 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Deed to Cadwallader Golden for land in present
Warren County, N. Y.
[Document in Colden's handwriting, signed]
This Indenture made the twenty fourth day of
August in the twelfth year of the Reign of our Sovereign
Lord George the second by the grace of God of Great
Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the faith
Annoq^ Domini one thousand seven hundred & thirty
eight Between Patrick Mc Claghry of the County of
Ulster & Andrew Mc Dowal of the County of Westches-
ter Yeomen of the one part & Cadwallader Colden of the
County of Ulster Esquire of the other Part whereas our
s*^ Sovereign Lord did by his letters patent under the
great seal of the Province of New York bearing date the
eighteenth day of this present month did give grant
ratify & confirm unto the s*^ Patrick Mc Claghry & An-
drew Mc Dowal and to their Heirs and Assigns all those
several Tracts or Parcels of land scituate lying & being
in the County of Albany on the north side of the Mo-
hawks River about forty eight miles above Schenectady
distinguished in the Map annexed to the said letters
Patent by the names of Lotts N" 10 N<^ 16 N° 17
N" 26 & N" 37 as the same are described butted &
bounded in the said letters patent & in the Certificate
of the setting out of the same annexed to the same letters
Patent Containing together three thousand seven hun-
dred & ten Acres of land & the usual allowance for high-
ways as by the same letters patent reference being
thereunto had may more fully appear Now this Inden-
ture Witnesseth that the said Patrick Mc Claghry &
Andrew Mc Dowal in Consideration of five Shillings to
them in hand paid by the said Cadwallader Colden before
the executing of these presents the receipt whereof they
hereby acknowledge & themselves to be therewith fully
satisfied Have Granted Bargain'd & Sold & Demised &
by these presents do grant bargain & sell unto him the
said Cadwallader Colden all & every the lands tenements
Hereditaments & other the premises with their & every
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 259
of their appurtenancies in & by the said letters patent
granted as aforesaid and the reversion & reversions & re-
mainders rents Issues & Profits thereof & of every part
thereof To have & to hold all & every the said lands &
tenements & other the premises aforesaid with their &
every of their appurtenances in & by the said letters pat-
ent granted as aforesaid unto him the said Cadwallader
Golden his Executors Adm'"^ & Assigns from the day be-
fore the date hereof for & during & untill the full end
& term of one whole year from thence next ensueing &
fully to be compleated & ended Yielding & Paying there
for unto them the said Patrick Mc Claghry & Andrew
Mc Dowal & to his heirs & Assigns the rent of one pepper
corn at the feast of S* John the baptist if the same shall
be lawfully demanded To the intent & purpose that
by the Virtue hereof & the Statute made for transferring
uses into possession the said Cadwallader Golden may be
in the Actual possession & seizure of all & singular the
said lands tenements & hereditaments with their & every
of their appurtenances in & by the said letters patent
granted as aforesaid & may hereby be enabled to accept
of a grant & release of the reversion & Inheritance of the
same in & by these presents mentioned or intended to be
granted bargain'd & demised as aforesaid to the use &
behoof of him the said Gadwallader Golden his heirs &
assigns for ever In Witness whereof the said parties
to these presents have interchangeably set their hands &
seals the day & year first above written
Sealed & Deliver'd Andrew M^'Dowell
by Andrew Mc Dowal in Patrick M'^Glaghry
the presence of Peter De Lancey
Eliz: De Lancey
And by Patrick McGlaghry
in the presence of
John Markham
her
Sarah X Sweet
mark
260 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From John Lindesay
Albany 2V' No^ 1738
Sir
I have done my Self the Favour to write you this day
in Comp^ with M"" Livingston to which I refer you. this
will be Deliverd you by M'' Brown who hath Surveyed
the Land adjoining to the Go''^ and my Land of which
I Desire you will make a return as Soon as it comes to
your hands, the Go"" wrote me that you have y^ warrant.
As you will know by M"" Brown he hath Surveyed for
Ja^ Henderson me & Comp^ 6000 Acers, of very good
Land. I have given M'" Brown y*" first warrant for Sur-
veying 6000 Acers, & I wrote to M"" Henderson to Get a
warrant for y^ 10,000 Acers in M"" Livingston, your
younges Son Chaldwalladers John Depyster, Petri & my
name for 2000 Acers to each M"" Henderson has 4000
in y^ first warrant. I hope M"" Henderson hath Got the
warrant So for So it must be, they all haveing my obliga-
tion & you my Promise for y*' Same. I have payed y*
Purchase y® Charges and the Survey how soon I have
got in all y® Ace* I Shall State your Sons part to your
Debite I offer my kind Service to M" Coldene and
all your Family & am
Dear Sir
Your most humble Ser'
John Lindesay
From Peter De Lancey
New York January 25'^ 1738/9
D^S'
We had the happyness of hearing from you by An-
drew mackdowl January 6^^ which was the Day my wife
was anoculated She is now Bravely & has but Seven-
teen poxes in her face to be Seen which are very full and
of the Best Sort She dont keep her bed for them I
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 261
hope in a fe[w] d[ays] She will be able to dance the
room She would [h]ave wrote but was affraid the
infection mought by her letters be Carried up & her eyes
are week we herd from Stephen this Day and he was
very well I would be very glad my Brother Sandy
would Send me an invetary of his goods he left here that
I mought know how to Send them on board of what ever
vessel he pleases to order when the time permits. We
hear that Jere: Dunbar has wrote home Against M*"
Kenedy he Says that M*" Kenedy keeps a Boat for his
own pleasure & Charges the King £40 Sterling for it a
year he likewise promist the informers of the powder
£18 and [torn] him £3 and Several other things he
aledges [torn] him which gives great reason to think that
dumbar will do a[ny] thing to hurt a good friend to
Serve hims[elf] My wife Joyns with me in offering
our Du[ty] to you & my mother Love to Brothers &
Sisters [not] forgetting M" Hill I hear no news in
town [I] Conclude in assureing you I am D"" S"" your
most Affec* Son & Humble Servant
Peter De Lancet
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq""
Att Coldingha[m]
[Note on outside sheet:]
Please to let me hear by Peter how my brother &
Sister does Tobias got this from M"' Alsop yester-
day at the meeting I did not See tobias so know
not how it came
A. COLDEN
Fro7n William Markham to Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
Greenage June W^ 1739
D^ Mad'"
I have not made use of your kind Letter to your old
friend but am as much oblidged to you as if I had. I
262 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
agreed to Stay here as it is Convenient to the town &
free from the Small pox, where I live after a very Dis-
consolate maner, haveing no amusement but the Sad
thoughts of leaveing you & your good family with whom
I co'd wish to live and die. I now Confess that I felt
more Concern the last time I came from your house than
ever I felt in America or ever thought I Should, for I
own I wo'd be ashamed to have been met (upon pasture
Ridge) by any body that I was known to. I have Seen
Some friends here, but fear I Shall not See M""^ Delancey
who I wo'd be glad to take my leave off & do wish her
as well as if my own Sister. I wo'd have wrote to the
young Ladys but fear I Should give offence which is a
thing I allways avoided as much as possible & hope I
allways Shall. I asure you they are not Indiferent to me
which is the reason I am Shy of writeing, for I now find
the truth of omnia Vincit Amor, therefore hope you will
Excuse me if I should wTite nonsense or any thing y*
might give offence & do not Impute it to the want of
Respect for I Sincerely & heartily wish you & all your
family all the hapiness that this Life can aford or man-
kind In joy, and am
Mad""
Your Disconsolate but most Sincere & most obed*
H^'^ Servant
Will: Markham
P. S. I beg you'd Remember my Love to all the Children
but Especially to M' Jenny & M^ Elsy, if I were Certain
of Returning I wou'd not part them or you as I did. it
is now Saturday and I have not Seen the Sun Since
Munday
[Addressed:] To M" Alice Colden
att
Coldengham
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 263
From John Armitt to Mrs. John Hill
Philad: 10th 7 mo. 1739
[torn] Fr*^
Since I reed, [faded] -empted to Speak to Peter
Evans [faded] -on as he See me, he desired I would
[faded] for he knew what I was come about, and that
he would Soon finish thy affairs. Eliz. Morris and Widow
Richardson, tell me they will write to thee As for
Kelly's ground rent, I have given the tenant notice, he
is to pay me the rent, & I intend to look after it. here
is little alteration in thy affairs since my last. I use
my Endeavours to gett in thy Intrest mony. The Widow
Newman was buried last month, thy Accquaintance are
generally as well as usual. Isaac Norris is married to
Sally Logan Benj* Shomaker to Elizabeth the daugh-
ter of [A] nth"* Morris. It affords a generall pleasure &
Satisfaction to t[hy] frien[ds w]hen they hear from thee,
here [torn] often Enquiring after [torn] Joyn with many
more in [torn] I conclude with due resp[ect] [torn]
I took this opportunity ^ my nei-[torn] Isaacs to Save
postage.
[Addressed:] For EUzabeth Hill
to be left at
Peter Delancies
In New York
[Endorsed:] [Jo]hn Armitt
[l]Oth Sept' 1739
From Philip Livingston
Albany 7*^ August 1740
D** Golden
Sir
I come to return you thanks for the readiness in
Makeing out a New return with another Certificate for
the Land for D^ Peyster Petri and myself, which M'
264 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Morris had lost and Denyed to have received from me.
I am inform'd now that after you sent the same to my
son he has dehverd that he had from me to M"" Robinson
the Deputy Sec. Such useage is hard upon you and dis-
appoints those concern'd as well as me wherein I have
had much trouble. But that is not thought off at all.
I have had the Misfortune while I was at the manor
last Spring, that the Survey my Son made for the Land
at the Garmain Fall has been mislayd in Cleaning my
house, and have not been able to find it Since, it was
only for 800 Acres to w*"* what is already surveyed was to
be added to make up the 2000 Acres, in what Manner
its to be done I Can't say. I stand to our Agreement we
made to pay you Twenty Pistols and have the Land,
wherefore I wish you would be Pleas'd to give your Di-
rections to have the Survey compleat'd as soon as may be
in order to Expedite the Patent, for Delays may be dan-
gerous. With mine and my wifes best Respects to your
Self and Lady, I am
Sir
Your most Humble Servant
Ph. Livingston
[Addressed:] For The Hon^^^ Cadwallader Colden Esq""
att
Coldenham
[Endorsed:] New York W" Aug'* 1740
Forwarded by Sir
Y"" most hum^ Serv'
P. V. B. Livingston
From Mrs. Peter De Lancey
New York June P* 1741
S'
I was in great hopes to have had the pleasure of hear-
ing from you by Saturdays Post. I have not had that
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 265
Satisfaction since your first from Rhodisland.^ your
letter to my Mother by the post before last I had an
oppertunity of sending teusday last, but have not heard
from her since so that I am ignorant of what was in it.
I heard from my Brother Sandy the 25'^ Instant my
Aunt has been much out of order but was better the
rest of the family were all well. I told you in my last
Sir I was going the day after to Westchester I went
accordingly & spent a fortnight there very agreably. I
return'd yesterday was a week & found M"" De Lancey
well which Blessing I thank God we all in joy except
Stephen who is a little disorder'd with an ugly cough.
I wish Sir I knew any news that would be entertaining
to write to you the chief talk now in Town is about
the Negroes conspiracy the Judges are every day
gaining more knowledge concerning it a great many
it seems has been concern'd in the plot, a [torn] -ed one
they had laid, two of the Conspirators was [burned] the
day before yesterday one was M"" Philips's Cuff & the
other a Negro of Rosevelts they confesst their setting
the Fort on fire & other places & that their intent was
to burn the City & Murder the Whites, they talk that
the Spaniards are concern'd & that ours in particular
design'd to have sat fire to the house & to have distroy'd
us but there is no certain proof yet of it but no doubt
it will be examin'd into, he is still in prison Huston -
has been their manager & Ringleader. Sentence has not
yet been pass'd upon him I think no death can be too
bad for him he is prov'd to be a most vile wicked
Wretch.
S"" since I wrote what is above I luckily received one
from my Mother with one for you. I am very glad you
will have the pleasure to hear she was so lately well I
find she had not receiv'd the one I sent her from you
which I mention'd in the fore part of my letter. While
I was in the Country M*" De Lancey sent several letters
1 Golden went to Providence as one of the Gommissionerg to settle
the Massachusetts-Rhode Island boundary.
2 John Hughson.
266 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
to you which had been left att the house by a Sloop,
which I hope you have got Please to say for me to
the Chief Justice I saw his family all well yesterday
M"" De Lancey desires to be remember'd to you & him
also. Cap*° Waren has taken another prize, a Spanish
Privateer we heard he was well by a Vessel that met
him carrying in his prize but there are no letters from
him he had not time to write Sis'" Waren ^ & her
family are well as is my Father in laws also I have
no more to ad Sir but my best wishes for your health &
happiness which allways shall be the prayer of D"" S"
Your most dutifull & obedient Daughter
Eliz: De Lancet
I hear a Negro of Pecks cut his
throat last night I suppose he
knew himself guilty & did it to
prevent a harder death
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Col[den]
att
Providen[ce]
These
From Cadwallader Colden to Lieutenant-Governor
George Clarke ^
COLDENGHAM AgUSt 3*^ 1741
S'
I now Send to M"" John Livingston the Return of
13000 Acres of land pursuant to the Warrant I receiv'd
last from you which no doubt he will emmediatly put
into the ofl&ce and I have drawn on you for twenty six
1 Peter De Lancey's sister, Susannah, married (Sir) Peter Warren.
Their father was Stephen De Lancey.
2 This and the following three letters to Clarke and Livingston, all
dated August 3, 1741, are copied on one sheet of paper, in a handwriting
other than Colden's. The sheet is endorsed: Copy of Letters to M'
Clarke & M' J" Livingstone.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 267
pounds payable to M"" Alexander which is in full for half
of my fees for the s'^ Tract. I have at the same time
drawn on M"" John Livingston for the other half. I
presume the more to do this by reason that if you had
not by your letter assumed to your self that payment
I had otherwise securd it. Please to consider S'" whether
it may be proper to add to the usual words in the Cer-
tificate some thing to the following purpose. That by
reason of Mountains on both sides of said Tract We
judge the setting out as above to be Conformable to His
Majesties Instructions notwithstanding of the lenth
along the Branch of Susquehana River
When I left Providence I promised to be there again
the 9^^ of Sepf next the day of adjournment of the
Court of Comiss" & I intend for that purpose to sett out
from this the last thursday in this Month I am
S'
To the Hon''^^ George Clarke Esq
From Cadwallader Colden to Lieutenant-Governor
George Clarke
[Copy]
COLDENGHAM AgUSt 3'^ 1741
Pleas to pay to James Alexander Esq or order the
Sume of twenty six pounds Current Money of New York
as P advise from
Your most obedient humble Servant
To the Hon^i^ George Clarke Esq
268 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Cadwallader Colden to John Livingston
[Copy]
COLDENGHAM AugCSt S'*^ 1741
I in Close the Return of a Survey of thirteen thou-
sand Acres of Land for which your Father gave Me his
promissary Note of hand in the following words viz'
I do Promise to pay unto Cadwallader Colden Esq or
order the sume of twenty eight pounds Current money
of New York for half his fees of a return of Survey
for thirteen thousand Acres of land in the Mohogg
Contry which is in the Names of Volkert Oaghout John
Dewitt James Gardiner & others Survey'd by his Deputy
my son Phillip Livingston Jun'' & to pay also as above
the sum of Eight pounds like Current Money for his
share of the fees of Survey all as soon as th[e] [torn]
shall be delivered my son Peter at New York Witt-
ness my hand this SO**" day of June 1741 Ph: Livingston
I have likewise his letter ^ of the 25*^ of July from
Albany in which he tells me that he expects his sons
Robert & Peter with their wives & Children at the Man-
nor & directs me to send this return to you in M"" Peters
absence having directed you to Act in his Absence I
have there [fore] drawn on you a Bill for thirty six
pounds Current money of New York payable to James
Alexander Esq & his Re[ceipt] on s^ bill shall be a Dis-
charge in full of your Father's Note above Mentioned.
I Supose you know that the oth[er] half of the land is
for the Governor. I write to your Father giving him
an Account of what I have done which I design to leave
at Newburgh for Peter Winn as he gose up if no oper-
tunity offers Sooner I am
S'
P.S. Last fryday I sent by Nacks the Boatman a return
of two thousand of land with the Islands in Peter
1 Philip Livingston's letter of July 25, 1741, is printed in A'^. Y. H. S.
Collections for 1918, 223-24.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 269
Winne's Name but for your Father & desir'd you to Pay
twenty pistoles to My Daughter De Lancey which your
Father Agreed to Pay & I beleive sent the Money by
Cap*° Winne but I could not make the return whille he
staid at my house
To M"" John Livingston
From Cadwallader Golden to John Livingston
[Copy]
COLDENGHAM AgUSt 3*^ 1741
Please to Pay to James Alexander Esq or order the
Sume of thirty six pounds Current Money of New York
& his Receipt shall be a full discharge of a Note of hand
of Your Father Phillip Livingston Esq for said sume
dated the 30*'' of June last as ^ advice from S""
Your humble Serv*
To M' John Livingston
Merch* in New York
Anonymous Letter to Cadwallader Colden about the
Negro Plot in New York, 1741
[Copy in Colden's handwriting]
Copy of a letter which I receiv'd the S^^ of July ^
inclosed in one from my Daughter De Lancey &
which she says came by the Post it was under
a cover directed To the Honourable Cadwallader
Colden Esq at New York The direction & the
letter appear to be wrote in a feign'd hand
1 Sic for August 8, 1741.
270 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Province of the Massachusets Bay 1741 [July 23?]
I am a stranger to you & to New York, & so must
beg pardon for the mistakes I may be guilty off in the
subsequent attempt; The Design whereof is to endeavour
the putting an end to the bloody Tragedy that has been,
& I suppose still is acting amongst you in regard to the
poor Negros & the Whites too. I observe in one of the
Boston News letters dated July IS*** that 5 Negros were
executed in one day at the Gallows, a favour indeed,
for one next day was burnt at the stake, where he im-
peached several others, & amongst them some whites.
Which with the former horrible executions among you
upon this occasion puts me in mind of our New England
Witchcraft in the year 1692 Which if I dont mistake
New York justly reproached us for, & mockt at our
Credulity about; but may it not now be justly retorted,
mutato nomine de te fabula narratur. What grounds
you proceed upon I must acknowledge my self not suffi-
ciently informed of; but finding that these 5 who were
put to Death in July denied any Guilt, It makes me sus-
pect that your present case, & ours heretofore are much
the same, and that Negro & Spectre evidence will turn
out alike. We had near 50 Confessors, who accused
multitudes of others, alledging Time & Place, & Various
other circumstances to render their Confessions credible,
that they had their meetings, form'd confederacies, sign'd
the Devils book &c. But I am humbly of Opinion that
such Confessions unless some certain Overt Act appear
to confirm the same are not worth a Straw; for many
times they are obtain'd by foul means, by force or
torment, by Surprise, by flattery, by Distraction, by
Discontent with their circumstances, through envy that
they may bring others into the same condemnation, or in
hopes of a longer time to live, or to dy an easier death
&c. For any body would chuse rather to be hanged than
to be burnt. It is true I have heard something of your
Forts being burnt, but that might be by Lightning from
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 271
Heaven, by Accedent, by some maliceous person or per-
sons of our own colour. What other Feats have been
performed to petrify your hearts against the poor blacks
& some of your neighbours the whites, I cant tell; But
2 things seem impossible to me almost in rerum natura,
That the whites should join with the Blacks, or that the
Blacks (among whom there are no doubt some rational
persons) should attempt the Destruction of a City when
it is impossible they should escape the just & direfuU
Vengeance of the Countries round about, which would
immediatly & unavoidably pour in upon them & destroy
them
Possibly there have been some murmuring amongst
the Negroes & a mad fellow or 2 has threatened & de-
sign'd Revenge, for the Cruelty & inhumanity they have
met with, which is too rife in the English Plantations
(& not long since occasioned such another tremendous
& unreasonable Tragedy at Antego) And if that be all
it is a pity there have been such severe animadversions.
And if nothing will put an end hereto till some of higher
degree & better circumstances & Characters are accused
(which finished our Salem Witchcraft) the sooner the
better, lest all the poor People of the Government perish
in the merciless flames of an Imaginary Plot.
In the mean time excuse me & dont be offended, if
out of Friendship to my poor Countrymen & compassion
to the Negros (who are flesh & blood as well as we &
ought to be treated with Humanity) I intreat you not
to go on to Massacre & destroy your own Estates by
making Bonfires of the Negros & perhaps thereby load-
ing yourselves with greater Guilt than theirs. For we
have too much reason to fear that the Divine Vengeance
does & will pursue us for our ill treatment to the bodies
& souls of our poor slaves and therefore
Let Justice be don to your own people, whatever
Treatment the People of the Massachusets may meet
with when you set in Judicature about their affairs. All
which is humbly submitted by a Well wisher to all
272 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
humane Beings & one that ever desires to be of the
merciful! side &c.
To Lieutenant-Governor George Clarke
[Unsigned draft in Colden's handwriting]
[August, 1741]
I have the honour of yours of the 3*^ of this month.
I hope all the Certificats may be ready to be sent up by
Coll Mathews or by one Stout who lives with my son at
Newburgh whom I shall direct to wait on you for that
purpose so that I may sign them before I go from hence,
which I design the last thursday of this month It will
be much out of my way to go by New York my house
being nearer to Providence than New York is & I have
been so long from home that my affairs here require all
the time I have. I have sent the Return of the Land
adjoining to Lindesay to M"" John Livingston but as I
hear that letter is still at Newburgh perhaps this may
reach your hands as soon as that can his or the letter
which I wrote along with it to you.
On Saturday last S'' I received the inclos'd letter under
cover from my Daughter All she says of it is I in-
close a letter which I receiv'd by the Boston Post I
can make no conjecture about it otherwise than any
person may who reads it. Whether the writer sincerely
discloses his own Sentiments or designs only to impose
such a belief upon others I am of Opinion it may be
Proper to publish the Priests Tryal & the other Material
Evidences of the Plot to prevent the prevailing of such
an Opinion M"" Nicolls upon viewing the Cover may
perhaps recollect whether such a letter really came by
the Post or whether it came in the Boston bag or only
by the Post man for it may have been sent to my Daugh-
ter as from the Post house tho' otherwise Another
reason of my sending the Letter to you & the Cover as
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 273
I receiv'd it is because sometimes Discoveries are made
by unexpected things as by something of the hand writ-
ing (tho this be certainly a feign'd hand) by the Seal or
the paper or the manner of its being sent & by compar-
ing them with other writings which perhaps may be
propogated or things which may be found at the same
time
[Endorsed by Golden : ] Copy of a Letter from Boston
sign'd by nobody & of a letter
to the Gov'' thereon
From Lieutetmnt-Governor George Clarke
N York Aug^ 18*^ 1741
Sir
I have the favour of yours of y® 3*^, and have accepted
your note in favour of M'' Alexander: I do not think
there is any occasion to add to the Certificate what you
mention, as the Lands do not lye on a navigable part of
a River, so that I send it to you pursuant to your return,
begging the favour of you to send it to me before you go
to Providence; I thank you for the dispatch you gave
the return after you received your Trunk ; I expect Cap*
Clinton the beginning of y"" next if not the latter end of
this month. I heartily wish the Country may setle a
Revenue for a term of years w^out applying it as they
have done of late, it is the only way I think to make
him & themselves easy; this is the doctrine I shall preach
as I have opportunities, and I hope it may be better
relished now they know I have none than when they
supposed I had some private interest in it.
I have shown yours w*^ that to you in a forgered hand
to the Chief Justice, but I fear it will be difficult to dis-
cover the author, perhaps as you are going to Provi-
dence you may, for it seemes to be wrote by an angry
man, and it may be in your Examinations you may have
274 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
wrung a Conscience too close, wherefore I return it to
you, wishing you a good journey, and well back again.
I am
S"" Your most humble Serv'^
Geo Clakke
To Lieutenant-Governor George Clarke
[Unaddressed, undated, and unsigned draft in Colden's
handwriting]
[August, 1741]
I now return the Certificat, which I receiv'd with
yours, sign'd & the [torn] to it. I promised to return
to Providence before I left [torn] & as the Commission
has cost the parties a very great Expence I think it
[torn] to prevent its being fruitless by any neglect in
us The Chief Justice ^ [torn] -stone - declar'd they
could not attend M"" Kennedy declin'd unless I did
like- [torn] five a Court cannot be held. I hope Capt"
Clinton will admit [torn] if I be not at New York at his
Arival to wait on him
Tho' I know well that there are many in New York
more [torn] forming or advising in every thing than I
am, yet I shall be [torn] declaring my Sentiments, as
one easily parts with a thing he don't [torn] & I do it
with much submission: because his future ease [torn]
People may depend much on the Measures he shall at
first take [torn] Popular Notions you know S"" have
much prevail'd in our Politicks [torn] but as I take them
to arise more from Notions occasion'd by Pike [torn]
& some false steps in preceeding Administrations than
from settled [torn] I hope Capf Clinton will by a steady
& prudent Conduct be able to [torn] over as many as
shall be necessary at least into true Sentiments of [torn]
English Constitution to which the Prerogatives of the
1 James De Lancey.
- Philip Livingston.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 275
Crown are [torn] as the Privileges of the Subject. The
Inconveniences & perhaps [torn] from the Popular part
of our Constitution assuming too much power [torn]
as great & as universally felt as by any stretch of the
Regal Pow[er] [torn] more difficultly withstood or
remedied & particularly the Influence [torn] Assembly
seems now desirous to have on the officers of [torn] in
the nomination of them & by affixing the Sallaries an-
nually to their persons by name may [torn] & more
General ill consequence than the dependance on a Gov-
ern [or] [torn] which has of late been so much the sub-
ject of Politick discourse, [torn] certainly Weakens the
hands of the administration when ever a [torn] mis-
chievous humour prevails so it may give the private
Humour of [torn] man an undue influence on the offi-
cers in every Action of their [torn] undue Influence of
men in every part of the Country must [torn] generally
& to many more particular cases than that of a Gov-
ern [or] [torn] for I suppose Assembly men in power to
be much the same men as Governors [torn] Let this
however be never so plain as men are generally fond of
p[ower] generally the most fond of it who least deserve
it I suspect the gr-[torn] will be very desirous to
preserve this Privilege as they'l account it. I [torn] if
two or three men can be brought over to a right way of
thinking [torn] they may by a Prudent Resolution I am
of Opinion (for I have [torn] noses) that even this
Assembly may be brought to the same Sentimen[ts]
[torn] other Assemblies have had. If these two or three
men (whom you [torn] better than I do) will not ex-
plain themselves fully I should not advise to give them
an opportunity but to prevent them of making [them]-
selves more popular by a Popular Act in all new Gover-
nors the giving [torn] -pie a new choice. And it should
be made appear tha[t] Popularity is [torn] only step
to favour & the only Security of holding an office I
[torn] S' given you the trouble of so long a letter in
return to the Honour [torn] done me in expressing your
sentiments to me on this subject & I [torn] you'l the
276 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
more readily believe that I sincerely express mine tho
consonant to [torn] by their being the same which I
have publickly professed on several [torn] In short
my opinion in more general terms is that without ob-
[torn] Rules of our Civil Discipline no Governor in chief
can gain or [torn] Esteem of the People whatever pri-
vate merit he may other [torn] & without Esteem no
power can give him sufficient Authority [torn] a people
headstrong with Liberty That the frequent & too
great [torn] -ances on former Administrations with
popular humours has [torn] entirely destroyed the Civil
Discipline which at last must have [torn] -me effect as
want of Discipline in an Army. I am sensible at [torn]
same time how difficult it is to restore Discipline & that
a man [torn] continuance in power is suspected to be
very short will never effect [torn] & that he can only
govern by Expedients fitted to the present time [torn]
am confident you will make no other use of the Liberty
I now take [torn] what I desire that is as you think
the reasoning just or otherwise for [torn] both to your
Judgement & Friendship in this as I shall in every [torn]
where I think you expect my Opinion for I am on all
occasions
[Endorsed:] Gov"" Clarke's & answer
From Cadwallader Colden to Edward Colliiis and
Pkillip Livingston Jr.
[Copy, unsigned, in Colden's handwriting]
[October 6, 1741]
To M"" Edward Colhns of the County of Albany
I have thought it proper to put an end to a Deputa-
tion to Survey lands formerly given you by me & I
hereby revoke annul! & make void all & every Deputa-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 277
tion Power or Authority from me to you to Survey
lands or to execute or do any part or branch of the Sur-
veyor Generals office whatsoever Given under my
hand and Seal at Coldengham in the County of Ulster
this sixth day of October in the year One thousand seven
hundred & forty one
To M"" PhiUip Livingstone Jun^
S'
I beg the favour of your delivering the inclosed to
M*" Collins from your own hand after you have read the
Contents You may either deliver it as it is or after
having clos'd it with a wafer as you shall like best I
desire likewise that you'l make it generally known that
I have revoked my Deputation to him Please to let
me know whether your Business & Inclinations will suffer
you to survey lands that I may know whether I may
trouble you with this office
From Lieutenant-Governor George Clarke
New York Ocf IQ^'^ 1741
Sir
I would ere now have acknowledged the favour of
yours w"'' accompanyed your return of the Lands for
Bleeker & co but that I was hurryed to dispatch my
letters for England.
I very readily accept the offer you make for your
daughters & M""^ Hyde, but I find this is not the time to
do it; since the Spirit of H appears at this juncture
in the person of the petition ^ for the 28,000 acres
is by the Com'tee layd by for further consideration ; but
had you been here I persuade my self it might have had
a better fate; w^hen you come to Town the 6000 acres
1 Of Leonard Gansevoort and others. See Cal. Council Minutes,
339; Cal. Land Papers, 244.
278 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
may be petitioned for. I am really in a hurry and must
beg leave to conclude w*^ assuring you that I am
Y' most humble Serv*
Geo Clarke
[Addressed:] [torn]"^ Cadwallader
[torn] [E]sq' &c^
at Coldenham
From Lieutenant-Governor George Clarke
N York Nov^ 23<^ 1741
Sir
Not thinking your Son would leave the Town to day,
I forbore writing, and being now called upon I have only
time to tell you that your fees on Schuylers patent are
paid, that those concerned in the Twenty eight thousand
acres have carryed with them to Albany the account of
every ones fees to add to it the Expence of the purchase
&c and then to send to Town to have the thing com-
pleated. I have signed the Certificate, and desire you
will do the Same and then send it to Town to some friend
to keep till your fees w^" the addition be payd.
As to the petition I do not know yet whether Collins
& those concerned at Albany will take it as you have
returned it they ought I think and so I said so far
as I know I will get that for y'" daughters &c presented.
I presume your Son has spoke abt it. I desired him the
last time I saw him. I am heartily glad your family
have got so well through the throat plague. I am S""
Y' most obed* humble Serv*
Geo Clarke
I must refer you to your Son for news
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 279
From Rev. Henry Barclay, Missionary of the Society for
the Propagation of the Gospel, December 7, 1741 ^
[Autograph letter, incomplete]
Sir
After all my waiting to consult Laurence the Inter-
preter I am at last obligd to do without him and to give
what poor & Imperfect acco" I am able with Relation
to the Indians; Your last letter seeming to require an
answer sooner than I expected. As to the Persons Habits
Buildings of the Natives, they being generally the same
I need say nothing about them. As to their Genius &
Temper, I have always found them very Tractable, and
I believe were proper methods taken they might easily
be civilized. Their Natural Capacities are very Good,
they would make good Mechanicks, and doubtless many
of them very capable of a Liberal Education. They
seem always to have Lookd upon themselves as far Su-
periour to the Rest of Mankind and accordindly Call
themselves Ongwehoenwe i. e. Men Surpasing all other
men. They are good natur'd & Hospitable, especially
those who live farther Distant from Christian Settle-
ments, and as I am told they Immediatly Offer Victuals
to a Stranger who comes into their Houses and will be
highly offended If they refuse to Eat. But this is not
common among those who Live near our Settlements by
reason that they suppose their food not Agreable to our
people when we can get other. As to their Manners &
Customs I can give you but a poor Acco" Tho doubtless
they have many Peculiar to themselves. The Mohocks,
whom I am only acquainted with, having in great meas-
ure Left their antient Customs and begin gradually to
conform to the Manners of our People. What peculiar
customs I have learn'd of the other Nations I belive are
the same formerly in vogue among them. And these
Respect only their Method of Making War, Marriages
& Funerals.
1 Cited by Golden in his Introduction to his History of the Five
Indinn Nations (London, 1747).
280 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Their only Inducement To War is Glory, and esteem
It the greater Honour, the farther distant they seek an
Enemy from their own Country. They go out always in
Small parties consisting of twenty or thirty men and
often but ten nay some times 2, 3 & 4. When any one
takes It Into his head to Go a fighting, he Endeavours
to get 2 or 3 to Joyn him who make an Entertainment.
Att which I am Told they Kill & Dress a Dog, which,
whoever partakes of, does thereby Enlist himself for
that Expedition. On this Occasion they paint them-
selves and Look hedeously and have frequent dancings
to the musick of a Drum. The day before the Set out,
they have a meeting of most men in the Town, Espe-
cially those who have been great Warriors. W^hen they
are met they Seat themselves in two ranks from one end
of the House to the other, and after a short silence they
Rise one after another and walk from one End of the
house to y'^ other singing their own & the Noble acts
of their ancestors, The cowardice & weakness of their
Enemies and Brag what great Feats they intend to do;
This meeting is concluded with a General dance in Antick
postures, which continues the best Part of the night,
and the next day the Warriours meet again Dress'd in
their Best Apparel and after another dance they march
out discharging their pieces as they Leave the Town,
their Leader Singing the War Song. Their Wives &
Relations follow them with their provisions and old
Cloaths, which they put on when 3 or 4 miles from the
Town and send back their finery. When they meet the
Enemy Every one betakes himself to a Large Tree and
from thence as Oportunity offers they fire on the Enemy.
If they meet none on their March they proceed to their
Towns or Hunting places and disperse themselves and
sculk about like Wolfs for their prey either killing of
taking captive the first unfortunate creature they meet
without regard to age or Sex. They take of the Scalp
from those they kill which they carry home as Trophy's
of their victory. Their Captives they Treat exceeding
Kind never abuse a woman on their march home But
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 281
will starve themselves to feed their prisoners. But when
they arive att any Town in friendship with them they
commonly give the poor Captive a barbarous reception.
He that Took them being oblidg'd (tho as I am told
against their will) to abandon them to the Inhumane
Cruelty of the Inhabitants, who are drawn up in two
ranks with Rods in their Hands, Through which the Poor
wretch whether man or woman is oblig'd to pass stark
naked and commonly meets with so unmercyful a
Scourging that they often drop down Before they can
get through; on these occasions, the Women are ob-
serv'd to be the most cruel. This Treatment the prisoner
must expect at every Town he comes to and full as bad
when he comes Home. After this he is presented to the
Relations of Som[e] Person deceased or killed in Battle,
who If they recei[ve] Him they immediately wash Him
and adorn hi[m with] wampun and new Aparrel, and
immediatly admit him to all the Honours Estate Title &
dignity of the deceased, whose children from that Instant
call him Father, tho It be but a Boy and they old enough
to be his Father. But If they refuse to receive him which
often hapens, The poor creature is Condemn'd to the
Greatest Tortures they can Invent Scorch'd with Hot
Irons from head to foot, some times 2 or 3 days succes-
sively, till death Puts an End to His Misery ; after which
I have been assured they feast heartily upon his Flesh.
I have been Told that these cruelties to their prisoners
was not used till Europeans came among them & that
they learn'd It from the French who to strike a Greater
Terror in the Indians Used their Prisoners in that In-
humane Manner, how True this is I cant Say, but It is
certain that the french have formerly treated the Indians
very Barbarously, Tho I am Inclin'd to think they did
this rather by way of Retalliation.
As to their Marriages, Children are entirely at their
parents disposal. When both Parties are Agree'd the
Bridegroom presents the Bride with a Blanket or Mantle
of Strouds, or some other Aparrel as a pledge of his love
& constancy. Sometime after, the Parents and relations
282 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
of the Parties present them to their Chiefs, and Declare
their purpose of Marriage, which is concluded with feast-
ing and Dancing. After the Marriage is Consumated
the Parties Still continue with their parents the man
going at night to his wife and returns home in the Morn-
ing, excepting the Seneca's, where the woman is Oblidg'd
to wait on the Man and to bring as much fire wood with
her as she can carry every Evening. Whatever the Man
takes in Hunting he brings Best part to his Wife and
leaves It to her Disposal, but also never fails to bring
some part to his own Parents. Polligamy is not usual
amongst them but divorce very common on the most
trifling occasions, without any form, the man either leav-
ing his wife or the woman [her husband] [torn]
The children are always the womans Property and
altho a Man lose his wife by Death, His Children con-
tinue with her Parents or next Relations and Hunt for
them. They are very fond of their Children and Esteem
a Numerous ofspring the Greatest Blesing
The sole Employment of the Men is Hunting. The
Women Manure the Lands It being Thought beneath the
Dignity of men to plant or Hill Corn. They Bring forth
their Children with the Greatest Ease without the As-
sistance of a Midwife or any other women and immedi-
atly after go to any kind of Labour as usual.
As to their Funerals, when any Person Dyes they
Dress the Corps in the Best Aparel and Adorn It with
Abundance of wampun (which You doubtless know is
most valuable among them) They put the Corps into
a coffin and together with It all the necessaries of Life
which they think He has occasion for in another world,
they make great Howling and Lamentation when they
carry the Corps to the Grave and leave Some provision
there for the deceased, they do not Suffer a Weed or
Spire of Grass to Grow in their Burying Place, and are
careful to remove the Snow as soon as It falls. The
relations of the Deceased repair thither every Morning
& Evening, Howling hiediously as they go & Return and
carry the Best of provision with them part of which they
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 283
Eat on the Grave and leave the Remainder for the dead.
This I am told they continue for many years and as far
as I can learn as long as any Relation of the Deceased
is Living
As To Religion, as far as I can learn there is no Nation
amongst them but doth acknowledge the Being of A God
whom they call the Preserver, Sustainer or Master of the
Universe, But seldom pay any kind of Worship to Him,
unless in times of publick Calamity, then I am told they
offer Sacrifices by fire of every thing they possess and
pray for dehverance from whatever Calamity they labour
under, and also offer thank offerings for their Deliverance
from them, this I am told does obtain amongst the
Seneca's. I could never hear of any Id[ol] or representa-
tion of the Deity. When It Thunders They Set Up a
great Cry and will say to one another He is very Angry,
often crying out, Have done. It is Enough. Their belief
of a future State may be Collected from their funeral
Rites, but as to Any Notion of Rewards or punishments
I can say nothing of They have those among them
that pretend to Divination and many things are Said by
some of our people which are astonishing, but these I
doubt not you have Heard.
As to their Morals I am very apt to think they have
been much Corrupted since their conversing with Euro-
peans, whose Fraud & injustice in their dealings with
them You are well acquainted with, Drunkeness is so
common a vice that I much Question wether there be
one sober person in A hundred.
As to their language, I used to think that the differ-
ence between the several Nations was only a difference
of Dialect, But the more I am acquainted with the Lan-
guage I am enclin'd to think them almost entirely differ-
ent, for 'tho the Elder people understand one another the
younger and children do not. The Mohawk & Onide
indeed are very little different. I can give you but a
very imperfect acco" on this head, I find great difficulty
to larn It, being as wild and irregular as the people.
Their verbs ar varied but the Forms or Conjugations are
284 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
as numerous as the verbs, for I could never yet meet with
two varied in the same manner; The original words are
very few but since our coming amongst them they have
wanted more, these they have by compounding and that
in such manner that many words are compleat Defini-
tions for Instance, Wine, in Mohawk, is Oneliaradese-
hoenghtseragerie which is a compound of all those words
which signify The Juice of the Grape, which as you may
Judge makes their Words of an Exorbitant length, they
abound in Guttural but never use any labial letters never
Closing their Lips, when they Speak.
As to the Success of my Mission, I bless God I have
no reason to complain especially when I consider The
Disadvantages I have la[boured under] [torn] Incon-
venience I labour under is the want of an Interpreter
which could I obtain for 2 or 3 years I should hope to
be tollerable master of their language and be able to
render It easier to my Successor.
At my first setting out, I was entirely Ignorant of
their language & without an Interpreter, so that I spent
much Time amongst them to little purpose. After I
had been some Time with them, An Indian who had been
a Captive among the Caroline Indians return'd home,
who I found could read a little, which he had learnd
about 23 years ago, when M"" Andrews ^ was missionary
among them, from Him I learnd The Pronunciation
and having got a prayer Book & some Translations from
Laurence the Interpreter which had been done for the
use of M"" Andrews Viz an Exposition on the Creed Deca-
logue the Lords Prayer and a discourse on the Sacra-
ments as also a Catechetical exposition on the Church
Catechism I began to perform divine Service and soon
got master of the pronunciation & was well understood.
I found most of the Indians had been Baptiz'd some by
M"" Andrews M"" Freeman ^ and some by the dutch minis-
ter at Albany But knew very little of Christianity and
1 Rev. William Andrews, a missionary of the Society for the Propa-
gation of the Gospel.
' Rev. Barnardiis Freeman.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 285
practic'd still less. I set up a School and Endeavoiird
to teach their Youth to Read & write their own language
some of whom made surprizing proficiency. This I con-
tinued for two years but found It too burthensom a Task,
and finding some among them well Qualified to teach a
school I Applied to the Society for a Salary who have
given me Instructions to Appoint one. I also set up a
Catechetical School every Evening in Summer Reading
the Questions myself & causing one of the Indians to
read the Answers and the Rest to repeat. This I found
very Beneficial.
Drunkeness was so common a vice among them that
I doubt whether there was one Grown Person of either
sex free from It. Seldom A Day pass'd without some &
very often 40 or 50 drunk at a time. But I found they
were very fond of keeping me among them and affraid
I should leave them, which I made use of to good pur-
pose, daily threatening them with my departure in case
they did not forsake that vice and frequently requiring
a particular promise from every one of them by which
means (thro Gods Blessing) There was a Gradual
reformation, and I know not that I have seen above 10
or 12 drunken persons among them this summer. The
women almost all are entirely reformd & the men also
very much. They are very constant & devout at Church
and family devotions. They have entirely left of divorce
and are legally married. They have not been known to
exercise any cruelty to Prisoners, have in great measur[e]
[torn] of going a fighting, which I find the most difficult
to disuade [torn] and seem persuaded of the Truths of
Xtianity.
[Concluding sheet missing]
286 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Mrs. Rebecca Richardson to Mrs. John Hill
ye iQt^of y^S'^m: 1742
My Dear Friend
I Rote to thee I think it was about this time y® last
year past and Sent it to John Armit to forward to thee,
whearin I gave thee an account of the poor and disadvan-
tageous Setteknent wee ware obUdg*^ to compley w*^ y*
Leteseous and Craftey Man y* after So grate a Seean of
trobel and Charge ; he would not allow us nither our Cost
nor Rents w^'^out the hassord of Looesing all wee
found y*" defeculteys wee labor** under was So grat Every-
way intrest, and Law charges Ran so hy, and like to be
Still grateor in Recovering y*" Cost and Rent y* we ware
in grate fear y^ premeses was in dainjar and Likele to be
made a pray of, So y* I have Reson to Say indeed thare is
no dependance or trust in man: Even them that we
take to be our Reaall friends; and as for y* vile Reach
y* is gon whear: we moust all appear before y^ grat and
just judge; to randor our accounts 0 happey he or She
that has thears to Rendor unblamabel: tho by agreement
and writeing [torn] pay of all y® intrest and Law Charges
y* [torn] away yet we are in deinger of Lowsing [torn]
Littel we have had. My Poor [torn] Say thay have bin
hatherto unfort-[torn] thing y* was thear Grandfather's
I Don- [torn] Rece**, to y*" vallew of £20 of all y*" Estate
thear Granfather had in y*" Lower Counteys tho; we had
So maney Pattins. I have heard my Mother in Law Say
y* her husband Came over one of the Proprie^ of y^
jarsyes Which I find by a Letter I found among my hus-
bands papers y* was given him by a jentehnan in Eng-
land a Relation of one of y® Propria^ y* had a part; for
him if he had Live** to Coum hear to have made Som
inquiarry about y® Records of it w'"'' has given me a Littel
incoragement to begg y® favor of the to give me what
information thee Can aboute y^ affare whather my father
Clark to thy knowledge Dispos'* of his part and whare
Such Riteings ware at y^ time Recorded if he never
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 287
Sold it, and can find aney Record of it, my Children may
have as good a Rite to his part, as Antoney Sharp's gran
children has to his, and Som of y" others y* I am inform*^
has taken up Land and Sold it
I would not be trobelsora to the aboute it but know-
ing The was Pretey well acquainted with his affares for-
merly I mite be inform*^ by thee better then aney bodey
hear which if thee pleas is to favor mee with a few Lines
in w"^ I may be inform*^ whather we my have aney in-
corragement to Seek after it or not; the may be Pleas'^
to direct it to be left at Joseph Nobels March^ at New
yourk: to be Sent to Edward Evens: in Philadelphia:
I hope The injoy^ y^ Comfort of Thy health and Sattis-
faction whear the art as for my part I have mine but very
indefrant am but Lately Recover*^ from almost as I may
Say y^ brink of y® grave of a voyolent fevor of w*"" I
have had a large porsion of; before and Sence I came
to this plase; w*"^ I hope is in marcey as well as in judg-
ment y* I may be Sanctifide and fitted thearby for an
Entrance into Etearnal Rest, whear Thee and [torn]
the Earnest Desire of my Sowl; as [torn] Should Ever
meet in this bodey [torn] thee in grate tendarness and
true [torn] Childen Sallut^s thee at this time [torn]
Reall and Ever Loveing friand
Rebecca: Richardson
PS
thears is Seaveral of our ansiants
Remove^ of Late: Tho^ Chalkley
Bulea Cotes Debborah Cordorroy
and Som others
[Addressed : ] For EUzabeth Hill
at Dock' Coldons sorvey""
jener^ at y*" hey Lands
of New York These
288 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Cadwallader Colden to Daniel Horsmanden
[Unsigned copy in Colden's handwriting]
CoLDENGHAM July 29 1742
Dear S'
I thank you for you kind expressions on my sons
change of his State which must be exceedingly gratefull
to me as they manifest your friendship to me & my chil-
dren. I am glad M"" Mason did not put himself to the
trouble of coming to my house for besides the reasons
which you gave as to the time I shall endeavour to be
excused entirely from that service As I attended the
last I hope others will take their turns on this and I
suppose it to be a cause much more proper for you
Gentlemen of the law be the Judges
As to what you desire to be inform'd of relating to
the Behaviour of a Stranger in this Neighbourhood at
the time of the Negro Conspiracy I doubt my memory
may fail me in some points having committed nothing
of it to writing except what I wrote at the time to the
Governor & if he think proper to let you have the perusal
of that letter you may from thence perhaps make the
account more exact
He was a young man about 25 called himself Luke
Barington said he was a Ministers son of the Church
of England in Ireland He knew many of the Irish
Gentry at least their names & could give an account of
their families. He said that he had left his father in a
Pet had traveld into Italy & confess'd to some that he
there turn'd roman Catholick. He came to this part
of the Country in the fall of the year before the houses
in the Fort were burnt & set up a school to teach the
children in the neighbourhood As they talk't much
of his being an extraordinary scholler & of his under-
standing several languages I sent him several times an
invitation to come to my house but he never did & I
never saw him After some time he chiefly kept com-
pany with the Irish servants of which we have several
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 289
in this part of the country & the greatest number of them
roman cathohes & as I was afterwards told they had fre-
quent meeting together. While I was at Providence he
was at one of our Country froUicks & drank freely at
which time one of the neighbours drank King George's
Health to him which he refused & said he was none of
his King the man askt who was then his King He
answer'd King Phillip The man repeated the words
King Phillip several times & askt who the Devil he was
for he & perhaps none in the company except the roman
catholick Irish who were some of them present knew
the King of Spains name & they quarreld about it
The next day he thought fit to be gon without taking
leave At my return from Providence in the time of
the adjournment of the Court there I was inform'd of
this & that he had been seen afterwards not many miles
from this under the Character of a Methodist preacher
& that he had sometimes been likewise in Dutchess
County Upon which I wrote to the Justices in the
places of this County & Dutchess where I was inform'd
he had been to have him taken up & at the same time
gave information to the Governor of what I now write
to you but after the writing of these letters I have not
heard that he was ever seen in any part of this Province
or any where else This is the whole of what I at pres-
ent remember of that Stranger & if you think this ac-
count of any use in what you design to publish in rela-
tion to the Negro Conspiracy you may freely do it in
what shape you please
To the Hon*"^® Daniel Horsmanden Esq
290 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From James Alexander
New York Nov^ 16**^ 1742
D'Sir
by last post I had a Letter from M"" Brown ^ of the
e**" of this month — he Says on the 2^ his wife brought him
a fourth son, whom he called after judge Burnet- —
Thomas, that his wife was as well as could be Expected
& all his four Sons well in health, if they hold on at this
rate theyre like to have a numerous issue
Your son tells me that he had not heard that Serjeant
Thomas Burnet was made one of the judges possibly I
forgot to acquaint you that its near or about a year agoe
that he was appointed one of the judges of the Common
pleas
M*" Billie ^ went home with Capt Pearse & is under
the Judges Special care who has put him to Cambridge
under the Care of a friend of his — the judge Expresses
great Satisfaction in the hopes he has of him from his
application & parts
As to Mr Gibbie, I suppose you have heard that he
had run out all that was Left him by his father & both
grandfathers. I think it was Capt Bryant lately told
me that Judge Burnet had already got him an ofl&ce of
about £100 Sterling p"" annum, & that he was in hopes
of one of £300 p"" annum for him
I now made a Coppy of the List of the Lands wherof
Gov"" Burnet Died Seized & deeds which make his title
& now Delivered to your Son Alexander for you all those
that Concern Gov"" Burnets Lands in Evan's patent as
p"" Coppy of his rec* to me endorsed on Coppy of the List
which he brings you with the papers
^ William Brown, of Salem, Mass.. who married in 1737 Mar\% daugh-
ter of Gov. William and Mary (Van Home) Burnet. See Vital Records
of Salem, Mass., I, III; New England Hist, and Gen. Register, XX,
243; N. Y. H. S. Coll. for 1893, 350.
2 Thomas Burnet (1694-1753), younger brother of Gov. William
Burnet (d. 1729) of New York.
3 William Burnet (Jr.), son of Gov. William and Mary (Van Home)
Burnet.
CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS 291
Inclosed I also Send your coppy of the Last receipt
to W" Smith the Tenant, & coppy of the memorandum
I made from his mouth Concerning his Lease (for the
Ex" Did not Deliver any Counterpart thereof to me)
also a Coppy of a minute which I sent to W"" Brown
along with the Lease & Release to John Chambers
I shall always be glad to give you the best advice &
assistance in my power in any thing that occurs to the
benefite of Gov"" Burnets children. I have Sent M"^
Brown Coppy of So much of your Letter about Cap*
Eutherfords proposeal as Concerns him, and told him
my unacquaintedness w* Gov"" Burnets Lands there and
I Do not know that I can be of further Service concern-
ing them than what I have been, by the Said minute &
Draught of Lease & Release to M"" Chambers, so that
there can be no need of Communicating to me what you
intend M"" Brown should know in these affairs, but direct
the matter to him at once to the care of M"" Nichols the
postmaster
In the minute I have only said the boundarys & Con-
sideration, it may be proper also to Send the Date of
the patent by which the Lands are granted & to whom
Inclosed is also Coppy of the Draught of the Lease
& Release for M"" Chambers which I Sent to M"" Brown
to be Executed, and as a form for deeds by him to be
granted for Lands in Evan's patent, that you may show
to the purchasers, & if any objection you have to the
form that you may Communicate it to M"" Brown I am
Sir
Your most humble Servant
Ja^ Alexander
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq""
att
Coldengham
292 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Fro7n Mrs. Peter De Lancey
j^, g, [March 24, 1743?]
Thursday last I had the pleasure of yours & my
Mothers & Sister Alys & by Nox, I could'nt help being
agreably mov'd to find you testify your affections so
strongly to me in your rejoicing at the account my last
brought you It shall be my endeavour allways Sir to
follow the many good councils I have receiv'd from you
& to endeavour what lays in my power not to forfeit any
share I have in your affections which I esteem a very
great blessing to injoy
I thank God (as I have a great deal of reason to do)
I have had as happy a lying in as woman can hope for
the Child ^ was very much ailing for three or four days
but is now very well & grows perceivebly she was Chris-
ten'd last Wednesday but I am uneasy in what manner to
tell you that I am not yet so happy to have one of my
own familys names I am so disapointed in it that I
had allmost a mind not to have mention'd her name at
all but as you must hear it I thought it my duty to let
you know it from my self, She is call'd after M'" De
Lanceys Mother,- he said he was not at all against my
Mothers name but as I had the happiness to have her
still alive hop'd she would not be displeas'd at his show-
ing that respect to his who was dead. I beg Sir you will
speak to my Mother about it & pray you would please
not only not to take it amis your self but desire her also
not to be displeasd about it tho' she dont possess her
grandmamas name (I mean the Grandmama I desir'd) I
shall endeavour to make her possess w* is still more valu-
able her good qualities & 1 Hope Mama will show her
wonted goodness to her & not let her be less a favourite
for not being her namesake, it will ease my mind a good
deal to hear from her self that she is not angry at it &
I hope she will remember that I promised obedience I
think Sir as soon as I am strong enough to undertake
1 Ann De Lancey.
2 Ann (Van Cortlaudt) De Lance3\ »
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 293
the fatigue of the Children upon the Water, to resolve
upon making you a visit. I believe I can hardly go
sooner then the end of next month but as that time will
be soon expir'd after your receiving this I believe it will
be hardly worth while for my Sister Jeanny to come
down before that unless she would stay here till I return,
but then I shall have but very little of her company for
we think to go to westchester as soon as I return, the
Servants will be mov'd there I believe as soon as I am
gone & I suppose Jeanny would not like to be confin'd
there as she was last year without being in town but if
you & my Mother think Sir y* it will be convenient to
delay my going up till the fall upon my Sisters account
& also for fear of hurting my little girl by travelling with
her so young I shall delay my self the pleasure of seeing
you till you think it a more proper time, if you think
it best for me not to come till the fall then I beg my Sis-
ter would come down as soon as she possibly can that I
may have the longer time of her company before I go out
of Town Please to tell Mama that the first time the
boat goes to the mills M'" De Lancey will send the
Geese She is at present out of repair M''^ Waren
was deliver'd of a Daughter S' Patricks day & is like to
do very well Capf Waren is expected the beginning
of next month I send with this Sir some things from
Doc"" Dubois & from M""® Kiersted & some books from
Parker with letters from them I shall send to Galation
before this goes about the Cloaths & if they are done
send them I beg my duty to Mama & kind love to
my Brothers & Sisters as they know what a hurrying
time this is I hope they will forgive my not writting
If I can I shall write a line to my Sister Golden & to Aly
because I am very much in their debt I hope Sir you
will forgive faults, what with company & my little folks
I have very little time to my self without interruption
I am D^ S^
Your most dutif ull
& obedient Daughter
Eliz: De Lancey
294 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
RS.
Sir My letter of the other side has been wrote ever
since thursday last least I should be hinder'd by delay-
ing it & I hav'nt been more vex'd a good while then to
find Nox was gone without it & the other things I have
to send when I sent to know of his going he didn't let
me know the time but sent me word he would call him-
self before he went upon which I depended till it was
too late. I hope S' you will forgive it I sent to M""
Nicolls to see if they knew of any other oppertunity &
M""^ Nicolls was so kind to come herself & tell me of this
it is young M"* Cranny but as he goes by land can only
send the letters without the other things. I have also
had a disapointment in the Geese for my Mother M""
De Lancey has been at the Mills since I wrote the other
side & had sent them down but tho's their wings [half
page torn away]
To Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
Norwich ^ July 12*^^ 1743
My Dear
I have yours of the 29^'' of June & I can assure you
that the rest of my Journey agreed full as well as the
first & was without any manner of toyl I continue
likewise in perfect health. I am glad to hear from Our
son Alex"* that Jenny & Stephen were both safe at N.
York which I hope has remov'd Betty's Anxiety & will
give her some pleasure in her Sisters Company of which
she seem'd very desirous. JNIany parts of the Country
through which we passed were under the plague of the
1 Golden attended hearings at Norwich, Conn., as one of the five
Commissioners from New York and New Jersey to re-examine, review
and decide the controversy between the Governor and Company of the
Colony of Connecticut, and the Mohegan Indians. See Governor and
Company of Connecticut and Mohcagan Indians, by Their Guardians —
Certified Copy of Book of Proceedings Before Commissioners of Review
MDCCXLIII (London, 1769).
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 295
Worms the very same which Cad describes particularly
at New London & in this Town But it was happy for
the Country their lives were short otherwise they
w[ou]ld have destroy'd every thing before them. They
were in Peters Indian Corn when I was at his house.
But by your Acc*^ you have had much greater numbers
than any where that I have heard of. This is a misfor-
tune we must bear with Patience for there is no rehefe
otherwise from it.
I wrote to you by the first Post after I came to this
place but by the Negligence of the man who carried the
letters to New London they were not put into the Post
office till half an hour after the Post was gon by which
they would be a week longer in coming to your hands.
I cannot with any certainty tell you the time when I
shall return but we cannot at soonest set out before the
midle of next week & I doubt much that we can then
The parties have agreed to pay us 20 sh Sterl per day
till we return I design to return directly home This
place being nearer to my house than it is to West Ches-
ter. I am perfectly easy in your care of all our affairs
at home & can think of nothing to advise in respect to
them & I am satisfied Cad will assist you all that is in
his power. I write to him on the Subject of his letter.
All I have to add is that you take care of your self for
otherwise all your other cares can give me no pleasure.
My Duty to my Aunt & remember me affectionately to
the Children & particularly to Alice who has now her full
share of that pleasure of endeavouring to please you
John I make no doubt is assiduous at his Book & I hope
David will give me reason to be pleas'd with him at my
return. May we all have an agreable meeting I am
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Colden
[Addressed:] To M'^ Colden
at Coldengham
296 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Mrs. Peter De Lancey
Wedensday July 20^^ 1743
Upon my coming here yesterday afternoon I receiv'd
yours of July 12''' which gave me a great deal of joy to
hear of your being well it being the first time I have had
that pleasure since you went away I hope Sir you
will forgive my not writting to you before which I am
quite asham'd of & which I cant excuse otherwise but
that intending to have been here a fortnight ago I delay'd
doing it designing to write from hence which I now see
by yours will be too late to find you at new england I
hope it may meet you in good health at home & that you
have had a happy meetting with my dear Mother &
family I hope I never shall be insensible Sir of the
late favours I have receiv'd from her I shall be glad
to hear that neither of you are displeas'd at my leaving
my Sister for two days at this time I could hardly
avoid coming to see my Sisters at this time & I wanted
much besides to know whether I had not lost some things
more then M"" De Lancey could find out by the Spaniard
but I dont miss any thing of value I shall make all
the haste home again I possibly can I came here only
yesterday afternoon & was kept busy rumiging till night,
we intend to go this morning to Bloomindale & from
thence home I beg Sir you will please to overlook
faults I sat up till after twelve last night & got up
to write this as soon as I could see this morning that I
might not give a farther cause to be still more angry
with me at my not doing this part of my duty sooner
Please Sir to give my affec'^ duty to my Mother & tell
her I had the pleasure of hers & Alys of the same date
with yours all at the same time yesterday but I cannot
possibly give my self the pleasure of answering it
now I left my Sister & all the Boys whom she is very
fond of all well the day before yesterday in the after-
noon I hope to find them so this evening M"" De
Lancey is very well but is fast asleep so that I cant say
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 297
for him. he was very much out of order a few days last
week but is quite recover'd again I beg my kind love
to my Brother & Sister Golden & the rest of my Brothers
& Sisters I am Dear Sir
Your most dutifull
& obedient Daughter
Eliz: De Lancet
I shall not forget your message Sir to Jeanny & Ste-
phen who often remembers you all we often have an
agreable chat about you Stephen goes constantly
with Johnny to School he is perfectly well & has got
free of his breaking out I hear M" Cunningham has
lost her Son & John Breese his only Child. Peter Bayard
died at second River also the day before yesterday per-
haps M" Wileman w^ill not hear it before this reaches you
Miss Betty I hear is gone doun there
I inclose all the news papers I can find
M'' Nicolls was so kind to write me word of your being
well before I had heard any thing from you but I didn't
receive it till yesterday
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq*"
From John Rutherjurd
Edgerstone ^ Sep* P* 1743
Dear Sir
Chief Justice Morris ^ would acquaint you of my not
writeing you befor I left York on account of our expect-
ing to See you there in your way Eastward, every day
untill we sailed. The letter for your Brother I forwarded
directly on my arriveing in London where I stayed only
1 Edgerston, the seat of the Rutherfurd family, Jedburgh, Scotland.
2 Robert Hunter Morris, of New Jersey.
298 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
a few days finding no business to be done there at that
Season, Soe I had no opportunity of Seeing The Gentle-
man you were soe good as give me a letter to there, but
shall next winter which I design to pass there with my
Family in order to get over in the Spring by the New
York Ships if I find no man of War goeing that way
sooner ; but at any rate I shall stay in London till I have
my letters from New York by the Ships Sailing from that
in December soe if you have any Commissions I can
serve you in there, you'l oblige me much in putting it in
my power to doe any thing usefull or agreeable to you.
My Father & M' Cleland & Several others of your Old
Friends here, beg to be remembered to you, but poor
Charles Ker to my great Grief dyed a Month or soe befor
I arrived much regrated by all who had the pleasure of
his acquaintance. Our new Governour I'm informed is
like to be a litle hard upon the Captains by endeavouring
to have back the paying the Companys &c. if it can come
easily in Conversation you might throw in that you have
no doubt but, if he continue things in the same Channel
as at present till I get over in the Spring, that he'l find
me very ready to setle matters in some Shape or other to
his Satisfaction. I Should be extremely glad to know
privately from you how he sets out in his Government
& your opinion how I Shall find Matters goeing when I
arrive in the Spring. I shall buy up any new books,
Pamphlets &.c. that I think may help to divert us & if
you'l be soe good as put me in mind of anything of that
kind that perhaps I might not think of, I'd be obliged
to you. Pray don't forget my best respects to your Lady
& all your good Family & believe me sincerely
Your friend & servant
John Rutherfurd
P.S.
Be soe good as let me know what's
done about the Land I petioned about
& make my Compliments to our friends
& Country men M' Alexander & M' Kennedy
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 299
From Cadwallader Golden to William Brown, of Salem,
Massachusetts
[Unaddressed and unsigned draft in Colden's
handwriting]
[October, 1743]
S'
Since I receiv'd yours I have more particularly view'd
& consider'd the lands for which my son ^ & William
Smith made an offer & I am not in the least apprehensive
that any indifferent person will think that I have in any
respect prejudiced the Interest of M"" Burnets Children
by my having agreed to their offer & in pursuance of
your letter to me confirmed the Bargain You will find
by my letter of the 18'" of June 1742 the Character I
gave of that land when I did not in the least Imagine
that my son would have any inclination to purchase any
part of it. I can now add that all the fire wood (that is
Wallnut) was cut off by M'^ Van home's ^ order which
makes it less Value than any other lot on the River where
firewood still remains & there is not any Meadow ground
on it & the lot which my son & Myndertse bought had
a Valuable spot of Meadow ground upon it besides the
firewood all remaining on what was not improved & that
lot lay between my sons other lands & the s*^ Mindertse
which made them for their own conveniency give more
for it than any other would
I inform'd you by the same letter of y^ 18*" of June
that this 400 Acres would not hold out above 350 Acres
by its incroaching into a prior Patent by some mistake
in the first Survey & by M'" Burnets agreem* with & Re-
lease to M"" Haskol On an exact Survey we now find
that after the 28 Acres sold to M"" Chambers are deducted
it contains only 340 Acres
1 Alexander Golden.
2 Abraham Van Home was named executor in the will of his son-in-
law, Gov. William Burnet, and guardian of the three children of Wil-
liam and Mary (Van Home) Burnet: William, Mary, and Thomas.
N. Y. H. S. Collectio7is for 1893, 350.
300 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
^ By looking over IVP Burnets Deeds I find these lotts
cost him £264 at the time he bought it was thought
he had more regard to his humour than to his Interest
in that purchase & all the improvements except a Barn
being since entirely neglected & lost for they were chiefly
fruit trees planted in Hammocks in several places of the
Farm for view & prospect & the Timber all since cut off
an 100 pound advance upon that price is more than I
expected for ever since you desir'd me to bargain for this
land it was known that I had offer'd it at the rate of 20/
^ acre all together & this is the only offer I have had in
all this time tho' several had view'd the land with
thoughts of purchasing had the land & price been to their
liking ^
This land together with a drain'd Meadow of about
15 Acres & the use of the wild Meadows in Bairds Patent
were all let for £ 20 a year The drain'd Meadow is
not contain'd in these lands which I have bargain'd
for Upon the whole therefor I have thought it advis-
able to accept of the offer made in the proposals I sent
you for I really think it well sold & have accordingly
signified my agreem* thereto on your behalf least some
accident or a change of Humour should break it as has
happen'd in the case of Burk & Williams
Inclosed are the Deeds for you to execute which
please to do before some persons that are to return to
New York Masters of Vessels or others living there who
may happen to be at Boston that they may be proved
at New York & then inclose them under Cover to M""
Nicholls Post Master in New York who will take care
to have them proved & sent to me after which I shall
take care to receive part of the Money before they are
deliver'd according to agreem* & the remainder secured
by Mortgage or otherwise
I formerly told you that the selling of lands depends
entirely upon the humour of the purchasers at the time
they take it into their heads & that for that reason a
1 The above paragraph, beginning ''By looking over" was crossed out
by Golden in his copy.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPEl^S 301
toUerable offer was seldom to be refused This is con-
firm'd by Burks & the Wilhams's refusing to stand to
their bargain because you had not signified your consent
before the first of May which was a Condition in their
Bargain with me We have few purchasers on this
side of the River Large tracts are to be sold on the
other side & the run has happen'd to take there When
people purchase they commonly draw their Relations &
acquaintance after them Besides the lands on this
side the River being very stony it discourages people
who propose to live by tillage as all the Farmers in this
Country do
When I was at Norwich one Willowby who lives there
& one Ashley who lives in Hartford talkt of coming to
view these lands this Fall I am of opinion that if
your time & leisure would permit you to go into some
of the Touns of Connecticut you might perhaps bargain
with a number of Families for as much at once as would
make a Toun ship for I am affray'd we shall not be able
otherwise to sell these lands in a long time & I believe the
soil would suit there opinion of Lands better than it does
that of the Farmers in this part of the Country. For a
great part of the soil is natural for Grass
Smith is old & very Infirm & is desirous to have this
affair setled before he dye for the Benefit of his Children
who are under 14 years of age & therefor designs if
possible to make the first payment this Fall & for that
reason would have the Deeds sent before winter
Since I have wrote so much it is time to conclude
with my Wife's & my humble Service to M''* Brown
By Virtue of an Authority from William Brown of
Salem Esq I have agreed & Bargain'd with Alexander
Colden & William Smith according to their proposals
within Written & they hereby covenant to make good
the said proposals & bargain with the said William Brown
accordingly In Witness whereof the s*^ Cadwallader
Colden & Alexander Colden & William Smith have set
their hands this fifth day of Oct^ 1743
302 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Cadwallader C olden to John Armitt,
of Philadelphia ^
[October, 1743?]
My Aunt - wrote to you about a month since & de-
sir'd you to convert what money you had of hers into
Jersey money & told you that she design'd to send my
son Cadwallader for it sometime this Fall He has
been for sometime abroad beyond Albany & is not yet
return 'd otherwise I should have advised his going at
this time for being inform'd that a very rich prize is
lately brought into Philadelphia it is probable that this
may give an Opportunity of remitting that Money to
New York with advantage & particularly by purchasing
Gold or Silver. Pistoles pass with us at 28/ if they
weigh 4 dw 6 gr & at 28/6 if they weigh 8 gr Silver
passed from 9/ the ounce to 9/2d. Jersey Bills of Proc-
lamation frequently carry Id in the shilling above ours
that are struck at 8/ ^ ounce & sometimes a little more
& sometimes less By this you can judge according to
the rate of Silver or Gold with you what is likely to
make the Best return & my Aunt desires you would con-
vert her money either into Gold or Silver according as
you shall find either most likely to answer best with us
from the rates which I have mentioned with us I
am in hopes this prize may make both silver & Gold low
with you at this time & perhaps somethings else might
be purchased which would answer better than either but
as we are no Merchants we can form no Judgement of
this & I am affray'd there may be no time to advise us.
The last my Aunt has from you is of the IS^*" of August
which she answer'd soon after She has not heard from
you since which she believes is owing to your expecting
1 Copy, iinaddressed, undated, and unsigned, in Colden's handwriting,
written on the back of the copy of Colden's agreement with Alexander
Colden and William Smith, on authority of William Brown, dated Octo-
ber 5, 1743.
- Mrs. John Hill.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 303
my son. He will set out for Philadelphia soon after his
return which I hope may be about the end of next week
From Cadwallader Golden to John Armitt
[Unsigned copy in Colden's handwriting]
CoLDENGHAM May 28*" 1744
M"^ Armitt
When you told me while you was at this house that
tho you had found my Aunt in more strenth of health
than you expected yet that you had some impression on
your mind that she would not continue long it made like-
wise impression on me especially after you had repeated
the same thing to me before you went However I
had not the least apprehension that her time was so near
as since that has happen'd she seem'd to be more cheer-
full & easy than usual from the time you went till friday
was a week that I took notice to her while she was at
Dinner with us that I thought she lookt ill and askt her
how she did & indeed I thought that I saw an Alteration
in her face which I had not observ'd before which how-
ever none else upon my mentioning it among our selves
did observe. She answer'd that she found her self un-
easy but did not complain so much as she had often done
at other times. The next morning she complain'd of
being sick She had an irregularly Intermitting fever
but to no great heighth her pulse full strong & regular
& which continued so to the last night which she
lived She complain'd of a pain in her sides & in her
bones had a Cough & spit a greal deal of Phlegm.
More of a fever was discover'd by her constant wanting to
drink & a restlessness than by any other Symtom. She
had no pain in her head & retain'd her senses clear to the
last so long as she was able to speak which she did till
within an hour of her Death & expired at last without
any Strugle on friday the 25*'' instant between 5 & 6 in
304 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
the morning as she held out her hands to me & with the
motion of her body show'd that she desir'd to be turn'd.
She was during all this her last illness no wise peevish or
fretfull speaking to all of us with the greatest affection
every time she spoke calling us Dear Cousins or my Dear
Kindred but spoke litle saying she had nothing in par-
ticular to say having often before on her being taken
with fits of illness acquainted us with her Desires but
she frequently said that she did not think at her Age
she should have found it so hard to dye for indeed she
continued to have more strenth till the last night than
we expected. She had several times before told us that
she desir'd to be buried with that plainness that is usual
among Friends with whome she was in Communion &
for that purpose I desir'd D"" Jones & M" Jackson the
only Friends in this part of the Country to come to my
house early in the morning which they were so kind to
do & every thing was order'd according to their ad-
vise She was buried the next day in the afternoon in
my Orchard by one of my Children & where I hope to
be laid my self. It was a remarkable piece of Providence
that she dy'd at a time when all the Kindred she has in
America could & did attend her funerall viz Myself my
eight Children & five Grand Children together with my
wife & my son's wife & that she had the Satisfaction for
some time before her Death to see us all together with
her These except M' De Lancey who is at such a dis-
tance that we could not send to him are all the Relations
of any kind she had in America But nothing has
given me more Satisfaction than that you had an Oppor-
tunity of seeing & conversing with her & for the favour
of that Visit I am truely much obliged to you
I have been so particular because I know that you
will from your Friendship to her be pleas'd to know par-
ticulars & I doubt not others of her Friends will in like
manner be desirous particularly M" Morris & her Daugh-
ter to whome please to offer our affectionate Service
My Aunt told us that she had left her Will with
you Please to open it & send me a Copy of it, as soon
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 305
as possible with an account of what Estate or effects she
has in your hands or any where else in Pensylvania that
you know. I think my self exceedingly obliged to you
for the Care you have hitherto taken of my Aunts Af-
fairs & as there is not any other Person at Philadelphia
in whom I can place such confidence as I can in you I
must beg of you still to take the same trouble now &
which I hope your Friendship to your Deceased Friend
will encline you to do But we cannot send you the
Proper Powers till we have a Copy of the Will She
made a Codicil to her Will since she came to this place but
it is only in regard to those sums which she had left in her
Will as Legacies & which she had paid in her life time
& confirms her will in other respects which she by that
Codicil declares to be in your hands
Pray remember our kind Regards to your Spouse
Your Father & Brother & other Friends who may be so
kind as to enquire after us. I still continue my Desire
to have Chambers's Dictionary if it can be purchased
cheap & all of James Fosters works that you can get at
Philad'^ & as we have now War with France if you can
send them safe & reasonably by land to M"" Nicholls to do
it. My Aunt told me that she design'd her books for
you except what she before had given to this Family
I send you a list of all of them & wish they had been
of more value
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
New York
Aug 29*^^ 1744
My Dear
I have yours of the IQ*** of August which gives me a
great deal of pleasure in every thing except in the Ac-
count you give me of the continuance of the pain in the
side of your head. I would still advise you to take the
306 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Pills in the first place the same quantity that Johny took
& after they have purged you moderately to take every
night & morning some drops of the Emetick wine in sage
tea Begin with taking 15 drops at night & increase
gradually to 30 drops at a time Take them at night
after you are in bed & an hour or two in the morning
before you rise But be sure that the wine be perfectly
clear I believe Jenny knows it & I think it is marked
Vinum Benedictum. At the same time you may continue
the use of the stove which you think has been of service
to you. I am sorry to hear from our son Alex"" that the
Sloop in which I sent the Coggs &c for his Mill has
passed without stopping I wrote by her to you tho'
I had not time to finish my letter but left it with Johny
to close direct & forward in case the Sloop went before
I return'd to my lodgeing & which he says he did ac-
cordingly. Last thursday morning I carried Johny with
me by Land to Westchester to see Betty & her Chil-
dren Alice went up the day before with her Brother
in law John & Nancy I had heard were both ill Johny
was got pretty well again but Nancy had still pretty
much of a fever. I had sent up some things for the Chil-
dren with Alice Nancy had taken some part before I
came & I thought her better so that I left them that
afternoon M"" De Lancey came as far back with me
[as] the Bridge I left Johny with them to stay till his
Brother in [la]w come & I expect them every hour. Tho'
I be as desirous of returning home as you can wish yet
I cannot return this week I cannot well write the rea-
sons of my staying But that of being usefuU to M""
Delancey if there were no other you will think sufiicient
& there are others by which I would disoblige some that
it is my Interest to please if I go sooner than they are
wiUing I should. But I hope to return by the next Trip
of Nacks Johny is now come with his Brother in
law Nancy kept still not well which made Betty un-
easy but she was better than she had been on Sunday
last. I have not as yet seen M"" De Lancey to know any
thing more particular from him. I have wrote to Cad
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 307
all that occurs to my Memory about the Farm but I trust
chiefly to your care & prudence for it is hardly possible
that I can give proper Direction at this time We have
now pretty certain Acct that Commadore Knowle's has
taken Guadaloupe a French Island with the Loss of 40
men & two Lieutenants. When the Acct came away he
was taking off the Cannon from two Forts which he in-
tended to demolish Any other News is in the Prints.
Pray remember me affectionately to Jenny Katty &
David. Tell the last that I expect a great deal from him
now in my absence because I hope he no longer looks
on himself as a Child & that he'l be ashamed to play
about the Doors with the Negro Children. I shall be
very glad to hear likewise the best things of Kate I
am
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Colden
I think to send up now by Nox a Gross of Viols in a
basket with which will be put up J^ lb of Seneca Rattle
Snake root
Address of a Member of the Council at a Conference of
the Council with the General Assembly of New York,
on September 6, 17JfJj.
[Undated and unsigned draft in an unidentified
handwriting]
The Importance of securing & defending the Garri-
son at Oswego has been fully set forth by the Gent°
who have spoke before me It is not merely to secure
a beneficial Trade to this Province but it is for the se-
curity & safety of the Province it self & of the Inhabi-
tants thereof. If the French should be able to carry
that place there is an end to any Influence which the
English have hitherto had on any or all the Nations of
308 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Indians near that place or to the Westward of it. The
Indians from that time must think that the English are
not able to defend themselves against the Power of the
French much less to Protect them. The Indians will
then place their whole safety in securing the Friendship
of the French. AU the Artifice & mischievous Designs
of our cunning & inveterate ennemies will have its full
force & influence without any opposition or obstruction
on the minds of these cruel & barbarous People. And
what then are the Consequences of which we may not
be affray'd
Besides what the other Gentlemen have proposed as
the Opinion of the Council for the securing & relief of
that Garrison in case of an attack I am to inform you
that it is the Opinion of the Council that it is necessary
to build some kind of Fort at the carrying place between
the Mohawk's River and the wood Creek for securing of
that Pass By a Pass is meant some narrow passage
surrounded with Mountains or Rivers or Morasses or
swamps so that there is no going from one place to an-
other but by that place without great difficulty or making
a large circuit The Securing of Passes is allwise
thought a principal matter in the Art of war & if we be
negligent or dilatory in securing this pass we shall find
that our Ennemy will not be so in seizing it If that
pass should once fall into the French hands they will be
able to stop any relief that can be sent to Oswego &
that by a small number of men or even by a few Indians.
We are inform'd Gent" that the Wood Creek is so
narrow & the banks on each side so full of high timber
that two or three hands may in a days time fall so many
trees into that Creek as entirely to obstruct the passage
And that a great number of hands will not in many days
be able to Clear it of the timber thus fallen in one day
by a few hands. By this means tho' the Force sent to
relieve Oswego should be sufficient yet they may be so
long retarded in their march that the place may be taken
before they can reach it & tho the relief might otherwise
have been effected.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 309
But this is not all some kind of Fort at that place
will likewise be necessary to keep open the communica-
tion between Oswego or between the Five Nations and
this Province in order to receive & send the necessary
Intelligence. Unless this pass be secured we can receive
no intelligence from that Quarter of any Designs or At-
tempts our Ennemies shall make at least not without
much more difficulty & at a greater distance of time
And without having this pass previously secured it may
not be in our power to send from time to time the neces-
sary supplies of Provisions Ammunition or Reinforce-
ments either for the Garrison it self or for the Troops that
may be sent to the ReUef of it In the last place it
is a necessary piece of Prudence in the Art of War to
guard against all Accedents & Events To provide
against the Misfortunes of a Defeat as well as to omit
no necessary means for obtaining the Victory for the
Event of War often turns out contrary to the Expecta-
tions of the most prudent & Skillfull in that Art A
Fort therefor at that pass is necessary to secure a retreat
in aU Emergencies
On the whole if it be thought necessary to preserve
the Garrison at Oswego If it be of any use to cultivate
improve or preserve the Friendship of the Five Nations
& other Western Indians If it be of any use to Defeat
the Design of the Ennemy on that Quarter & to secure a
Retreat at all events it seems absolutely necessary to
have a Fort at the Carrying place between the Mohawks
River & Wood Creek
[Endorsed in Colden's handwriting:] 1744
At a Conference
with the Assembly
310 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
To Mrs. Cadwallader Golden
[Undated]
[1745-1749?]
My Dear
James Monel has this moment come to me to tell me
that his a going & [bein]g at the same time obliged to
go to Council I have n[o] time to write anything but to
assure you of my being in good health All last week
was spent in the Dispatches for England & this on con-
sultations on Matters from Boston & no resolutions a yet
so far taken as to enable the Gov' to say any thing to
the Assembly. I have a line from Cad"* by Vanala by
which he tells me of his going home Vanala will call
for him about the end of next week he proposes to set
out from hence next thursday We have no Material
news besides what is in the paper. After I had wrote so
far I rec*^ Jenny's & Alice's of the 28*^ but I have not rec'^
yours by Galatian I shall write at large by Courts &
till that time the Children must excuse me
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Colden
[Addressed:] To M" Colden
at Coldengham
To Archibald Kennedy
[Unsigned copy in Colden's handwriting]
Coldengham April 4*^ 1745
S'
I was very much surprised on perusing the Votes of
Assembly which the printer lately sent me to find such
reflexions as the Assembly has thought proper to publish
to his Majesty's subjects in this province relating to a
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 311
Bill brought into Parliament last Session & now sup-
pos'd to be under consideration in Parliam* I know
nothing of the Bill or of any clause contain 'd in it more
than what the Assembly has thought fit to publish
But be that as it will I think this Publication exceedingly
indiscreet for whatever freedom of debate be allow'd
within doors the Parliament has allwise taken amiss any
injurious reflexions in print on what passes in either
house. Suppose the Parliament should think proper to
eneact the clauses in this Bill what will be said when
they hear that the Legislature (or one or two branches
of the Legislature) of one of their Colonies have before
hand in a solemn manner declared to the People that this
Act of Parliament is contrary to the Constitution of
Great Britain & oj the Plantations That it is iiicon-
sistent with the Liberties & Privileges inherent in an
Englishman whilst he is in a Brittish Dominion As I
and many others of his Majesty's subjects know nothing
of this Bill but what the Assembly have thought fit to
publish we must think that the only thing in it which
gives offence to the Assembly is the following clause as
published by them To pay strict obedience to such or-
ders and Instructions as should from time to time be
transmitted to them or any of them by his Majesty or his
successors or by or under his or their Authority. Now if
I understand any thing of the Constitution of Great
Britain (the constitution of the Plantations at Present I
own I do not understand) The supreme executive power
is lodged in the King by the Constitution & therefor I am
of opinion that by the same constitution all his Majesty's
subjects are obliged to yield obedience to all his legal
orders, and the paragraph in the Bill so highly censured
can have no meaning but that of legal orders for by the
same constitution & by many statutes it is declared that
the subject ought not to obey illegal orders & it cannot
be imagined & it is injurious to the parliament to suppose
that the parliament had any the least thought to enforce
illegal or arbitrary orders. What meaning, if this be the
case, can be put upon these Resolves & Votes of our As-
312 CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS
sembly. I am affray'd that if they were to appear in Par-
liament while this clause is under consideration they will
furnish the strongest Argument for enacting it
Besides I think the Council is injured by these Votes.
I know no right that the Assembly has to declare the
Sentiments of any of the Council & I think the doing of
it is a breach of the Privilege of Council As the As-
sembly has declared to the people of the province the
Sentiments of the Gentlemen of the Council in Town I
shall assume the privilege of declaring my own opinion
to the contrary on all proper occasions & which from the
intimacy that has long subsisted between us I presume
I may freely do to you notwithstanding of your being one
of the Council in town for however I may differ from you
in opinion I am very sincerely
To Mr Kennedy
To William Brown
[Unsigned copy in Colden's handwriting]
CoLDENGHAM Sepf 3*^ 1745
I have all this summer been in expectation that the
people on Long Island with whom I had made a condi-
tional agreement for some of the Lotts would have come
& compleated their bargain & was more desirous of get-
ting some of them to buy than any others because we
have several instances in several parts of this Province
that where any families from Long Island have settled
many have soon after follow'd them but now at last I am
inform'd that some could not sell their lands in Long
Island so as to enable them to purchase & bear the ex-
pence of settling a new place Others could not
perswade their wifes to leave their relations & acquaint-
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 313
ance However lately one Richard Wiggins of Ja-
maica Township in Queens County Long Island a Man
as I am inform'd of a good Estate has agreed for Lot
N° 2 at £ 90 One half to be paid next May the other
half the May following & says he will send up a family
to settle it this Fall The man that proposes to settle
came with him when he view'd the land & is a Black
Smith This as I take it will facilitate the selling of
the other lotts for the neighbourhood of a Blacksmith is
a great conveniency And both the Buyer & settler being
Long Island people it may draw others this way. I send
you back therefor the Deed which you had executed to
Azariah Wicks & John Burtis that you may execute &
send another Deed for the same Lot to Richard Wiggins
who as soon as the Deed comes will give sufficient Se-
curity for the payment at the time agreed to. He objects
to the excepting of the mines & Minerals I never
heard of the least appearance of any Mine or Mineral
on the land & as he says that he will have all the chances
for making a Benefite of what he buys I know not
whether you will loose a good chap on this considera-
tion AH I can say is that I would not
I have likewise agreed with James Luckey of Pagh-
kepsy in Dutchess County for Lot N** 20 (the bounds of
which I intend to inclose) for £100 fifty pounds thereof
to be pay'd May next & the other fifty the May follow-
ing The Deed to be deliver'd on the first payment & he
to give bond & Mortgage the whole Lot for security of
the next payment. He proposes to build & to begin to
settle before winter set in I made no exception of the
mines
Arthur M*" Kenny has begun to make some improve-
ment on the 500 Acres but he was disapointed in the
Security he proposed to give me & therefor I still keep
the Deed but he proposes before May next to pay part &
give security for the remainder to my Satisfaction
To William Brown Esq
314 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
From Dr. John Mitchell
Virginia, Urbanna, Sepf 10*'' 1745
Sir
By the last Post I only received yours of June 8*^.
The pleasure it gave me, and the hopes of your future
correspondence, than which nothing could be more pleas-
ing to me, made me determine to answer it soon, & by the
first opportunity, however little to the purpose, I should
indeed have have done myself the pleasure of writing to
you before, when I heard of your Character at Philadel-
phia, as well as from my next neighbour Patrick Cheap,
(an old Acquaintance of yours), had I thought that my
philosophic Notions would either have proved acceptable
or agreeable to you, which they are to so few in this part
of the world, who are commonly busied about other pur-
suits, however, after I saw your ingenious remarks on
my papers, I should have wrote to you concerning them,
had it not been for my bad state of health, which I find
to be much impaired by too much business of that sort
in those intemperate climes (a thing I would advise all
my friends to be aware of). But at the best I find, this
is living to no purpose, & only enduring life without the
greatest enjoyments of it, and besides availes but little to
me, to lay down my pursuits of this kind, for the recov-
ery of my lost health. So that, without further preamble
or Ceremony, I shall make bold to treat you with the
same Philosophic freedom, with which you promise to
oblige me, not only now, but at any other time, when I
find any thing to occur worthy of your notice, or that I
want to be informed of.
Had I thought, that M'" Franklin would have sent you
my last remarks on the yellow fever, or that you would
have taken any notice of them, I should have made them
more fit for your perusal. I only therein endeavoured to
give him some general hints of the difference between this
& other malignant & Pestilential fevers, by comparing
which with the very good Idea you had given of such in
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 315
general, he might have a better notion of this particular
one, & that for his own private use & information. I am
sorry, that I did not so much as keep a scrawl of what
I then wrote, no more than of your ingenious Paper, be-
cause of the great uneasiness it gives me to set to write,
& for want of an Ammanuensis. But as far as I now re-
member, I chiefly endeavoured to lay down & point out
those things which might indicate purging in this Dis-
ease; by which indeed this Pestilential distemper differs
chiefly from all others, & which I know, from my own
opinion of Pestilentials, before I saw this, few people can
have a just notion of, but rather think it prejudicial, as
I did myseK before I tryed it, & as you very justly in-
ferred in yours, from the general affections of the body in
these Diseases; which I then endeavoured to reconcile
with my opinion of what is peculiar to this, at least very
often, when it is so extremely fatal among us, that hardly
one in Ten survives it, & not even that by the common
methods of treating it. The Sum of all amounts to this,
if I remember well: you justly inferr, that where the Mo-
tion of the blood in the Capillaries is languid, & slower
than Natural, all Evacuations, but those made by Dia-
phoreticks (which evacuate from the extremities of the
Capillaries), are prejudicial; this is very right, as well
as where there is a Colliquation of the humors, or Gan-
grenous state of the inflammation in the viscera ; which,
according to the Notions of Pestilential fevers generally
laid down, is the most common Case in them, as in many
no doubt but it is; but in this I found after some time,
that there was rather too rapid than too languid a Circu-
lation, & that even in the Capillaries; the red Blood by
the force of the Circulation is forced into the Serous
Arteries, the Serum probably into the Lymphatic arteries,
&c., which occasions an Erysipelatous inflammation in
the parts affected; so that the Globular red blood is
rather protruded beyonds its bounds, than the Serum &
Lymph regurgitates back upon the Sanguine arteries,
when this disease is so very severe & mortal and the fever
becomes rather effluent, than influent ; & when this is the
316 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Case, I need not tell you, that proper & well-timed Evac-
uations are only to be relyed on. It is true, that there
are many Cases in this fever, in which the Motions of
nature are too languid, & in a manner extinguished by
the virulence of the Pestilent Miasma; but these very
seldom occurr in comparison to the other. So that if the
Alexipharmack Method was to be used indiscriminately,
& without regard to circumstances (as you know that
they must do who cannot judge of circumstances, which
is but too often the case in these parts of the world), it
would produce much worse effects, than even to use
evacuations indiscriminately, as I can testify by repeated
observation, whenever this distemper has appeared among
us; unless these Alexipharmac Medicines are succeeded
by a large & plentifull evacuation by sweat, so great as
to be Sufificient to keep off an inflammation, & ordered
before any appears. But as for the other secure and easy
method (I mean to the Practitioner, altho' not to the
Patient) of treating this distemper by diluents & mild
Diaphoreticks, altho' they are allwaies necessary, in the
Intervals of other more effectual appplications ; yet those
who recover by such a Method, do it rather by the power
of nature than Medicine; & to trust to them entirely, is
only Leonem subere excipere, (as the Latins say) to
throw at a Lyon with Corks instead of Stones.
Now since it would appear from hence, that Evacua-
tions are often necessary in this fever, the next Question
is, what Evacuations are most proper? There is no
doubt, but that the first place is to be given to that
Evacuation, which is made by sudorifics. But, alas ! this
will not allwaies answer in Practice as some pretend, or
as it seems to do in Theory. This supposes the Case to
be influent, & the Blood sufficiently thin, to pass off by
copious sweats. But when the Case is affluent, the Blood
viscid, or the vessels overdistended with a load of any
congested Matter, this puts all into confusion, & brings
on a true inflammatory fever, & putrid dissolution of the
humors, as you know often happens in many other fevers,
where Expelling sudorifics are plentifully thrown in. For
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 317
we are not to suppose, that this or any other Pestilential
fever is allwaies influent according to the common opin-
ion, on which the practice of expelling Sudorifics de-
pends. It is well known, that, that Judicious observer
Sydenham cured many of a Pestilential fever by bleeding
in large quantities, as in inflammatory fevers; in which
there is no doubt but that the fever was what we call ef-
fluent, as explained above, else there is little doubt, but
that this method must have been as prejudicial, as he
sales the vulgar feared it might; but when he came to
use the alexipharmac method instead of this, might not
the Case be different? It is but too well known, that he
did not attend to causes but to effects — now when this
is the Case, or the fever very high, or Effluent, as I call
it, it is plain, that the antiphlogistick instead of the
alexipharmac Method is to be used ; having still due re-
gard to the expulsion of the Pestilent Miasma by Dia-
phoreticks. It is in these Cases, in which purging is
sometimes necessary even in the beginning. The only
Indication for this is a turgescence of the Morbid Mat-
ter, in an Effluent fever, as you see I make it in my brief
Essay. What is meant by a turgescence of the morbid
matter is but too little explained, & hardly touched upon
by our modern writers of Physick who often call it an
orgasm of the humors, which denotes a violent commo-
tion agitation, & noxious quality of them: this is only
understood by those versed in the Doctrine of Hippoc-
rates, who laies it down as a general rule in all Diseases,
that when the morbid matter is turgid at the be-
ginning, it ought immediately to be evacuated by purg-
ing, aphor.22.1.1. as I can likewise testify by repeated
Experience. Now the morbid matter is said to be turgid,
when it abounds in such a quantity, that nature is not
able to subdue it by the ordinary methods of Coition, &
the Common or proper Evacuation of the disease or is so
acrid or noxious, that no part can bear it, for any time,
but it soon stimulates to an Expulsion of its own ac-
cord. But I think there is something more in it ; & that
this turgescence of the morbid matter implies a foreign or
318 CAD WALL ADER GOLDEN PAPERS
adventitious matter, different from that which Causes
the Disease. This foreign matter in our yellow fever is
twofold, viz : either P the great quantity of acrid Bilious
matter, poured out of the Glands, upon the Stomach &
Intestines, at the very beginning; or else 2'^ a quantity
of viscid Phlegm congested in the Body (the Glands &
Capillaries) in the winter & Spring Seasons; or in those
very wet, Calm, & warm Seasons, which favour the pro-
duction of Pestilential distempers; or in the Sanguines-
phlegmatic Constitutions, who suffer most by them.
These you may perceive are very different from those
subtile putrid vapours, which cause Pestilences, or from
the putrescent humors which they generate in the body ;
and when they abound, they ought first to be evacuated
by purging; & then the Cure is to be compleated in the
common way, as if there had been none Such. But if
you go to sweat in these Cases or do any thing else be-
fore you drain off these humors, you derive them from
the prima via to the blood & viscera, & throw them upon
some noble part, where they are sure to cause an ob-
struction, inflammation, & Gangrene. At least this is the
best account I can give, & the plainest reason I could
form to myself, of the great Mortality of this Disease,
from which hardly one escapes, when there is such a vast
quantity of Choler, & other acrid humors, thrown upon
the Stomach, & creates such disturbance there; or when
the sick have been troubled with a previous cold, & the
Glands & Capillaries stufl'ed thereby, which they are apt
to be in most sickly seasons, or in gross habits, in all
which this disease is so mortal.
But besides these Reasons for purging, & other Evac-
uations, you know, when we come to practise, the main
matter is to know the signs which indicate, & the proper
times to apply. These I have been carefull to set down,
and if you should ever have occasion to make use of
them (which God grant you never may) you may com-
mand them from me.
In these & the like Cases (as well as after Concoction
in an Icterus) I can safely say, that I never knew one
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 319
to take a purge, but they recovered, which I can say of
nothing else : but I must own I was cautious in their use,
& I believe too much so (thro' fear & prepossession ag®'
them), by which I am sensible, that many suffered. But
some, perceiving the good of purges in a few Cases, made
it a general rule of Practice to purge in all or most, who
were more to blame perhaps.
Give me leave to make this matter, about purging
in a turgescency of the morbid matter at the beginning,
still more plain to you, by a more familiar Instance, to
wit, in those Pleurisies and Peripneumonies, which are
so frequently mortal among us. The common, & most
frequently beneficial Evacuation here, is by bleeding &
spitting, because the Disease proceeds either from a
Plethora, or viscidity of the Blood. But when a large
quantity of thin Pituitous humors, congested by the
Colds of winter, overdistends the Glands & Capillaries;
or when a load of indigested Crudities are impacted on
the abdominal viscera, by a Cachectic habit, or some
foregoing autumnal distemper ; neither of them are to be
evacuated by these ordinary means ; but being derived to
the Blood, & set on float in it, they cause a fresh & new
congestion on the Lungs, in the height of the Disease,
which is nigh as fatal as our cruel Pestilential Distemper.
But the only way to prevent this fatal Catastrophe, is
by seasonable purging. Expertus loquor.
This puts me in mind of a new medicine, which we
have lately had cryed up among us for a Specific in these
pleuritic Disorders; I mean the Rattlesnakeroot. The
Effect of this is to purge, like any other deterging Medi-
cine. But you know that purges, instead of being Spe-
cifics, are rather Poysons in many Cases of Pleurisies:
the rigidity tensity, or contractility of the fibres, and
viscidity of the Blood are rather encreased thereby. But
yet this Root is sometimes beneficial in these disorders,
and that at the times, & for the reasons, above men-
tioned. But when it is given in a small quantity, so as
not to purge, it cleanses & deterges, like any other deter-
320 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
gent Pectoral. This I take to be the virtues of this new
medicine, & this its use in Pleurisies. Perhaps it may
not be unacceptable to you, to know how I first discov-
ered the virtues of this Root, as I hear, that you delight
in Botany. This useful! piece of knowledge I first learnt
in a Botanical journey, in which I found this Plant, &
discovered it to be a Species of Polygola, very like the
Polygala Vulgaris C.B.P., so like it, that I was sure, they
must both have the same virtues ; But the virtue of the
Root of the common Polygala is to purge, & upon tryal I
found the Rattlesnake-Root to have the same virtue.
There is another thing which you seem to request of
me, concerning the yellow fever; which is, to publish my
Account of it. That I cannot by any means do, at least
at this time, & am uncertain if ever I shall. But that I
may not seem to you to act without reason, I shall give
you, who are such a master of Reason, a very good reason
for it. You know, that this is but one of many Diseases,
that are either peculiar to our Climes, or vary their na-
tures so, as hardly to be known, and to be harder to
Cure, by those that are unacquainted with their peculiar
Causes, natures &c. among us ; or with the nature of the
common things, air, waters. Situation, &c. in this our
new world ; or how our Constitutions are affected, & en-
tirely altered by them, at least in these more Southern
Latitudes. All these I have had to enquire into, before
I thought I could discharge my duty, to those who trusted
their Lives to my care. Many other things, as the na-
tures & qualities of Minerals, Vegetables & Animals are
necessary to establish our art on a good foundation. In
short the whole System of Nature must be fathomed by
him, who would qualify himself for the sublime art of
healing. But my oflace & business in the world is to
know & understand as much of those things as I can,
in order to apply them, & not to teach them; Enough,
shall I say, or too much, for any one Man to do! at
least I have found it too much for me; when joyned
to the fatigues of such a slavish Practice, as you know
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 321
ours is. By these my health & Constitution are so much
impaired, that I am now no longer able to practise, as I
would & ought to do, instead of doing any thing else.
This little piece (which I got a Scribe to write for me)
was wrote for the use & perusal of one of the Masters of
the Art; & contains only such things, as I thought
might be new to the learned world, or at least not well
understood. For this Reason I never had any thoughts of
publishing it in America, nor of showing it to any one in
it, that I knew, but only to yourself, for whom alone I
left it at Philadelphia, where your Candour & Ingenuity
were represented to me, to be as great, as your skill &
knowledge, & that by those whom I took to be very
good Judges, as I since perceive they were — as for the
preservation of this little piece, since it is written, that
was designed to be by the Medical Essays at Edinburgh ;
but they were discontinued, before this was wrote, & it
is entirely unfit, & never designed, to appear by itself.
I thought indeed, that it might make a fit piece for the
records of the Philosophic Society at Philadelphia; but
was sorry to find none such, but what you had obliged us
with, & am still more sorry to hear, by D"" Spencer, that
their laudable design is in a manner entirely dropt. But
if I cannot satisfy the publick about these things yet
I allwaies make it my business to give all the Satisfac-
tion I can to my friends, about this or whatever else they
desire of me; So that if you desire any further informa-
tion, about the Diagnostic or Prognostic signs, the re-
ceived name among authors, the Nature, origin, Causes,
Artiology, prevention or suppression of this distemper
among us (which are not so much as touched upon in
my Account of it, that being only designed for the
proximate Causes & Cure) these, or anything else in my
power, you may at any time command from him, who
has the honour & pleasure to subscribe himself, with the
greatest Esteem, Worthy Sir,
Your most obliged and very humble Serv*
John Mitchell
322 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
I have mentioned my favourite Studies above, hop-
ing to have your information about them, or anything
relating to them. As I understand, you are acquainted
with the affairs of y^ Indians, pray did you ever notice
the distemper called the yaws, which La Hontan calls
the Pox in them. You will oblige me much by particular
Histories, or other accounts of it.
If you desire a brief account of my whole general
Practise in the Yellow fever, you may command it, the
first time I am at leisure, it can be of no great use to
you, unless such a distemper appears among you.
To Cadwallader Golden Esq""
P^ fav^ of M^ Franklin
Sept^ 11
P. S.
As I find that your Ingenious letters suggest several
usefuU hints to me, I cannot help taking notice of them
to you. In your last you imagine that the Bile contracts
a sort of corrosive quality from the infected Lymph.
We are much better acquainted with the Motions of our
humors, than their specific quaUties, altho' they ought
to be considered: So here the Bile seems to be violently
agitated by the Spasms of the Stomach & Precordia
which makes it thin, agitated, changes its colour (as in
Sea-sick people) &c. which makes its own Natural acri-
mony noxious enough ; altho' no doubt but the Pestilent
Miasma likewise affects it. But the Icterus appears to
me to be produced by obstruction of the Porus Biliarius,
& regurgitation of y"" Bile into the vena Cava.
The inflammation (as you rightly observe) is not the
same as in other inflammatory fevers; but the greatest
difference seems to me to be, that the blood is thin &
not viscid, the part affected a lax viscus & not the tense
Membranes & the inflammation an Erysipelas not a
Phlegmon. It is commonly represented by authors, as
if the Stomach was corroded in these Diseases, but I
could see no difference between this inflammation & a
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 323
Rose on the Leg, by ocular inspection. An Erysipelas is
apt to ulcerate.
You rightly say, that a due time is requisite to con-
coct the humors for a due Crisis in most fevers ; but you
must observe, that in this, we make a early Evacuation
to prevent (not so much to cure w^ cannot be done) the
mortal symptoms before the Crisis; after which the
Disease goes thro' its several stages with safety, which
it would not otherwise do, on account of its extreme
severity, too great for nature to conquer, like those Dis-
eases that are committed to her guidance vid. Sydenham.
Of this sort is what I call purging in the turgescency of
the morbid matter, which I have insisted more upon, as
it is absolutely necessary, when indicated, but not un-
derstood generally.
You think that lenitives may act like topical applica-
tions on the Stomach, which is a good thought, those
that have that quality are most proper, altho' others are
beneficial. Give me leave to illustrate this matter to
you by an example.
A Person was seized very severely with this distem-
per, with the usual symptoms, which were dreaded, as
she lay on her Back, every now & then would throw
out a mouthfull of Green Choler, with great anxiety &
uneasiness, she voided the like downwards, her fever
high, with great heat, flushings &c. Every night she
took a Clyster w* Sal. Nitr. &c. & cooling medicines, on
the 4*^ day a small remission of the fever. I gave her
then a purge of Rhubarb, Crem. Tartar. Mann. &c.
which gave her five stools, bringing away great quanti-
ties of such as she before vomited up. After this she lay
still & easy, fell a sleep (being allwaies restless, anxious
& tossing about before) & sweated in her sleep, by
which her fever abated so as never to be afterwards
dangerous, but went off on the usual day, the 7'". But
if this fever had not abated on this day (probably by
the help of Antiphlogistick or cooling Medicines) that
night it would have rose very high, with inflammation
in the Stomach, succeeding Icterus & death; if we may
324 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
judge of this by the Numerous parallel Instances, where
the Bilious humors (when they abound so) are not timely
evacuated.
In a day or two after this, another was seized with
this distemper, but so bad at the very beginning, that
none thought she could hve, 'till I could come to her.
She was continueally tumbling & tossing about, with the
violent anxietys, & sickness at her stomach, voiding great
quantities of yellow, green & black choler upwards. I
gave her a purge immediately, on the first day, which
carried the Choler off by several large stools. After
which she grew immediately easy, & went thro' the sev-
eral stages of the disease with ease, & not the least dan-
ger, altho' she continued loose (w*" I encouraged, rather
y° checked) the whole time. But if this Choler had not
been carried off, & she had been treated in any other
manner, the many Instances of the like kind give us all
room to think, that she would have dyed ; as few other-
wise live, who have this turgescency of Bile at the be-
ginning.
Another went thro' the several usual stages of this
Disease, 'till the 5'" day of it, when I was called. He
now began to have a yellowness come into his Eyes, on
this he was pronounced a dead man, as fourteen had been
in the same Condition in that family before, & not one
recovered, on the G'** day, (the day they all dyed on)
his Eyes were as yellow as ever I saw any ones in the
deepest Jaundice: He was a negroe, so could not judge
of his skin, but even that seemed to have a more Tawny
Hue. He now lay flat on his back, motionless, senseless,
& speechless, w* great Dyspnoea. His Pulse was the low-
est I ever felt; I could not discern it above a stroke or
two in a minutes time, on account of its lowness, not
slowness, for it was extremely quick. It was strongly
urged to give him a Cordial; but Nature is never to be
raised, but by removing what oppresses her. I gave him
a purge of Tamarinds, Crem. Tartar, & Mann., which
worked him in 3 or 4 hours; & in 12 hours after he took
it, I found him setting up eating victuals; the yellowness
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 325
much abated, & going off with an Icteritious foul urine,
which stained a ragg very yellow. He recovered on y"
7^^ without any sweat — after this they made it a rule
there to give every one a purge on the 6*'' day, by which
they cured some, & killed others.
Dum vitent vitia stulti, in contraria currunt.
You may easily perceive, that what is here done by
purges, is usually done by vomits in other fevers, w*" are
here unsafe on account of the spasm of the stomack &
constriction of the Precordia, orgasm of the humors &c.
which they encrease. in most, warm water, whey &c. is
sufficient.
In all other cases that have occurred to me, (except
one) which do not resemble these three, purges are preju-
dicial, I believe; so that no man would attempt them.
What you say of the Tarr- water may be probable;
but for my share, I do not care to affirm nor deny any
thing of a medicine, of which I have had no tryal. But
as for the surprising treatise that has been wrote of it;
I think, that if it had been wrote by Dean Swift instead
of Berkeley, it might have been reckoned a very proper
performance for his wit, & a good banter upon the many
extravagant publishers of new medicines. But as I
should be glad to be informed, from whatever quarter. So
I should be very loath to condemn a thing entirely, on
account of the oddness of its dress or appearance. If
you make any tryalls of this medicine, you will find our
Tarr very unfit (in my opinion) for the purpose, for the
reasons you may see in a small account of two of our
Pines, left with M"" Bartram. The gross resinous parts
of the Lightwood (out of w*" our Tarr is made) retains
so much of the fire, & is so thick, that even our Sailors
complain it burns their ropes, & will not penetrate into
them or Plank, as other Tarr does, & must not both these
qualities make it very unfit for our bodies? The best Tarr
you may procure here, by burning the Turpentine of
some of your Firrs (Abies not Pinus) which they say
you have in plenty, for this is more limpid &c. then Pine
Turpentine. Thus they make Tarr in Europe.
326 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
As I have a little Paper left, allow me to fill it up,
with some further remarks on the Yellow fever, which
may be more useful!, as they tend to prevent it. This
Distemper was first called by D'" Towne a jehris ardens
Biliosa, & reckoned such by most in y*" West-Indies. But
D'' Warren lately has declared it to be a Malignant fever,
in which he comes nigher the truth. But I think that it
is certainly Pestilential. You know malignant fevers
proceed from common Causes, generally a great appara-
tus of humors in primis viis; or in the veins. But Pesti-
lentials proceed from a peculiar miasma, like the Small-
Pox, Plague &c. which breed a greater corruption or
depravation of the humors, than can be bred by common
Causes, & prove more contagious, mortal &c. It would
be tedious to show you this, but the Disease will show it,
if ever you should see it.
So that the next question is, whence does this Con-
tagious vapour, or peculiar miasma proceed from? I
have been very carefull to trace its origin, no less than
four times among us ; & find that it was allwaies imported
in British vessels from England, & once in a man of
War, that came directly from London, after a long &
tedious voyage. D'' Warren observed it to be imported
to the West-Indies likewise in a ship of War. But he
thinks that it was derived from the Levant, from whence,
it is true, most Pestilential Distempers generally come,
but I fear not all. It was undoubtedly bred on board
this Man of War that brought it here. Davila takes
notice of a like Disease bred among the English only in
sailing from the Coasts of England to France ; & is there
not much more reason for its being bred among them in
their long voyages in these more intemperate Climes?
At other times this Disease is imported by the Servants
& Slaves, which are imported in such Crowds into these
Colonies, & often depopulate them more, than recruit
them, a bad thing for Infant Colonies! & worthy the
notice of the Civil powers. I have been informed, that
it was imported in this manner into Philadelphia twice,
once by the Palatines, & once from Bristol; which was
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 327
the best account I could get of it from the Inhabitants.
Some of the Physicians thought it was owing to the air,
but that rather propagates, than originally breeds the
Contagion. In bad states of Air (as moist, Cahn, &
warm) it will spread from these Causes, when it does
not in more healthy Seasons. I should be glad of a par-
ticular account, how it came to New- York.
In what manner it is bred in such places, I shall
deliver my Sentiments perhaps some other time. This
is certain in general, that it proceeds from Animal putre-
faction. The only way to prevent this putrefaction is
by Salt, Smoak & vinegar, which we daily use for that
purpose. This and Steams of Sulphur have the same
effect. The two last are most easily applyed on board
these ships, to prevent this Contagion. So I would ad-
vise them to have air-holes on each side of the ship,
where they are confined between Decks by sickness &c.
to let out the noxious steams, or use a ventilator; rub &
scour their apartments &c. daily with vinegar (which
however I have known prove ineffectual alone), & have
vinegar allwaies boiling in them, & smoak them with
Sulphur; & to separate the sick from the well. But
when it comes into a Town or Countrey, it ought to be
avoided as a Plague; chiefly by such separation.
There are many kinds of Pestilential fevers mentioned
by authors. The Petechial, Hungarian, Camp & Goal
fevers, with the Pestilential fever from Asia & Africa.
Of these ours most resembles the Camp & Goal fevers in
its origin, but not in its appearances & Cure. In these
it entirely agrees with the Hungarian fever, (as it was
called in Germany in the time of the Holy War), accord-
ing to the accounts several good writers have given of it.
I have seen this & the Goal fever at the same time, &
found them different in circumstances. The greatest dif-
ference is in the apparatus of humors in primis viis (Bile,
viscid crudities &c.) in our Americans, which chiefly cause
the Icterus, & its name among us. In these it agrees with
the Hungarian Pestilence, as it was called, as well as in
328 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
all other symptoms, Causes, & Cure &c. whence I pro-
nounce y™ the same disease.
J. M.
Of this we have good accounts by y^ German writers
in y* 16*'' & l?**" Centuries, when this Disease surprised
Europe as much as ours has done America, & proved
more fatal, lasting 30 years, vid. Jordan, Conradin,
Cober, Langius, Crato, Rulendiis, Lennertus, &c.
From Cadwallader Colden to Dr. John Mitchell
[Unsigned copy in Colden's handwriting]
New York Coldengham Nov"" 7*'^ [1745]
Dear S''
I receiv'd yours of the 10*'^ & ir*" of Sept' on the 3"*
instant in which you have answer'd mine in so kind &
obliging a manner that I hope I may for the future lay
aside ceremony while at the same time it lays me under
the strongest obligations to give you every information
you desire as far as is in my power I have now the
pleasure to think that you & I differ litle in our Senti-
ments of the nature & the Indications of cure in the yel-
low fever & tho' I had differ'd in opinion as you have
had opportunities of observing it in all its circumstances
the juvantia & Isedentia I would have entirely acquesced
in your Judgement & have given up my own opinion for
I am not furnished with the requesites to form any
Judgem*^ in this case all I can do was to form an
Opinion. Nothing can be more obliging than the offer
of your whole general practise in the yellow fever & there
is not any thing I am more desirous of seeing. Tho' by
my Scituation in the Country we may here keep free
from the Infection yet I have Children & Grand Children
in the City who are every year exposed to it. I hope you
will be particular in the Diagnostic for so far as I can
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 329
learn our Practitioners are in doubt often about it till the
direfuU & fatal symptoms appear & till it become more
generally Epidemical & I beg likewise your observations
in the Prognostic & the other particulars are you so kind
to offer And I am particularly desirous to know
whether acids have been tried in this Distemper or acids
mixed with Diaphoretics in large quantities of diluents as
I observe that you used them with w^onderfull success in
purgatives I shall endeavour to get all the Informa-
tion I can from the Practitioners in the City & send to
you any particulars which I think may be worth your
seeing I am in hopes they may more freely communi-
cat their observations to me than they do to one another
for they can not be Jealous of my having any design to
supplant them in their trade as they are scandalously so
of one another & have thereby render'd themselves & the
practise of Physick in this Country contemptible
I shall now tell you what I have learn'd of the [torn]
progress of the yellow fever the two several times it has
appear'd in New York but for the better understanding
of it I must premise some Account of the Scituation of
the place. New York is scituated upon a point between
two rivers the one on the west side of the town the other
on the east The shipping lye all on the east side &
there all along the shoar from one end of the Town to
the other there is a continuation of wharfs to which the
ships lay their sides except at the ends of those streets
which run nearly perpendicular to the river & terminate
upon the river where the wharfs are discontinued & Gaps
left called Slips into which the Periaguas & small Vessels
enter & unload & here at the ends of these streets the
Market places are built. These slips are likewise the com-
mon shores into which all the filth & nastiness of the
town & streets is emptied so that in the summer time
there is constantly a most offensive abominable smell in
them. The Northeast part of the Town or the furthest
from the confluence of the two rivers was formerly a
Marsh & still retains the Dutch name the Vly (that [is]
the Marsh) tho it be now turn'd into handsome streets &
330 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
houses This part of the Town had been every summer
so long as I remember subject to Malignant dysenteries
especially among children All that part where the
wharfs are is low ground The town is built in other
parts on high ground About 9 or 10 years since the
royal Battery was built at the entrance into the harbour
near the confluence of the two rivers and as it extends
a considerable way into the stream of the river it stopt
the current all along the whole extent of the wharfs.
Before this the stream in a great measure by the swift-
ness of the current along the sides of the wharf carried
away a great part of the filth that was thrown off the
wharfs & came from the slips which now settles & some-
times keeps floating in the eddy
In the summer of the year 1743 the yellow fever be-
came first Epidemical in New York tho' from some ob-
servations I have heard it may be supposed to have been
imported at other times but it never spread till then
It first began on the wharfs in that part of the town
called the Vly & spread so much in that part & its neigh-
bourhood that few families in there escaped while the
other parts of the town especially the high grounds of
the Town remain'd entirely free except in some few cases
where particular persons receiv'd the infection by visiting
& attending their sick friends in the sickly part.
These circumstances made me conclude that tho the
sickness may not have had its rise from the putrid va-
pours of that part of the town yet it certainly ow'd its
propogation to them This induced me to collect what
accounts I had in books (from Lancisius chiefly) of places
which had been infamous for Endemial Diseases from
such like causes & had become afterwards healthy by the
Care of their Magistrats. My Business carrying me to
town in the Fall of that year I carried my rough Draft
with me & show'd it to a friend on whose Judgement I
very much depend & he thinking it might be usefuU I
left it with an attorney's clerk to copy fair & then to be
given to the Magistrats of the City which accordingly
was don but as that Copy went from hand to hand at
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 331
last it could not be recover'd for the use of the Magistrats
& many became desirous to see it For this reason it
was resolv'd to print it without consulting me from (a
very incorrect) copy which the Attorney's clerk took for
himself while he copied it for the use of the Magistrats
& it was accordingly printed with all the copiers mistakes
in the New York Postboy ^ & afterwards reprinted in the
New York Gazette & M^ Franklin's paper - at Philad^**
in all which the same errors were copied It had this
good effect however that the Magistrats set in good
earnest about remedying the inconveniencies from the
noxious putrid Vapours in that part of the Town called
[the] Vly & were at a considerable expence in making
drains &c for carrying off the stagnating Waters & filth &
likewise made ordinances for keeping that & the other
parts of the City allwise clean But as this could not
be don without a considerable expence to the Inhabitants
& several inconveniencies to several private persons it
rais'd such a clamour amongst the poorer people (by
whose negligence & trades these mischiefs complain'd of
chiefly arose) that some people by that means form'd a
Design to change the whole Magistracy of the City
For the Government of the City is entirely popular the
Magistrats being yearly elected by the Populace This
put a stop to the compleating of the Plan which the
Magistrats had form'd. However we may presume that
so far as they went had a good effect for the next
year 1744 the city continued rather more healthy than
usual But this year in the month of June the yellow
fever broke out again upon the wharfs where the Magis-
trats had not executed any part of their plan for keeping
them clean not in the Vly where it did the year be-
fore but nearer to the entrance of the harbour & con-
tinued chiefly upon those wharfs & their neighbourhood
1 The second part of Colden's essay was printed in no. 50 of Parker's
New-York Weekly Post-Boy, Jan. 2, 1743/4, and the third part in no.
51, Jan. 9, 1743/4. The New York Historical Society lacks no. 49 of the
newspaper, in which the first installment of the essay was printed. The
entire essay may be found in the American Medical and Philosophical
Register (N. Y., January, 1811), I, 310-30.
- The Pennsylvania Gazette.
332 CADWALLADER COLDEN PAPERS
while the Vly remained free as the other higher parts of
the Town did except as before observ'd when the infec-
tion was carried into the other parts from this. What I
now [torn] to you is from such information as I think
may be depended As to the methods of cure or man-
agements of the Distemper I cannot give you any Satis-
factory accounts because most of the Practitioners with
us are moved by such sordid principles & are so envious
of one another that it is diflBcult to learn any thing truely
from them but I believe it is true what one of them told
me who afterwards dy'd of the yellow fever that they
had not been able to discover any method which had
recommended it self by any remarkable success As
to the practise this year I have no information not hav-
ing ben in town since the beginning of July when the
first two were seiz'd with this distemper & then the prac-
titioners were abusing one another some positive^ as-
serting it to be the yellow fever & the others denjdng
it
From w^hat I have with sufficient certainty learn'd
I think I may affirm that the Infection was imported
into New York both in the year 1743 & 1745 by its ap-
pearing first both times upon the Docks where the ship-
ping lye & probably from the West Indies. In the next
place I conclude that a putrid atmosphere is necessary
for the propogating it This I think clearly follows
from the Different states of health in the Lower & higher
parts of the City both this time & the former. Some are
of Opinion that it has in several instances appear'd before
it became epidemical and in the Intervalls between the
times of its being Epidemicall & at all Seasons of the year
in the Winter as wtII as in the hot weather at which time
it has only been Epidemical in this country <fe in several
parts of the Country as well as in the Town but that in
all these cases the grand symtoms which distinguish this
Desease did not so manifestly appear & the fever was less
acute & of longer continuance What gives rise to this
conjecture is that from time to time persons have been
seiz'd with obstinate fevers which no way yielded to the
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 333
common methods & prov'd unexpectedly mortal We
have had likewise in the Country intermittents & re-
mittents accompanied with unusual acute pains like
pleuretic pains These after once bleeding commonly
& sometimes without bleeding certainly yielded to Gentle
Diaphoretics & keeping warm & without the Diaphoretics
the bark did not succeed as usual & they were often
attended with a rash on the Skin. When I was in town in
June last the Epidemic fever appear'd with a rash on the
Skin sometimes like the Febris Miliaris at other times
like the scarlet fever Now from the whole I conclude
that tho' the yellow fever might have been imported at
several times & into several places certain circumstances
& a putrid atmosphere were necessary to propogate it so
as to become Epidemical & that without these assistances
the fermentation never rose to that height to produce
the terrible symtoms which distinguish this fever to every
beholder. Therefor it would be of the greatest use to
have the Pathognomonic symtoms which distinguish this
fever in the beginning & in its mildest appearances as
well as when it shows it self by its direfull effects
For these reasons likewise I have been induced to
think that the several malignant fevers which have for
some years past appear'd in England & other parts of
Europe & have sometimes been called nervous fevers &
have passed under different denominations at different
times & in different places may all of them owe their
Original to this yellow fever in the West Indies which
has from thence been transported into Europe & makes
these different appearances according to the different
Climates & atmosphere more or less fitted for promoting
the specific ferment of this desease If this be so then
it is no wonder that it should be imported from Europe
& by Vessels crouded with passengers & more where there
is not sufficient care to keep them clean
For in this case the ferment which v/as allmost stifled
for want of proper pabulum to feed it meeting with the
putrid atmosphere of such ships & being enlivened by the
heats of our summers may revive with extraordinary
334 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Vigour. What gives this conjecture the greater force
with me is this that I think all contageous fev[ers] as the
small Pox, Measles Scarlet fever &c have their specific
levens or a kind of specific Genitura & which never alter
no more than the species of Animals & Vegetables.
This leads me to tell you for my heart opens while I
write to you as it does in conversation with a friend That
at my first entrance on the Study of Physic I imbibed
the Mechanic system with great greediness It giving the
only Satisfactory account of the Animal Oeconomy which
I had seen & the other Systems containing only confused
notions of things without communicating distinct Ideas
of what they intended but after more serious considera-
tion I found the Mechanic system was very defective &
at last am now fully convinced that the alterations in the
Animal juices very litle depend on Mechanical principles
& that even the first & principal mover in the Circulation
is no way Mechanical. My reasons for this I intend
to have copied out for you from some thoughts I have
thrown together on the Animal Oeconomy in an healthy
& morbid state where they no way depend upon & con-
sequently cannot be accounted for from mechanic
causes As what I now send you is fundamental to the
whole chain of thoughts which I have had on that sub-
ject I must beg of you to give me your thoughts without
reserve on the force of the reasoning in that part
As to what you desire to know of me whether the
Yaws was among the Indians originally that is I suppose
before the Christians conversed with them I cannot say
& I doubt whether any certain answer now can be given
to it because it is now so long since the Christians have
been among them that I suspect the Indians themselves
cannot answer the Question with Certainty I have
often heard that they had the French Pox among them
& if my conjecture on that head be right it is probable
they may have had the French Pox among them before
the Christians came but not the Yaws For I take the
French Pox or Lues Venerea to have been originally from
America and the Yaws originally from Africa That the
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 335
they may both be properly placed under the same Genus
they are specifically different & require different Methods
of cure. I shall send with this an account of the cure
of the Yaws by Tar Water in the Words I had it from
D"" Johnson of Stratford a Divine of the Church of Eng-
land of a distinguished character for candour & learn-
ing A negro man not far from my house as I am
inform'd has been likewise cured by the same means after
the Mercurial Methods had fail'd
M"" Alexander the most intimate friend I have tho'
neither he nor I have any Opinion of D"" Berkeley's no-
tions has of late intertain'd an extraordinary opinion of
Tar Water & is in hopes of getting clear of the Gout by
the use of it. In his youth he was subject to sweaty feet
so that in the summer time if he did not daily change
his stockens his feet were apt to be offencive to those
near him. His business for several years confin'd him
allmost constantly to the house reading & writing for he
is the most ind[e]fatigable man in business I ever
knew By this he grew very corpulent & contracted a
bad state of health has for several years been troubled
with the Gout & Gravel As soon as he had the Gout
or before it he had no more sweating in his feet. Last
winter about New Year he had D"" Berkeley's treatise put
into his hands he was resolv'd to try the Tar water for
his Gout & began immediately the use of it He soon
found the Benefite of it as to his Appetite & Digestion &
escaped a fit of the Gout last Spring which he had not
done for several years before He continues the use of
it & he lately wrote to me that he had not been in so
good a state of health for many years & that he was in
hopes of getting free of his Gout by reason the sweating
of his feet was return'd And all this he attributes to
the Tar Water. Many experiments have been made with
it in several parts of the Country & I can say that in
several Scorbutic cases & hysteric it has don more than
any thing which I know. The Scurvy is exceedin[gly]
common in North America & hardly any body [torn] free
336 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
of it & often mistaken in the different shapes it takes in
this climate for other Deseases
May I desire you from some symtoms you mention in
your own case to examine whether they be not Scorbutic
& if you have any reason to think so I adventure to
recommend the trial of Tar Water to you We are very
sensible of the Difference which you observe between the
Carolina Tar & the Northern Tar. If you think of try-
ing it I must put you in mind of the oyl which often
rises upon the Tar Water & more on the Carolina Tar
than any other This must be carefully taken off for
it is exceedingly offencive to the Stomach If there be
none of this oyl most people can drink it with pleasure
& I never observ'd Tar Water offencive to the
Stomach The Newer it is the more pleasant for by
standing long it some times contracts a disagreable
acidity
It is impossible for me within the bounds of a letter
to explain to you the reasons on which I have form'd my
sentiments on something which I have advanced I
can only in general tell you that I think that I have dis-
cover'd the first principles of Action in the Material
World & that I think I can demonstrate them & from
them demonstrate not only all the Phsenomena arising
from Gravitation but the cause of Gravitation itself In
short I think that I can demonstrate the Theorem in
S"" Isaac Newtones Principia from these Principles & that
independently of the conic sections which alone would
be some advantage to those who are not so perfect in
that Doctrine as the understanding of S"" Isaac Principia
requires But I have likewise open'd to my self a Pros-
pect for improvement in Physicks which extends beyond
any view I can take in at once I am in hopes it may
likewise be of use to explain some other Phsenomena be-
sides Gravitation of which none of the Philosophers have
hitherto been able to give any tollerable account. I must
allow you after you have read what I now write to think
me exceedingly vain if not very foolish & all I can say
to it is this that I have drawn up my thoughts on these
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 337
Principles so far as relates to the cause of & Phaenomena
in Gravitation of which I intend to print as many copies
at my own expence as I think will be sufficient to lay it
before proper Judges for examination & no more copies.
I should have been very glad to have had your Judge-
ment of it before I proceed so far if the distance between
us would have permitted I think this method of print-
ing it will be less chargeable & troublesome than the
writing so many copies as would be necessary to have
it sufficiently & properly examined If I continue in
this resolution you may depend on having one copy sent
you for your judgement as soon as it shall be printed
which I expect may be before next spring & I must beg
of you to suspend the impressions which I am affray'd
what I have now wrote may make till that time
You see in what manner I amuse my self in a Soli-
tary part of the world where I am allmost deprived of the
benefite of all conversation If it shall be found by
yours & some of my friends Judgement that I have
amused myself usefully I shall have as much pleasure in
old age as ever I had in the gayest or busiest time of my
life My Ambition is now confin'd to this single wish
in Cicero Otium cum dignitate. You are engaged in no
less usefuU pursuits such as require labour of body as
well as mind & therefor more fitted for youth Sorry
I am that your state of Health should so much disable
you in the pursuit & I am much concern'd that it endan-
gers the loss of a Correspondence of which I have but
just tasted the pleasure But every consideration must
yield to that of the Health of our friends I hope how-
ever that if your health require you to go to Brittain that
even amidst the Crowds of the engaging Conversation
you will there meet with in the Company of Philosophers
of the first rank you may sometimes find a void hour to
remember
Dear S'
Your most affectionately obliged
Servant
338 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Pray remember me kindly to my old friend Pat
Cheap You may tell him that I now live in a solitary
part of the Country with my wife & children only with
as much pleasure as he has often seen me have in a cheer-
full hour in his Company. His Godson Alexander has
now two children a Boy & a Girl but perhaps if he be
still a Batchellor he'l not care to think of any aflfinity
to the word Grandfather. My wife desires you to tell
him that she wishes to have an opportunity of making
another Bowl of Punch for us as she has formerly
don Please likewise to give my Service to D"" Spencer
[Addressed:] To D"- Mitchel Urbanna
Virginia by
the favour of M' Franklin
From John Armitt
Philad. 3*^ of the 2^ mo. 1746
Esteemed Fr*^
Thine came to Hand but Yesterday. These may Acc-
quaint thee I have received both Interest and Principle
for Hines's Mortguage being £107.15. — that with what
was in my hands before is upwards of £200. One hun-
dred of which I have got in Jersey bills. As for Bills of
Exchange they are very scarce and at £82i/2 ^ C* and at
this time a great risque of their being good. If thou dost
incline to purchase any, had much rather it could be done
at York for fear of a dissapointment & loss, however
shall wait thy further direction and Conclude thy As-
sured friend
John Armitt
P.S. The Widow Lithgow calld at my house but being
from home had not the opportunity to hear her request,
but partly understand it to be that she earnestly desires
c.4lDwallader golden papers 339
thou wilt answer her last letter whether they were pro-
posalls of Settling the affair &c* I am Ignorant off but I
beleive She is in very strait circumst^
J. A.
[Addressed : ] For Cadwallader Golden Phi : 3 dwt
to be left
At Post Office
in
New York
From John Armitt
Philad'^ 21st of 3*^ mo 17 [46]
[EJsteemed Fr*^
By our last London Ship above a month since We had
the greatest Sum of protested bills came back that ever
I remember, it was said they amounted to severall thou-
sand pounds sterP — however shall endeavour to get good
ones If I can and should be glad to have plain directions
who to send them to and where also thy Brothers name.
I dont find here is any likelyhood of getting under £82,10
^ C* or higher, shall use my best endeavours and wait
thy further advice and Conclude with due respects thy
Assured friend
John Armitt
[Addressed:] For Cadwallader Colden Phi: 3 dwt
to the Care of
Richard Nicholls
Post Master
In New York
340 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
To John Golden
New York June 28*'' 1746
Dear John
I am much pleas'd with your care in my absence &
with your manner of writing only I must put you in mind
that you make some sUps in your spelling I hear the
Meadows every where this year yield less than usual
I think you are in the right to mow the Quarter with the
Timothy grass soon because it will spoil by lodgeing &
then the Meadow in the summer follow must be mow'd
otherwise you will not get the Timothy grass out The
Foul meadow grass & that which comes naturally like
it I would have cut with sickles for seed but that which
comes of it self kept separate from that which was sow'd.
Will must plow the meadow when ever he can for grass
seed. I make no doubt of your care but take care at the
same time not to hurt your health You do well to
take your Brother Cadwallader's advice as often as you
can Tell Davy I hope he'l mind his book You
must give him assistance as often as you can when he
wants it & make him cen[torn] to you It will be of
use to your self to refresh your memory in the grammar
rules I am
Your affectionate father
Caldwallader Golden
[Addressed:] To M^ Jo Golden
at Goldengham
[Note added on the outside sheet by Alexander Golden:]
This came by Gourte yesterday Evening he does
not go doun till the end of next week M"" Harison
writes to me my father went last Sunday to Westchester
& was not to return for 2 or 3 days
The bag of Sand hanch lost by the way one of the
Germans will take it as far as my brothers I have
open'd [torn] hampers but hope all is safe
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 341
From John Lin de say
Sep^ 5^"^ 1746
Sir
I presumed to truble you with a Letter Some time
agoe to which tho I be not Honoured with a return I yet
write you this, to tell you that I am Sory I should have
asked your friendship at a time when it was improper,
I am well informed that on the Indians applying to his
Excellencey to have me Sent to Oswego to Relive
C* Butler he was in a great passion against me thinking
I had put them on doeing it I have too good an
oppinion of the Go"" to think this proceeded from any
thing but from misinformation I have therfor wrote to
his Excellencey y^ Inclosed which you please to De-
liver In it I have told that ther is not on Indian that
ever Saw me at Oswego but Desires much to See me ther
again, & that they have been Speaking of this Since ever
I came from thence & this is knowen by every person
that Converses with the Indians if you will Doe me
the favour to ask the Interpreter or any person that hath
been amongst them they will Confirm this & y^ all the
Indians Said on this Subject had been honestly told
they gave Substancetial reasons for their Demand which
are well knowen to IVP Johnston & all y*" traders; they
Last fall peticioned the Gov"" on this head. Altho I have
Layn under great Discouragements Yet the Indians have
all ways payed greater respect & obedience to me than to
any person. I'll give you only two Instances of this
when I was at Oswego Six of y'' greatest Canuaga &
Schoenidie Indians with a french Interpreter Cam ther
to y^ oy'" Side of y^ River the Indians Cam all to See
me I used them well & kindly when we were Con-
verseing together I Say y® frenchman fix his flag tho not
bloweing into y" ground oposite to his tent I told our
Indians that I could not allow a french flag to be fixed
in the King my Masters ground on v/hich they ran down
and took it out & it appeared no more, the oy" was when
342 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
I was returning from Oswego at the falls I Saw about 150
Indians & a White flag blowing on Seeing of this I
made a Sign Since I could not speak to an Indian that
was with me to Call to them to take it down they
regarded him not So I ran to the head of y^ batoe how
Soon they Say me they took it down & Covered it with
a Blankite & Came all to y^ water Side & Saluteted me
with their arms when I cam ashoar I found y^ Phila-
delphia Interpreter with them I asked him whey he
could alow them to cary that flag he Said it was not
in his power to hinder it I stood on it all y* time I
spook to the Indians & when I went away they all waited
on me over y^ falls & Caried over my batoe without un-
loading her & Saluted me when I went off. I think y^
Country had Credite in this & what Credite others be-
haviour gives I Leave oy""^ to tell if they dare. I gott
this Garison because he that Com*^ rendered himself
unworthy of it I keep it in good order & were it not for
a Reason I need not tell you I had much rather stay here
than goe to Oswego, when ther I keept a M*^' of what
passed betwixt y^ Indians and me which herewith Send
you which you may read when you have nothing else to
doe parden this Long Letter I have no more room
than to add that I am
D^ Sir
Your Hon" most ready Ser*
John Li noes ay
From Mrs. Peter De Lancey to Mrs. Cadwalhder Colden
Jan^y 2^ 1746/7
Dear Mad""
I am quite anxious to hear from you I haven't had
that satisfaction since before my Father left N.York nor
have I yet heard how he got home I have not had
Oppertunity neither to write but once since which was
a short line in a hurry to my Father about a week
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 343
ago all convayances by Water are shut up & the
weather has been so extreem hard that there was hardly
any travelling any way. for a week past we have had very
good slaying by which means I thought to have had the
oppertunity of seeing Sis'" Warren & the rest of my
Friends at York & yesterday M"" De Lancey & I were set
out upon that intent but found the road too hard to
proceed & were oblidg'd to turn back I intended to
take that time to wean Aley & made a begining last night
but she made a very bad begining & seems harder [to]
wean then any of the others have been but she is in very
good health & very able to be without the breast we
all I thank God injoy that blessing & have kept freer
from any disorder of colds then usual.
Since M"" Warren came M'' De Lancey has bought his
Brother Stephens house with all the back lotts belonging
to it quite down to M"" Moores for three thousand
pounds he says he intends it for Stephen I wish
he may prove to deserve it. M" Warren does or is to live
in it M"" Watts has bought the Country place at
Bloomindale he offer'd M" De Lancey his fine house
in exchange for his but he thinks there is no comparison
between them & wouldn't except of double the offer.
I hope Madam you have an agreable Christmass I
often thought of you all yesterday and the evening before
expecting you were together as usual it has been so
dull here I could hardly think it was Christmass time
tho' we should not have been so lonesom I believe but
our intending to go to York prevented our having com-
pany that would have been here I hope Mad"' the
insuing year may prove a happy one to my Father you
& all my Brothers & Sisters please to say so for me
and offer my duty & love as I ought I take the op-
pertunity of being alone to write this [to] go with the
first opper*^ that oft^ers M"" D L being [a] broad I
can't say what he offers Stephen John & Pe[t]er &
Nancy desire their complements as usual & wish their
grandpapa you & all their Uncles & Aunts a merry
Ch[rist]mass & a happy new year I have no more to
344 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
ad but my prayers for your happiness which that you
may for ever in joy is the wishes & prayer of Mad™
Your most duty[full] & obedient Dau[ghter]
Eliz: De Lancey
New York Jan""^ 6
What is above I wrote some days ago at home we
came here yesterday & found all friends well Sister
De Lancey is better than she has been a long time we
intend to lodge there to night we are now at Sister
Warens in our own house we intend to return to
morow
[Addressed:] To M""^ Golden
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
[c. April 1, 1747?]
My Dear
As Peter Mulleners son promises to call for this I take
the Oppertunity to inclose the News papers & to assure
you that I continue in perfect health & cheerf uU You'l
see by the Gov""^ speech that he designs for Albany but
as we have no news from England every thing must re-
main uncertain till then The Gouncil have voted an
address of thanks to his Excellency for his speech The
Assembly adjourned for a few days till their absent mem-
bers arive & then we shall be able to judge better then
at present we can. Its probable I must go with the Gov""
to Albany but the time is uncertain & it will be delay'd
as long as possible till we hear from England. In reality I
can give you no certain News M"" De Lancey came to
me on friday last when he left Betty & the Children
well I shall endeavour to see her as soon as I can but
I don't care to ride so far alone I had a letter from
her in which she tells me that she was writing to all of
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 345
you by John Whary Remember me affectionately to
all our dear Children
[Addressed : ] To M" Golden
at Coldengham
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colde^i
New York April 18'^^ 1747
My Dear
I had the pleasure of seeing our Daughters last Sun-
day about eleven before noon & of receiving yours of
the 9*'' They are in perfect good health & have been
exceedingly well receiv'd by all their acquaintance
M" Clinton makes me many complements on their ac-
count & design'd to have invited them last thursday
night to supper but the Cook was taken ill They had
a grand Intertainment that day at M''® Alexanders. You
will be well pleased as well as I am that they are so much
taken notice off every where M""^ Clinton tells me that
she will return their visit next week & Miss Clinton who
was with them all day at M" Alexanders professes much
fondness for them I have don all in my power to get
Indian corn here but I cannot some is sold at 2/6 but it
is bad wet & ill smell'd You must therefor indeavour
to get it some where else. Our son Alexander perhaps
may assist you. We have no News from England still
tho' the Gov"" receiv'd an express yesterday from Boston.
The Opposition has given the Gov'* a new disgust which
I hope will produce no ill effect There has been a new
rumour of the rising of the Negros but upon enquiry no
foundation can be found for it. I have wTote to Cad-
wallader to go over to the Oblong to survey a lot for
me You must give him what money may be requi-
site I have bought a Wig & a hat for John but I do
not think it safe to send them by this conveyance being
only a passing sloop. You will perceive that I am still
346 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
under the same uncertainties as to my stay here but
these uncertainties cannot give more uneasiness to you
than they do to many others because it keeps all publick
business under uncertainty Pray divert & amuse your
self as well as you can I will not stay longer from
you than you your self would wish after you know &
consider things I am in perfect health & easiness of
mind &
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Golden
Take care of M"" Shirley's letter that it be not lost I
sent up some limes from Peter 150 by M"" Ellison's sloop
& desir'd him to take half & send the rest to you with
some Garden seeds from M""^ Glinton I had only time
to write a note to M"" Ellison by M' Sacket who call'd in
as he was going on board
From Mrs. Peter De Lancey to Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
May 6 1747
Dear Mad""
I embrace this oppertunity by Andrew Mc dowal to
acquaint you of our being in good health I have been
without the pleasure of seeing my Sisters till yesterday
forenoon that they both came in a chair & Adam to
guide them on horseback they happen'd to have bad
weather by the way and were wett the outside of their
cloaths but have got no hurt by it and are very well
my Father writes he expects them down again the
beginning of next week so that I am to have but a few
days of their company but as they tell me you have
promis'd to allow them & me that favour again of one
of them this Summer it recompences in expectation the
pleasure I now lose
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 347
I am sorry to hear it is like to be such troublesom
times in the Country which will make me anxious about
you Madam & I hope you will please to give me the satis-
faction of hearing often from you I hope God of his
goodness will vouchsafe to preserve you from all danger,
I give you many thanks for the rennet bags I in-
tend to follow your method this summer intirely in mak-
ing cheese for I had no success at all last summer in
other methods. I intend to begin this month for my
condition I fea[r] will disable me from doing it my self
the latter part of the summer. Stephen is going from
us this day to board and School at one M"" Bartows ^ at
West Chester I should have been better pleas'd we
could have had a good school so near that he might have
liv'd at home but I think he cant be in a better house
abroad and it is full time he was learning more then he
can do at home I can allways be with him in half an
hour, he and the rest that can speak offer their duty to
you and their Aunt and Uncles M"" De Lancey joins
with me in the same to you and our love to my Bro""^ &
Katy I am D"^ Mad'°
Your most dutyfuU
& Obedient Daughter
Eliz : De Lancey
My sisters offer their duty they both wrote to you
yesterday before they came out
[Addressed:] To M"-' Colden
att
Coldenghame
1 Basil Bartow.
348 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
To Mrs. Cadwallader Colden
New York Sept' 8*^ 1747
My Dear
We ar[e] so full of Business by M'' Catherwoods
arival this morning that I have no more time than to
assure you that I am i[n] perfect health I have been
at Greenwich since Sunday [m]orning & am to be only
two hours in Town in whic[h] time I have several things
to do & must go back again [to] Greenwich I wrote
yesterday to Alex"" & Cad'' by an [ex] press which the
Gov' sent to Albany I have no liberty to write News.
Things I think will go well & in a different manner from
what they have hitherto don. I truely pity you in the
state [you] have been but affairs are at this Instant in
such a state that it is impossible for me to leave the
place It shall be my endeavour to make every thing
as agreable to you as in my Power Pray take care of
your self as the most agreable thing you can do to
me The boat man L[e]wis calls for the letters & I
must conclude with [m]y Love to all them you know
I love
Your most affectionate
Cadwallader Colden
Declaration of Trust for Deed of Land on John Street,
New York City, 174?
[Document signed]
This Indenture made the nineteenth day of Septem-
ber in the twenty first year of his Majesties Reign Annoq
Domini one thousand Seven hundred and forty Seven
Between the Reverend Ebenezer Pemberton & James
Alexander of the one part and Abraham Van Der Heul
and Nicholas Van Der Heul of the other part Whereas
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 349
the Said Abraham Vander Heul and Nicholas Vander
Heul by a Certain Bond or Obligation bearing Even Date
with these presents Do Stand jointly and Severally
Bound unto Wilham Brown Esq' of Salem in the Sum of
one hundred pounds Conditioned for the payment of
fifty pounds Current Money of New York as by the Said
Bond may appear And Whereas the Said Abraham and
Nicholas by Indenture under their hands and Seals bear-
ing also Even date with these presents for the Considera-
tion therein Mentioned Did Grant Bargain and Sell unto
the Said Ebenezer and James in Fee Simple All that Cer-
tain Lott or Toft of Ground Scituate lying and being in
the City of New York in the Street Commonly Called
and known by the name of John Street Containing in
breadth in front and Rear twenty five feet and in length
on both sides One Hundred feet all English Measure
bounded South by John Street aforesaid East by the
Ground late of Thomas Sanders now of the Minister
Elders and Decons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church of the City of New York aforesaid North By a
Narrow Lane now the Ground of the Said Minister
Elders and Deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church of the City of New York aforesaid West by the
Ground late of Jan Harperding Deceased and now of
William White (which Lott of Ground was purchased by
the Said Johannes of Martin Clock and his wife by Deed
Dated the Second day of November one thousand Seven
hundred and twenty Six and Recorded in the Town
Clerks office in Lib: N°. 33, page 173, and of which the
said Johannes Died Seized) with all the appurtenances
privilidges and profitts thereunto belonging as by the
Said Deed relation being thereunto had more fully may
appear Now this Indenture Witnesseth and it Is hereby
declared to be the true Intent and meaning of the parties
to these presents that If the said Abraham Vander Heul
and Nicholas Vander Heul or Either of them Shall well
and truely pay the Said Sum of fifty pounds the Sum
mentioned in the Condition of the Said Bond With In-
terest from the Date thereof to the Said William Brown
350 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
within one year from the Date hereof that then the Said
Bond and Indenture are to be altogether Void and of
none Effect, But in case the Said Abraham Van der Heul
and Nicholas Vander Heul should not pay the Said fifty
pounds as aforesaid with Interest as aforesaid then the
true Intent and Meaning of the parties to these presents
is hereby declared to be as follows to witt that the Said
Ebenezer Pemberton and James Alexander or the Sur-
vivor of them his heirs or assigns may then Sell all or any
part of the premises Granted by the said Indenture from
the said Abraham Vander Heul and Nicholas Vander
Heul upon Giving Notice thereof three Months Before
the Sale either by advertisements to be printed for that
purpose in the New York Weekly Journal or by fixing up
written advertisements of Such Sale in two or three of
the most publick places of in the City of New York.
And it is hereby agreed that the Moneys arising from
Such Sale Shall be applyed as follows viz* first to the
Disbursment of the Charges of Such Sale and in the
Next place to the payment of the Said Bond to the Said
William Brown with the Interest that Shall be due there-
on and the Remainder (if any be) after paying the
Charge of Sale and the Moneys that Shall be due by the
Said Bond to be paid to the Said Abraham Vander Heul
and Nicholas Vander Heul their heirs Executors or ad-
ministrators and the Said Ebenezer and James for them-
selves and their heirs Do Covenant Grant and Agree to
and with the said Abraham, and Nicholas their heirs
Executors Administrators and Assigns that they will well
and truely pay all Such Sum or Sums of Money as Shall
come to their hands by Sale of the premises aforesaid in
Manner and form as above is declared and in Case any
part of the premises Should remain unsold after paying
the Charge of aforesaid and the moneys to Grow due by
the Said Bond, that then the Said Ebenezer and James
or the Survivor of them his heirs and assigns will Re-
convey Such remaining part to the Said Abraham Vander
Heul and Nicholas Vander Heul their Heirs and Assigns
as fully and absolutely as the Same was Conveyed to
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 351
them by the Indenture aforesaid from the Said Abraham
Vander Heul and Nicholas Vander Heul
In witness whereof the parties to these presents have
Interchangeably Sett their hands and Seals the day and
year first above written
Sealed and Delivered Abraham Van der Heul
In the Presence of Nicholas Van Der Heu[l]
the word(is)&(that) being-
inter Lined
Jn" Lewis
Gilbert Van Dursen
[Endorsed by James Alexander:]
Declaration of the trust of Vanderheuls deed
N" 22
paid May 20"^ 1748
From Mrs. Peter De Lancey
Feb'' 10 1747/8
D^ S--
I was truly concerned at the uneasyness I was the
occasion of giving you & was uneasy that you had no
other then a verbal account about me by the express
M"" De Lancey order'd the express he sent to toun for his
friends to desire M*" Nicols to send one to you but was
in so great afiQiction himself that he could not have wrote
I believe for any consideration I have had the satis-
faction by this affliction to be convinc'd of the most ten-
der affection that could be shown from Husband to
Wife I believe never was Man in greater trouble then
my dear M"" De Lancey while he thought me in dan-
ger every one who saw him was mov'd & indeed he
would have mov'd a heart of Stone I never saw any
ones countenance alter'd so in my life the tenderness he
has shown for me will make me double my endeavours
352 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
to please & make him happy and I should be most un-
grateful not to do so The Children are now all through
the Measels they have all had them pretty favour-
able except James but he is now very well again. Peter
has had a bad fever since he had them but I believe it is
owing to worms having voided some, he is better to day.
a good many of the blacks have had it all the Wenches
were down together but some of them have got about
again I shall be heartily glad when we have got over
the trouble of it. I have recover'd myself faster then
I thought I could have done after being so weak I
feel perfectly well & have got a fine Stomach
Your last favour sir of Jan'''' 10*" came to M"" De
Lancey while I was ill I was sorry it happen'd so be-
cause of the mistake you was under by the last para-
graph, you had misunderstood what I said by thinking
any Stranger ever took the liberty of speaking in that
manner you mention it never has happen'd which
made M'' De Lancey wonder at what you wrote. I blame
my self for writting any thing at all as I did because
for want of explaining my self as I could not well do I
have occasion'd a mistake which should not have been.
I write this to go by my Brother if I have an oppertunity
of seeing him or sending it to him before he is gone &
shall write to my Sisters if I have time which I have
very little to spare at present Please to offer my most
indear'd duty to my Mother & my tenderest affec*""^ to
all my Brothers & Sisters M' De Lancey offers his
regards & the Children their duty I am D' S'
Your most dutyfuU
& obedient Daughter
Eliz: De Lancey
[Addressed:] To Cadwallader Colden Esq'
att Coldenghame
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 353
From Peter Collinson
LoND. June 20, 1748
My Dear fr''
The Bearer IVP Kalm is a Sweedish Gent" and very
knowing in all branches of Natural History and is come
by the Means of our fr*^ Doc"" Linnaeus and the Academy
To make observations on y"" Country I doubt not but
He'l very acceptable to you He is a very Worthy Man
& will Deserve y"* Friendship
I am much
P. Collinson
[Addressed:] For Cadwallader Colden Esq'
At Coldenham
New York
Draft of a Proposed Letter from Governor George
Clinton to Henry Pelham, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, August 16, 1748
[Unsigned and undated draft, in Colden's handwriting]
To M' Pelham
Never made use of
I make no doubt you have heard of the DiflBculties
I have had to strugle with from an insolent Faction in
this Province rais'd & headed by J D C J^ of this
1 James DeLancey, Chief Justice.
354 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
Province with a view to asperse my administration & to
make me uneasy & thereby wilUng to quit it in order to
his succeeding to it by the Interest which S"" Peter Waren
his Brother in law makes for that purpose of which I have
at this time more particularly informed the D of
B ^ It would have been Impossible for me to have
supported myself under all the difficulties which were
artfully & industriously laid in the way of my adminis-
tration if Cadwallader Golden President of the Council
had not given me his assistance in opposition to that
violent Faction.
In doing this he has given a long attendance in this
town at a distance from his family which lives in the
Country & without the least allowance from the King
or Colony for his Services I must earnestly recom-
mend his services to you For as it is really unjust
to expect any person to give up his private affairs to
serve the publick at his private expence so it will give
such a discouragem* to others that none will after this
expose themselves to the resentment of a maUcious fac-
tion as he has don if he should be neglected after hav-
ing so signally distinguished himself in supporting his
Majesty's prerogative in the Character of his Governor
This Faction by cunningly laying hold of the
necessities which the War & other incidents brought upon
the Administration have by the Method which the As-
sembly at this time grant money for the support of Gov-
ernment put it out of the Power of a Governor to reward
any Services while they can liberally reward all those
who serve their purposes even out of the Money granted
for support of Gov* of which likewise I have more par-
ticularly inform'd the D of B
I am therefor under a necessity of applying to you to
assist me in giving incouragement to this Gent" & this
I can do the more freely since the Method which I shall
■•■ Clinton's letter to the Duke of Bedford, dated August 15, 1748, is
printed in O'Callaghan's Doc. Rel. to Col. Hist, of N. Y., VI, 428-432.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 355
propose I doubt not will appear just & reasonable & for
his Majesty's service tho this Gent'' had no past services
to plead in his favour He has been about twenty eight
years Surveyor Gen^ of his Majesty's lands in this prov-
ince and as the Boundaries of all lands to be granted &
the ascertaining of the Quantity or number of Acres con-
tain'd therein & the Quitrent to be paid upon the grant
entirely depends on his office you will easily perceive that
it is an office of considerable trust When he first had
this office there was a Sallary annexed to it & paid out
of the Quitrents but as that Sallary had been affixed only
by the Gov"" of this Province without Warrant from the
Treasury it was represented as an incroachment on the
rights of the Treasury & was taken away by order from
the Treasury But M" Golden tells me that the Treas-
ury was put upon this by an Artifice of some considerable
persons in this Province who were offended with a Rep-
resentation of the State of the Lands & Quitrents which
he made to the Lords of Trade & Plantations about the
year 1725 & which if it had been attended to would have
open'd a method to increase his Majesty's Quitrents to
more than double of what they now are
I believe S"" you will think that it is not proper that
an officer of such trust should be put under the necessity
of taking the whole reward of his Services by fees from
those who receive grants of lands & who may be well
pleas'd that the office be not faithfully executed.
Now S"" for these reason's I earnestly recommend to
you that a Warrant issue from the Treasury to his
Majesty's Receiver Gen^ of this Province to pay a yearly
Sallary to Cadwallader Golden as Surveyor Gen^ of Lands
in the Province of New York & territories thereon de-
pending in America & to be paid out of his Majesty's
Quitrents of this Province. When you consider the trust
reposed in him by that office & his past services in it I
believe you will think one hundred pounds Sterline a
year a very moderate allowance
I must likewise desire that this Sallary be made to
commence on Lady day in the year 1746 as a recompence
356 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
to him for his attendance & assistance to me since that
time I make no doubt that if this Genf" shall find
himself incouraged & sufficiently protected against some
rich men in this Province who have an Interest in keep-
ing a true State of the Lands & Quitrents in this Province
from the knowledge of his Majesty's ministers & have
industriously hitherto kept them from such knowledge
that he will give you such Information as that the King
shall thereby be enabled to increase his Quitrents in this
Province to a degree far beyond what they are at present
even so far that they may be sufficient to support the
Civil list of this Gov* independently of an Assembly
This deserves the attention of his Majesty's Ministers at
this time while the Assembly so strenuously endeavours
to make the Gov"" & the whole administration of Gov* in
this Province dependent on them by the method they
now grant money for the support of Gov*
From Alexander Colden, eldest son of Cadwallader
Colden, to his brother, John Colden
Newburgh Oct^ 5. 1748
Dear Brother
Tho I have little or nothing to offer at this time yet
as I shall be very desirous of keeping up a constant Cores-
pondence by every opt'' therefore would not let slip this
without writting to you & I hope you will give me the
pleasure of hearing from you as often as you conveniently
can. I long very much for brother Cad"'^ return that we
may hear from him more particularly about Sister De
Lancey what we heard by Court gave us great satisfac-
tion my Mother is quite easy I spent Sunday
with her & left her well & chearful last Munday Sis-
ters Jane & Alsy came down with us one of them is
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 357
writting to you My wife & Children Join in best Af-
fections to you. I am D"" B""
Y" Most Affect'^
Al[exander Co]ld[en]
[Addressed : ] To M^ John Golden
at New York
From Mrs. Alexander Golden to her brother-in-law,
John Golden
Newburgh Oct^ 24^'' 1748
Dear Brother
Your favour by Conklin I had the pleasure to receive
the day after it was wrote but that by Tuttle I had not
the agreable pleasure to receive till last Satterday I
think my self greatly oblidged to you for your kind and
affec* ma[nne]r of writeing and for the concern you
expr[ess at my] being unwell I hope Dear Johnny
that aff[ection] has always Subsisted betwen us Since I
ha[d the] happyness of calling you Brother will not les-
son [b]ut Daily increase I wish I may ever be deserv-
ing of the affec* you are pleased to express for me it
gives me the greatest pleasure amaginable to find you are
often at my fathers and that you are pleased with there
Manner of behaveing to you I am perswaided your
kind oblidgeing temper must ingage the affections of
every one that knows you. I have not had the pleasure
of Seeing my mother or any of the family from Coldeng-
hame (except Sister Catty who is liveing with me) since
your B"" went away tho I heard they was all well yester-
day I expect my Mother will be here this eve-
ning Sister Catty and the Children are well I am
not so well this day as I have bin for some days Past
I hope D"" John you will give me the pleasure of hearing
from you as often you can conveniantly I assure I
shall write frealy to you whenever I have an opp*^ and
my Busness will permit Sister Catty intends to write
358 CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS
to you by this opp*^ Alice and Cad"" offer there duty
to you my head akes so that I can Scarcely see my
paper or tell what I am writing which oblidges me to
conclude with desireing you will be assured you have the
Most Sencear affection of
Dear B'
y Most affec* Sister
Eliz Colden ^
[Addressed : ] To M'" John Colden
at
New York
From William Shirley, Governor of Massachusetts
Boston, Nov' 7. 1748
Sir,
The Gov" will, I presume, shew you a letter, w'^'' will
fully answer what you desire in your last — as to a Reply,
what can that possibly be, in the way, you have pro-
ceeded in, but to inforce the prayer of your Memorial,
or Petition; and as to what you propose to me in the
other part of your letter, a moments reflection will serve
to show you y* it is unseasonable now, could not be de-
cisive, would be improper in every respect, and destroy
the End for w''^ you desire it. I am, Sir,
Your most Obedient Humble Servant
W. Shirley
D' Colden
From Alexander Colden to his brother, John Colden
Newburgh Nov' 18*^ 1748
Dear Brother
I have not heard a sylable from you since I left you,
but am in hopes by the return of Tutle I shall have that
1 Daughter of Richard Nicholls, and wife of Cadwallader Colden's
son, Alexander.
CADWALLADER GOLDEN PAPERS 359
Pleasure. We are all in health my wife Joins me in
sincere affection for you & I assure you my little ones
dont forget you. I have not seen any one from Coldeng-
ham since that day Brother David came down with the
letter I sent by Patrick McClaghry but hear'd by one that
passed brother Cad" yesterday they were all well. I
expect they will send letters down to day or tomorrow
to go by Court. If the weather will permit I propose to
go up with my wife & Children next Munday to spend
two or three days with my Mother. I must beg the
favour of your Dear B'" to put M" Ramsey in mind of
filling my 2 b'^ with oisters & sending by Court & that
you would also get my Coat from Galatian & send up
I hope its done for he has had time enough. I send
down bran for M""^ Vanguilder I forgot what q*^ they
desired, however I have filled all my bags & have desired
M"" Harison to let them have what rem^ after he has
suplied himself. I cannot send the meal M" Vanguilder
wanted but shall do it next week I would have sent it
now but Depend'd on makeing it owt of some wheat
Denton was to bring me which I knew to be very good
& he has disapointed me & I have none now in the Mill
but Denton has promised I shall have the wheat next
week & he will take down the meal in the boat he has
bought I send two Ox hides which I have order'd
Jacob to deliver to Vanhook please to know from him
wether he has rec*^ them. I hope you will write to me
as often as you conveniently can & all the news. I am
in hopes from M"" Nicholls writting to me the Assembly
talk'd of soon being up it will not be long before we
have the plea[su]r[e] of seeing my father I have not
to add but my Earnest wishes for your health & wellfare
& to assure you I am D"" Brother
Y" Most Affect'^
Alex"" Colden
INDEX
INDEX
(A figure in parenthesis following tlie page number indicates how many times
the entry appears on that page.)
Abemethie, Dr., 121.
Adamson, Agnes, married Andrew
Ker, 50.
Admiralty, Lords of, 3.
Affleck, Mary, married James
Daes, 50.
Africa, 334; voyages to Guinea, 30,
41(3), 42-43, 48; Tunis, 11.
Agriculture : plague of worms, 294-
95; grassland, 301; care of mead-
ows, 340; garden seeds, 346;
wheat, 3, 359; rye, 30; Colden's
observations on growth of lu-
cerne or alfalfa, mentioned, x;
Colden's farm at Coldenham,
174, 248, 250, 253, 295, 307.
Albany, ship, 174, 175.
Albany, N. Y., letters written at,
165, 225, 256-57, 260, 263-64; In-
dian conferences at, ix, 165;
Golden at, 197, 198, 243, 246;
Indians baptized by minister of,
284; Gov. Clinton going to, 344;
express sent to, 348; mentioned,
207, 215, 278, 302.
Albany County, N. Y., 213-14, 216,
223; 258-59, 276.
Alexander, James, letters from, to
Golden, 194-96, 290-91 ; letter to,
from Golden, 211-13; on Council
committee, 167, 187; investor in
a mine, 198; Colden's fees paid
to, 267, 268, 269, 273; sufferings
of, from gout, 335; cured by tar
water, 335; declaration of trust
of, for land in New York City,
348-51 ; mentioned, 165, 186, 209,
241, 242, 298.
Alexander, Mrs. James, 345.
Allan, Rev. [James?], of Eye-
mouth, Scotland, 8.
Allen, Mr., 250.
Alsop, , 261.
Alsop, John, deputy - surveyor,
178(2) ; Colden's statement
about, 221 ; writ altered bv, 229-
30; license of, recalled, 230;
license of, renewed, 231; used as
tool by Harison, 230-31, 233, 237.
Alsop, Mrs. John, 229.
American Medical and Philosophic
cal Register, 331 note.
American Philosophical Society,
Philadelphia, 321.
Ancrum, Scotland, 27, 121(2).
Andrews, Rev. William, mission-
ary to Indians, 284.
Antigua, W. I., 57.
Antigua Coffee House, London, 1.
Apprentices, in Norway, 86; in
Scotland, 145.
Arie's Greek, N. Y., 246.
Armitt, John, of Philadelphia, let-
ter from, to Golden, 338-39; let-
ter from, to Mrs. Hill, 263; let-
ters to, from Golden, 302-5; Mrs.
Hill's financial affairs managed
by, 263, 302, 305, 338, 339; men-
tioned, 193, 286.
Armitt, Mrs. John, 305.
Armitt [Richard], father of John
Armitt, 305.
Armitt [Stephen], brother of John
Armitt, 305.
Ashfield, Richard, 186.
Ashley, Mr., of Hartford, Conn.,
301.
Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of
Rochester, 3.
Attorneys, licensed, 229, 230, 231;
oath of, 230.
Attorney-General, of N. Y., 168,
187, 235.
Auchinleck, Misses, 33, 45.
Auchinleck, Mrs., of Melrose,
Scotland, 33, 45.
Bagley, Timothy, 213-14.
Baird, Alexander, 158.
Baird's Patent [Orange Co.], 300.
Balmerino, Arthur, Lord, 154.
Banks, Sir Jacob, 31.
363
364
INDEX
Barbeiie, John, 167.
Barington, Luke, actions of, during
negro conspiracy, 288-89.
Bartow, Basil, school of, 347.
Bartram, John, 325.
Bass, , of N. J., deceased, 179,
180, 181, 182.
Baxter, Rev. William, of Scotland,
66.
Bayard, Peter (Jr.), death of, 297.
Beaver, ship, 68, 71, 90, 171, 174(2).
Bedford, Duke of, 354(2).
Beekman, , 221.
Beekman, Henry, land surveyed
for, 157-59.
Bell, Rev. Robert, of Scotland, 61.
Bell, Rev. Thomas, of Scotland,
64, 74, 112.
Bellomont, Lord, Gov. of N. Y.,
ix.
Bennett, William, Newburgh lot
leased by, 195, 196.
Berkeley, Dr. (George, author of
treatise on tar water, 325, 335.
Berwick (Barwick), England, let-
ters written at, 100, 142; letters
postmarked at, 2, 9, 12, 32, 41,
45, 56, 116, 142; letters sent via,
4, 41, 56, 67, 90, 106; post office
in, 67, 90, 116; taverns in, 41,
106; trade with, 85; mentioned,
51, 84, 88, 139, 152.
Bills of exchange, 11, 338, 339.
Blacksmith, 313.
Blagg, Edward, used as tool by
Harison, 230-31, 233-35, 237.
Bleeker, , lands of, 277.
Bloomingdale, N. Y. City, 296, 343.
Bobin, Isaac, Deputy Secretary,
178.
Boes (Bowis), George, 70.
Boes (Bowis), Rev. Robert, of
Scotland, 70.
Bonner, , 89.
Books, ordered for Golden, 96;
sent to Golden, 293, 298 ; ordered
by Golden, from Philadelphia,
305; left by Mrs. Hill, 305; Wm.
Burnet's private library, 193;
translated into Indian language,
284; on yellow fever, 328-330;
specific, mentioned by title, 26,
103-4, 105, 115, 305, 322, 336,
Golden's Five Indian Nations,
279 note, ix; Golden's scientific
works, 337, xi-xii.
Borland, Mrs. Rebecca, son of, 253.
Boston, Mass., letters written at.
190-95, 269-72, 358; anonymous
letter about negro plot received
from, 269-72, 272; ships to and
from, 76, 101, 107, 146, 154, 300;
post from, 272; express rider
from, 345; mentioned, 106, 250,
310.
Boston News-Letter, 270.
Botany. See Agriculture.
Bowden, Scotland, 77.
Bowen, William, 246.
Bowis (Boes), (^eorge, 70.
Bowis (Boes), Rev. Robert, of
Scotland, 70.
Boysan, Ralf, of Norway, engaged
to Ann Ghrystie, 148.
Bradt, Arent, 257.
Bradt [Joachim], patent of, 215.
Breese, John, death of child of,
297.
Brevik (Brevieg), Norway, 84, 125,
139, 141, 148, 150.
Bridges, John, 175.
Bristol, England, 42, 43, 48(3), 326.
Broun, Andrew, 50.
Broun, Jean, married, 50.
Brown, , of Boston, 192.
Brown [James], surveyor, 260(3).
Brown, Thomas (son of William
and Mary Burnet Brown), 290.
Brown, William, of Salem, Mass.,
letters from Golden to, 299-301,
312-13; children of, 290; con-
cerned in Gov. Burnet's lands,
291, 299-301, 312-13; declaration
of trust for land securing bond
to, 348-51.
Brown, Mrs. William (Mary Bur-
net), children of, 290; heiress ot
father's land, 290-91, 299-301;
mentioned, 299 note, 301.
Bruyn, Jacobus, of Newburgh, 198.
Bruyn, Jacobus, Jr., 194.
Bryant, Gapt., 290.
Buchanan, Rev. Thomas, of Scot-
land, 14.
Bunkle, Scotland, 65(2).
Burk, , 300, 301.
Burlington, N. J., 179, 180, 207.
Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salis-
bury, 26.
Burnet, Gilbert (Jr.), 290.
Burnet, Mary. See Brown, Mrs.
William.
Burnet, Thomas, Judge, 290(4).
Burnet, Thomas, son of Gov. Bur-
net, 299 note.
Burnet, William, Gov. of N. Y.
INDEX
365
and of Mass., Golden liked by,
57, 65, 82, 107; Essay on Scrip-
ture-prophecy by, 105; inter-
ested in Indians, 105; goodness
of, 107, 109; political changes
under, 118, 120-21; Colden's
Representation to, about land,
160-64; proposal of, to study
land grants, 167; letter from
Livingston possibly addressed
to, 175-77; warrant of survey
issued by, 177-78; certificate of,
about Josiah Queenby, 185-86;
library of, 193; children of, 290,
291, 299; grandchildren of, 290;
land of, 290, 291, 299, 300; execu-
tor of, 291. 299; mentioned as
governor, 65, 82, 166, 167, 168,
182.
Burnet, William, Jr. (son of Gov.
Wm. Burnet), 290, 299 7wte.
Burnet, Mrs. William (Mary Van
Home), 290 notes, 299 note.
Burt [Benjamin], of Ridgefield,
Gonn., 211.
Burtis, John, 313.
Butler, Capt., at Oswego, 341.
Butler, Gapt., 209-10; land of, 221.
Butler, Walter, land surveyed for,
219.
Butler's Purchase, 223, 224.
Byers (Byres), , brother of
Mrs. James Golden, 100.
Byers (Byres), Rev. George, father
of Mrs. James Golden, 96; at
baptism of grandson, 108.
Byers, Mrs. George, 108-9.
Byers (Byres), Rev. George, Jr.,
113.
Byers, Lilias. See Golden, Mrs.
James.
Gaesar, Gharles, a Jacobite, 31.
Galvert, Widow, of Philadelphia,
200.
Gambridge, England, 290.
Ganajoharie, N. Y., 245. 257.
Garlisle, England, 31, 153(2).
Garriages: chaise, 85; kittereen,
243, 244; carriage maker of
Philadelphia, 244.
Garrying Place, between Mohawk
River and Word Greek, 308-9.
Gatherwood, John, 348.
Gattle, on Golden's farm, 248, 253.
Gavers, Scotland, 61.
Ghalkeley, Thomas, of Philadel-
phia, deceased, 287.
Ghambers, Abraham Gaasbeck,
251.
Ghambers, Ephraim, Cyclopaedia,
on Universal Dictionary by, or-
dered by Golden, 305.
Ghambers, John, 291(3), 299.
Ghambers, William, land of, 158-
59.
Ghancery, Gourt of, in N. Y., 186,
235.
Gharles I, King of England, 236.
Gharles XII, King of Sweden, 49.
Gharles Stuart, the "Young Pre-
tender," 151-53.
Ghatto, William, of Scotland, 45.
Ghatto, Mrs. William (Jean Prin-
gle), 44-45.
Gheap, Patrick, 314, 338.
Gheese making, 347.
Gheshire, Mrs., of London, 30.
Gheshire, Bettie, fiancee of John
Ghrystie, 30, 43, 48, 49.
Ghimside, Scotland, 13; Presby-
tery of, 39, 74, 75, 78.
Ghristiana, Norway, 88, 94.
Ghristiansand, Norway, 148.
Ghristie. See Ghrystie.
Ghristmas, 343.
Ghrystie, Alice (dau. of David and
Alison Ghrystie). See Golden,
Mrs. Gadwallader.
Ghrystie, Alice (dau. of Rev.
James Ghrvstie), 114, 116, 130,
132, 135, 147.
Ghrystie, Alison (dau. of David
Ghrystie, Jr.), 86, 93.
Ghrystie, Alison (Hamilton). See
Ghrystie, Mrs. David.
Ghrystie, Ambor (dau. of David
Ghrystie, Jr.), 148.
Ghrystie, Andrew (son of Andrew
Ghr\'stie of Norway), 147.
Ghrystie, Andrew (son of Rev.
James Ghrystie), 128.
Ghrystie, Andrew, of Norway (son
of David Ghrystie and brother
of Mrs. Golden), letters from,
to Mr. and Mrs. Golden, 34, 84-
85, 146-49, 150-51 ; to go to Nor-
way, 19, 30, 34, 54, 75; in Nor-
way. 40, 43, 49, 84-85, 94, 125,
138-40; business of, 51, 54, 84,
85. 88. 93-94, 133, 139, 140, 147-
48, 149, 150; farm of, 140; visit-
ing Scotland and England, 70,
75, 84, 88, 93: unmarried, 85;
married, 130; illness of wife of,
134-35; second wife of, 140; chil-
366
INDEX
Chrystie, Andrew (cont.)
dren of, 133, 140, 147; men-
tioned, 9, 52, 86, 90, 141, 149.
Chrystie, Mrs. Andrew (Karen or
Cassie Larsen), 130, 133, 134-35.
Chrystie, Mrs. Andrew (May or
Marjorie), second wife of An-
drew Chrystie of Norway, 140,
147, 150.
Chrystie, Ann (daughter of David
Chrystie, Jr.), engaged to Ralf
Boysan, 148.
Chrystie, Cassie (daughter of Rev.
James Chrystie), 132, 135, 147.
Chrystie, Cassie (or Karen) (Lar-
sen), first wife of Andrew Chrys-
tie), 130, 133, 134-35.
Chrystie, Cassie (or Karen) (Vin-
ter). See Chrystie, Mrs. David,
Jr.
Chrystie, David (father of Mrs.
Colden), letters from, to his
daughter Alice (Mrs. Colden),
30-32, 48-50, 87-89, 134-36; let-
ters from, to his son-in-law, Cad-
wallader Colden, 42-45, 51-53, 69-
71 ; health of, 44, 49, 70, 122, 124,
130, 134, 135, 136; in debt, 15
note, 16, 55; governor of Heri-
ot's Hospital, Edinburgh, 51, 52,
54; too weak to continue as gov-
ernor, 136; witness at grandson's
baptism, 54; medical advice of,
91; at Simprin, 96; pleased at
birth of granddaughter, 108;
death of, 138; mentioned, 5, 9,
11, 13, 14, 19, 27, 32, 34, 38, 40,
53, 65(2), 76, 94, 96, 107, 117,
124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 133.
Chrystie Mrs. David (mother of
Mrs. Colden), letter from, to
her daughter Alice (Mrs. Col-
den), 33; health of, 31, 43, 49;
mentioned, 7, 8, 9, 11, 19, 27,
40, 43, 44, 50.
Chrystie, David (Jr.), letters from,
to his sister, Mrs. Colden, 32-33,
85-86, 125-27; letters from, to his
brother-in-law, Cadwallader Col-
den, 85-86, 125-27; business of,
7, 84, 85-86, 126, 133; debt paid
by, 15 note, 16; resemblance of,
to his sister, 19; in Norway, 19,
30, 34, 40, 42, 43, 49, 54,' 125;
to be married to Karen Vinter,
19, 30, 32, 34, 40-41, 43, 49; chil-
dren of, 51, 54, 68, 70, 86, 93,
126, 133, 135, 139, 148, 150; visit-
ing Scotland, 61, 68, 69, 70;
widow of, 139, 141 ; mentioned,
14, 27, 30(2), 34, 42, 88(2), 90,
93, 130.
Chrystie, Mrs. David (Jr.) (Karen
or Cassie Vinter), engaged, 19,
30, 32, 40-41, 43, 49; children of,
51, 54, 68, 70, 86, 93, 126, 133,
135, 139, 148, 150; visiting Scot-
land, 61, 68, 69, 70; a widow,
139, 141; business carried on by,
148; mentioned, 70, 130, 133, 150.
Chrystie, David (son of Andrew
Chrystie of Norway), 147, 150.
Chrystie, David (son of David
Chrystie, Jr.), 54, 86, 93, 126,
139.
Chrystie, David (son of Rev.
James Chrystie), birth of, 54, 56;
musical talent of, 75, 93; educa-
tion of, 130, 132, 149, 150; in
Noi-way, 139, 140, 147; in busi-
ness, 147, 148; letter from, to
Mr. and Mrs. Colden, 149-50;
mentioned, 55, 70, 93, 100, 116,
124, 148(2), 150.
Chrystie, Elizabeth (Mrs. Doug-
las), 53.
Chrystie, Gibbie (son of Rev.
James Chrystie), 130, 132.
Chrystie, Hans (son of David
Chrystie, Jr.), 51, 54, 86, 93, 126,
135, 148, 150.
Chrystie, Rev. James (son of Da-
vid Chrystie), letters from, to
his sister Alice (Mrs. Colden),
14-17, 53-56, 90-95, 128-31, 138-
42; letters from, to his brother-
in-law, Cadwallader Colden, 2-4,
7-9, 12-14, 37-41, 53-56, 114-16,
128-34; money borrowed by, 7,
12-13, 55; in need of money, 15
7iote, 16; called to be minister
at Simprin, 13, 14, 15, 27, 50;
called to Dunfermline, 14-16, 27,
38-40; to be ordained, 30; to
preach, 33; intercourse of, with
the Coldens in Scotland, 19, 27,
33, 61, 64-65, 68, 87, 109, 130;
health of, 91, 113, 133. 138, 139;
unmarried, 15, 16, 38; married
happiness of, 129, 133; children
of 51, 54, 55, 56, 70, 75, 84-85,
88, 90. 92-93, 100, 114, 116, 122,
124, 128, 130, 132, 135, 147; bond
owed to, by brother John, 48,
49, 55; revenue of. 55; at Sim-
prin, 84, 90, 94; at Morebattle,
INDEX
367
88, 90-91, 100, 113, 114, 115-16,
124; manse of, burned, 122-23;
new manse planned for, 124;
visit of, to Norway, 138-40;
death of, 142 ; mentioned, 30, 32,
42, 44, 50, 51, 61, 67, 69, 70, 78,
87, 100, 109-10, 117, 124, 135, 136.
Chrystie, Mrs. James (Sarah Lau-
rie), children of, 51, 54, 55, 56, 70,
75, 84-85, 88, 90, 92-93, 100, 114,
116, 122, 124, 128, 130, 132, 135,
147; health of, 88, 92, 113, 116,
130; Norway visit of, 138-40;
death of, 147; letter from, to
Mrs. Colclen, 56; mentioned, 68,
70, 94, 100, 109, 124, 129, 130,
134, 141.
Chrystie, James (son of David
Chrystie, Jr., of Norway), 86, 93,
126, 135.
Chrystie, John (son of David
Chrystie and brother of Mrs.
Colden), case of, before the Ad-
miralty), 3; on voyages to
Guinea, 30, 41, 42-43, 48; bound
for Virginia, 41, 43; fiancee of,
30, 43, 48, 49; death of, 48; es-
tate of, 48-49; bond owed by,
49, 55; mentioned, 14, 43.
Chrystie, Karen or Cassie (daugh-
ter of Rev. James Chrystie), 132.
135, 147.
Chrvstie, Karen (Larsen), first wife
of Andrew Chrystie, 130, 133,
134-35.
Chrystie, Karen (Vinter). See
Chrystie, Mrs. David (Jr.).
Chrvstie, Katherine (daughter of
Rev. James Chrystie), 88, 90,
92, 100, 116, 130, 132. 135, 147.
Chrystie, Maj. (child of Rev.
James Chrystie), 135.
Chrystie, Sarah (daughter of An-
drew Chrystie of Norway), 148.
Chrystie, Sarah (Laurie). See
Chrystie, Mrs. James.
Church of Scotland. See Scotland,
Church of.
Churches: Dutch, in Albany, 284;
Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church of N. Y., land owned
by, 349; Presbyterians, in Phila-
delphia, 40.
[Claessenl, Lawrence, Indian in-
terpreter, 279, 284.
Clark, George, letters from, to Col-
den. 220, 223-25, 245-46, 273-74.
277-78; letters from Colden to,
266-67, 272-73, 274-76; deputy-
auditor, 186, 187, 188, 189; mem-
ber of Council, 189; lieutenant-
governor of N. Y., 245, 255, 289;
petitions to, for land, 257; con-
cerned in land grants, 188-89,
220, 224-25, 248, 260, 267, 268,
272, 273; mentioned, 250, 255.
Clarke, Henry, 219.
Cleland, John, of Scotland, 64,
143, 298.
Chfton, , of Scotland. 91.
Clinton [Charles], 249, 250, 251.
Clinton, George, Gov. of N. Y.,
draft of a letter from, about
Colden, never sent, 353-56; draft
of letter from, in Colden's writ-
ing, mentioned, x; expected at
N. Y., 273, 274; problems facing,
274-76; Indians' application to,
for Lindesay, 342; going to Al-
bany, 344; express sent to Al-
bany by, 348; Colden's support
of, 354; wife and daughter of,
345, 346; mentioned, 298, 345.
Clinton, Mrs. George, 345, 346.
Clock, Martin, 349.
Clock, Mrs. Martin, 349.
Coates (Cotes), Mrs. Beulah, of
Philadelphia, 287.
Cobleskill, N. Y., 257.
Cockburn, , Bailie, of Scot-
land, 94.
Cockeril, Thomas, land surveyed
for, 213-14.
Coenraats, , 209.
Coke, Sir Edward, 236.
Colden, Rev. Alexander, of Scot-
land (father of Cadwallader
Colden), letters from, to his son
Cadwallader, 1-2, 9-12, 20-27, 57-
63, 64-67, 76-84, 107-13, 117-23;
letters from, to his daughter-in-
law, Alice (Chrvstie) Colden,
20-27, 57^3, 76-84; letter from,
to his sister-in-law, Mrs. Hill,
27-29; death of. feared, 17, 20,
22, 24, 28. 35; health of, 18. 22,
35. 40. 60, 62, 65, 74, 77, 78, 99,
101, 102(2). 107, 121, 123, 124,
130, 133, 136-37, 143, 242; Cad-
wallader Colden's first son
named for, 18, 21 ; grandson
baptized by, 102, 108; inter-
course of, with the Chrvsties, 19,
27, 32, 50, 122, 130; assisted in
ministrv bv his son James, 60,
72, 75, '77, 79, 121 ; offered min-
368
INDEX
Colden, Rev. Alexander (cont.)
istry at Crailing, 61 ; finances of,
103; age oi, 110, 122; death of,
140, 142-44, 146; funeral and es-
tate of, 144; monument to, 144,
145-46; mentioned, 3, 4, 7, 13,
17, 37, 46, 51, 63, 69, 71, 74,
75, 87, 94, 97, 98, 100, 105,
107, 129, 130, 134, 137, 172,
247.
Colden, Mrs. Alexander (Janet or
Jean Hughes), letters from, to
her son Cadwallader Colden, 17-
19, 35-37, 45-47; letters from, to
her daughter - in - law, Alice
(Chrystie) Colden, 19-20, 95-97;
letter of, misinterpreted, 9-10;
goods bought in London for,
10; fearful of husband's death,
17-18, 22, 28, 35, 122; kind-
ness of her sister, Mrs. Hill, to,
28, 35-36; stepfather of, 36, 47;
at baptism of grandson, 108-9;
health of, 40, 62, 65, 74, 79, 100,
102(2), 107, 122, 124, 130, 133;
silver spoons left by, 144; date
of death of, 146; mentioned, 1,
2, 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 21, 24, 28, 50,
61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 75, 83, 87, 94,
98, 99, 103, 107, 113, 122, 123, 129,
130, 172, 180, 182(3), 202.
Colden, Alexander (Sandy) (son
of Cadwallader Colden), birth
of, 13, 20; named for paternal
grandfafher, 18, 21; godfather
of, 338; kindness of his great-
aunt Mrs. Hill to, 20, 21-22, 28,
183, 206; education of, 68, 93,
113, 121, 201-2; books for, 96;
bequest to, 144; marriage of,
147; children of, 338; assisting
father, 205, 206, 243; surveying,
206, 257; in New York, 242, 244,
255, 256; at Newburgh, 252(2),
253, 272, 356; purchaser of land,
299, 301; mill built by, 306; at
Mrs. Hill's funeral, 304; note
written by, 261; letters from, to
Mrs. Hill, 206, 244; letters from,
to his brother John, 356-57, 358-
59; mentioned, 19, 20, 23(2), 24,
25, 26(3), 27, 29, 31, 33(3), 34,
37, 41, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 73, 83,
89(2), 141, 148, 174, 247, 253,
254, 261, 265, 290, 294, 297, 340,
345, 348.
Colden, Mrs. Alexander (Eliza-
beth Nicholls), marriage of, 147;
at Mrs. Hill's funeral, 304; let-
ter from, to her brother-in-law,
John Colden, 357-58; mentioned,
148, 293, 297, 357, 359.
Colden, Alexander (Sandie) (son
of Rev. James Colden, of Scot-
land), 102, 108-9, 123.
Colden, Alice (daughter of Alex-
ander and Elizabeth Colden),
358.
Colden, Alice (daughter of Cad-
wallader and Alice Colden),
birth of, 108, 114; visiting, 241,
242, 306, 345, 346; at Mrs. Hill's
funeral, 304; mentioned, 184,
262, 292, 293, 295, 296, 310, 347,
356.
Colden, Alice (Chrystie). See
Colden, Mrs. Cadwallader.
Colden, Cadwallader, letters writ-
ten by, to
James Alexander, 211-13;
John Armitt, 302-5;
William Brown, 299-301, 312-13;
George Clarke, 266-67, 272-73,
274-76;
Mrs. Cadwallader Colden, 165,
240-41, 249-56, 294-95, 305-7,
310, 344-46, 348;
John Colden, 340;
Edward Collins, 276-77;
Mrs. John Hill, 173-75, 197-99,
200, 204-5, 242-44, 247-49;
Daniel Horsmanden, 288-89;
John Livingston, 268-69;
Philip Livingston, Jr., 276-77;
Dr. John Mitchell, 328-38.
Colden, Cadwallader, letters to,
written bv
James Alexander, 194-96, 290-
91;
John Armitt, 338-39;
Rev. Henry Barclav, 279-85 ;
Andrew Chrystie, 84-85, 146-49,
150-51 ;
David Chrystie (father of Mrs.
Colden), 30-32, 42-45, 51-53,
69-71 ;
David Chrystie, Jr. (brother of
Mrs. Colden), 85-86, 125-27;
David ChrA'stie (son of Rev.
James Chrystie), 149-50;
Rev. James Chrystie, 2-4, 7-9,
12-17, 37-41, 53-56, 114-16, 128-
34;
George Clarke, 220, 223-25, 245-
46, 273-74, 277-78;
Rev. Alexander Colden (his
INDEX
369
father), 1-2, 9-12, 20-27, 57-63,
64-67, 76-84, 107-13, 117-23;
Mrs. Alexander Golden (his
mother), 17-20, 35-37, 45-47;
Rev. James Golden (his bi'other),
4-5, 63-64, 68, 71-76, 97-107,
136-37, 142-46, 151-54;
Edward Gollins, 222-23, 225;
Peter GoUinson, 353;
Gov. William Gosby, 203-4, 207,
215;
Peter De Lancey, 260-61;
Mrs. Peter De Lancey (hia
daughter Elizabeth), 264-66,
292-94, 296-97, 351-52;
Dr. William Douglass, 190-93;
Norman Hamilton, 124-25;
Mrs. John Hill (his aunt), 170-
73, 179, 180, 181, 182-84, 196-
97;
Richard Hill, 47;
Robert Hunter, 157;
John Lindesay, 260, 341-42;
Philip Livingston, 256-57, 263-
64;
Dr. John Mitchell, 314-28;
Frederick Morris, 209-11, 213,
215-16, 219, 221-22;
John Rutherfurd, 297-98;
Gov. W^illiam' Shirley, 358;
Philip Van Cortlandt, 225;
Charles Williams, 225;
Anonymous letter about negro
conspiracy, 270-72.
Golden, Gadwallader, in London,
England, 1, 5, 8, 10; business
of, with Lisbon, 2-3, 6, 11; form-
erly in Antigua, 57; on honey-
moon, 4, 6; married happiness
of, 10, 52, 57, 63, 66, 70, 74, 82,
97, 108, 129, 133; return of, to
Philadelphia, 10, 22; at Phila-
delphia, 17, 20, 28, 29, 31, 37;
family desirous for portrait of,
8; suit ordered by, from Lon-
don, 12; children bom to, 13,
20-21, 51, 69, 108; death of in-
fant son of, 48; illness in family
of, 21, 193, 222; kindness to, of
his aunt Mrs. Hill, 18, 20(2),
21-22, 24, 28, 183, 197-98; money
spent to educate, 103; parents'
desire for ministry for, 18, 24;
success of, as physician during
smallpox epidemic, 21 ; ad-
dressed as doctor of medicine,
17, 31, 41, 45, 47, 53, 56, 64, 68,
71, 76, 83, 89, 95, 99, 149, 151,
171, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,
193, 197, 287 ; profession of phy-
sician in Scotland suggested to,
31; intending to revisit Scotland,
37; invited to Scotland, 129-30,
132 ; appointed Sui-veyor-Gen-
eral of N. Y., 55; in Gov. Bur-
net's favor, 57, 82, 107; asked to
trace or help Scottish emigrants
to America, 27, 52, 53, 75-76, 83,
92, 106, 127, 132; warned about
Milne, 109-10, 114-15; Milne
aided by, 115, 125; home of, at
Goldengham, Orange Go., 131,
134, 138, 173, 181, 182, 185, 199,
202, 204, 304, 357, 359; happy in
country retreat, 117, 129, 173-74,
191, 337; negro slaves of, 174,
180, 183, 198, 200(2), 202, 205,
307; farm servants of, 253,
261; pleased over daughter
Elizabeth's marriage to Peter
De Lancey, 141 ; manager of
Mrs. Hill's financial affairs, 171,
172, 179, 180, 181 ; papers on In-
dian treaty by, mentioned, 105;
at Indian conference, 165; rec-
ord of Indian affairs at Oswego
sent to, 342; unprinted drafts
of his History of the Five In-
dian Nations mentioned, ix; un-
printed notes by, on Indians and
Indian conferences, mentioned,
ix; memorial of, as Surveyor-
General, about land grants in
Orange Go., 157-60; representa-
tion of, about lands in joint
tenancy, 160-64; researches of,
into land grants, 166, 167, 187;
record book of land grants be-
gun by, 167; ordered to map
land grants, 167; Evans' Patent
surveyed by, 168; desirous of
salary as Surveyor-General from
quitrents, 169-70, 355-56; sal-
ary from quitrents settled on,
then disallowed, 187, 355; advice
of, about large land grants, 186-
90; on Connecticut boundary
commission, 196, 197, 198; on
Rhode Island boundary commis-
sion, 265, 266, 267, 272, 274, 289;
commissioner for settlement of
Gonnecticut-Mohegan contro-
versy, 294 note, 295 ; lot at New-
burgh bought by, 195, 196; in-
terested in a storehouse and
wharf at Newburgh, 252, 253;
370
INDEX
Golden, Cadwallader {cont.)
interested in a mine, 199, 224;
owner of a saw mill, 200; land
in Mohawk country sold by, 198,
199; license to purchase land
taken out for, in another's name,
216; sharer in a land patent,
246; deed to, for land in pres-
ent Warren Co., N. Y., 258-59;
interested in land, 222-23, 246;
desirous of land for his daugh-
ters, 277, 278; warrant of survey
to, 177-78; warrants of survey
sent to, 209-11, 213, 223(2), 256-
57, 266; return of survey by,
213-14; returns of survey sent
by, 266, 268; asked to expedite
surveys, 215, 219, 222, 225, 226,
264; land surveyed by or under,
221-22, 245, 267, 268; assisted
by son Alexander, 205, 206; son
Cadwallader surveying for, 345;
deputy-surveyors under, 178, 210,
214, 215, 220, 223, 224, 268, 276-
77; error of, in calculating
equivalent lands, 212-13; length
of service of, as Surveyor-Gen-
eral, 355; at or to Albany, 197,
198, 243, 246, 344; busy, 248, 249,
310; in New Yo.rk City, 247,
249-56; books and newspapers
sent to, 293, 297, 298; at Mrs.
Hill's funeral, 304; anonymous
letter to, about negro plot in
N. ¥., 270-72; disapproval by,
of Assembly's criticism of bill
before Parliament, 310-12; au-
thor of paper on yellow fever,
315, 330-31; influence of, with
N. Y. magistrates to improve
sanitary conditions, 331 ; inter-
ested in j'ellow fever, 314-15,
321, 328-29; departure of, from
early belief in mechanic system
as explaining animal oeconomy,
334 ; discoverer of first principles
of action in matter, 336-37; to
print explanation of principles,
relating to gravitation, 337; edi-
tions of printed scientific books
by, xi-xii; draft by, of letter
that was never sent, urging sal-
ary for, 353-56; a supporter of
Gov. Clinton's administration,
354; mentioned, 6, 19, 20, 27,
28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 50. 87, 89, 90,
93, 94. 96, 127. 128. 134, 135, 176,
185, 193, 200, 202, 206, 241, 245,
342, 343, 346, 359; heirs of manu-
scripts of, x; printed papers of
viii; calendar of unprinted
papers of, ix-x, xii.
Golden, Mrs. Cadwallader (Alice
Chrystie), letter written by, to
Mrs. John Hill, 200-202;
letters to, written by
Andrew Chrystie, 34, 84-85,
146-49, 150-51 ;
David Chrystie (her father), 48-
50, 87-89, 134-36;
David Chrystie (her brother),
32-33, 85-86, 125-27;
Mrs. David Chrystie (her
mother), 33;
Rev. James Chrvstie, 12-17, 53-
56, 90-95, 128-31, 138-42;
Mrs. James Chrystie, 56;
Rev. Alexander Golden (her
husband's father), 20-27, 57-
63, 64-67, 76-84;
Mrs. Alexander Golden (her
husband's mother), 17-20, 95-
97;
Cadwallader Golden (her hus-
band), 165, 240-41, 249-56, 294-
95, 305-7, 310, 344-46, 348;
Jane Golden, 241;
Mrs. Peter De Lancey (her
daughter Elizabeth), 342-44,
346-47;
Ann Goudie, 6;
Margaret Goudie, 5-6;
Mrs. Caleb Heathcote, 184-85;
Mrs. John Hill, 244-45;
William Markham, 261-62;
Rev. Matthew Wood, 127-28;
Golden, Mrs. Cadwallader (Alice
Chrystie), on honeymoon, 4,
5-6; in London, 6; family de-
sirous of portrait of, 8; fondness
for, 10, 13-14; trousseau of, paid
for, 15 note, 16; married happi-
ness of, 52, 57, 63, 66, 70, 74, 82,
109, 127, 129; children born to,
13, 19, 20-21, 35, 36, 38, 44, 51,
69, 93, 108. 114, 135, 171; death
of infant son of, 48; advised by
her mother-in-law, 19-20; Mrs.
Hill's kindness to, 28, 71; in
Philadelphia, 28; desirous of
visiting Scotland, 44, 52; invited
to Scotland, 129-30, 131-32; in
New York City, 165, 240-41, 242;
managing the Goldenham farm,
250, 253. 254. 295. 307; at Mrs.
Hill's funeral. 304; slaves of,
INDEX
371
183; Mrs. De Lancey's desire to
name daughter for, 292; health
of, 45-46, 165, 196-97, 198; men-
tioned, 3. 7, 8, 9, 18, 21, 27, 29,
31, 40, 42(2), 43, 44, 45, 46, 51,
64, 68, 70, 75, 83, 93, 98, 99, 101,
107, 109, 113, 123, 124, 125, 132,
134, 141, 154, 157, 172, 173, 174,
175, 180, 183, 184, 199, 200, 205,
223, 243, 247, 248, 249, 257, 260,
264, 265, 292, 296, 298, 301, 338,
352, 356, 357, 359.
Golden, Cadwallader (son of Alex-
ander and Elizabeth Golden),
358.
Golden, Gadwallader (son of Cad-
wallader and Alice Golden), birth
of, 69; illness of, 117, 240; land
for, 260; travelling, 302; to visit
Philadelphia, 303; at Mrs. Hill's
funeral, 304; to survey lot, 345;
mentioned, 93, 241, 250, 295(2),
306, 310, 340, 348, 356, 359.
Golden, Gadwallader (son of Rev.
James Golden), 144, 145.
Golden, David (son of Gadwal-
lader and Alice Golden), died in
infancy, 48.
Golden, David (son of Gadwal-
lader and Alice Golden), birth,
135; at Mrs. Hill's funeral, 304;
studying, 340; his father's sec-
retarj^, vii, ix; inheritor of Gol-
den's manuscripts, vii; descend-
ants of, vii; mentioned, 295, 307,
359.
Golden, David Gadwallader, vii.
Golden, Mrs. David Gadwallader
(Frances Wilkes), vii.
Golden, Elizabeth (daughter of
Gadwallader and Alice Golden).
See De Lancey, Mrs. Peter.
Golden, George (son of Rev.
James Golden), 145.
Golden, Rev. James, of Scotland,
letters from, to his brother Gad-
wallader, 4-5. 63-64. 68, 71-76,
97-107, 136-37, 142-46, 151-54; in
Edinburgh, 4, 11, 22, 28; study-
ing for the ministry, 22, 24; a
licensed minister, 63-64, 65; as-
sisting his father at Oxnam. 60,
65, 72. 75, 77. 79, 121; minister
at Whitsome. 74-75, 78-79, 87,
90, 108, 109, 122. 136, 151 ; inter-
course of, with the Ghrvsties, 50,
68, 123; satisfied with lot, 72-73,
103; unmarried, 74, 94; marriage
of, 96; married happiness of, 97,
100, 102, 109; children of, 102,
108-9, 123, 137, 145, 154; in
debt, 103, 122; health of, 11, 24,
28, 65, 75, 78, 79, 98-99, 133, 144,
145; books read by, 103-4, 105;
father's estate administered by,
144; mentioned, 2, 10, 13, 37,
48, 61, 67, 77, S3, 87, 94, 108,
109, 123, 140, 248, 297, 339.
Golden, James (son of Rev. James
Golden), death of, 145.
Golden, Mrs. James (Lilias By-
ers), marriage of, 96; praised,
97, 100; children of, 102, 108-9,
123, 137, 145, 154; relations of,
with mother-in-law, 122; illness
of, 145; mentioned, 99, 101, 106,
146.
Golden, Jane (daughter of Gad-
wallader and Alice Golden),
birth of, 171 ; visiting her sister,
Mrs. De Lancey, 293, 294, 296,
297, 346; entertained in New
York, 345; at Mrs. Hill's funeral,
304; letter from, to her mother,
241; mentioned, 205, 241, 262,
306, 307, 310, 347, 356.
Golden, John (son of Gadwallader
and Alice Golden), birth of, 128;
Mrs. Hill's bequest to, 197; at
Mrs. Hill's funeral, 304; visiting
his sister, Mrs. De Lancey, 306;
managing Goldenham farm,
340; letters from his brother
Alexander to, 356, 358-59; let-
ter from Mrs. Alexander Golden
to, 357-58; letter from his father
to 340; mentioned, 202, 295,
306(2), 345.
Golden, Katherine (daughter of
Gadwallader and Alice Golden),
teething. 202; at Mrs. Hill's
funeral, 304; living with brother
at Newburgh, 357; mentioned,
307, 347, 357-58.
Golden, Rev. Robert (father of
Rev. Alexander Golden), men-
tioned, 17.
Golden, Robert, Jr., of Ireland,
brother of Rev. Alexander Gol-
den, 137; son of, 137.
Golden, Sarah (infant daughter of
Gadwallader and Alice Golden),
128, 184.
Goldenham, Orange Go., N. Y.,
Golden's home and farm at, 131,
134, 138, 181, 182, 185, 357, 359;
372
INDEX
Coldenham, N. Y. (cont.)
Golden building house at, 173,
182; Colden's house at, enlarged,
199, 202, 204; stone for hearth
at, 244; Colden's satisfaction
with country retirement at, 117,
129, 173-74, 191, 337; Golden
family burial plot at, 304; cattle
and horses on Colden's farm at,
174, 248, 253; farm at, progress-
ing, 250; farm at, managed by
Mrs. Golden, 250-253, 254, 295,
307; farm at, managed by John
Golden, 340; Irish settlers near,
288-89; Quakers near, 304; Mr.
and Mrs. Golden addressed at,
144, 196, 245, 251, 254, 256, 262,
264, 278, 291, 310, 340, 345, 347,
352. 353; letters written in, 197-
99, 200-202, 204-206, 211-13, 240-
44, 248-49, 266-69, 288-89, 302-
305, 310-13, 328-38; mentioned,
197, 277.
Gollett, John, of London, 148, 150.
Collins, Edward, letters from, to
Golden, 222-23, 225; deputy-
sun^eyor, 210, 220, 223, 224; re-
vocation of deputation to, as
surveyor, 276-77; land of, 216,
225; mentioned, 226, 277, 278.
Collins, Mrs. Edward, 223.
Gollinson, Peter, letter from, to
Golden, introducing Kalm, 353.
Conklin, , 357.
Connecticut, Golden working on
boundary of, 196, 197, 198;
Equivalent land between N. Y.
and, 211-13; commission to settle
dispute between Indians and,
294 note, 295; settlers from, 301.
Conspiracy. See negro conspiracy.
Cook, Dr. Elisha, 192.
Cope, General Sir John, 152.
Copenhagen, Denmark. 148.
Gordry (Gordorroy), Deborah, of
Philadelphia, deceased, 287.
Cork, Ireland, 149.
Cornburv, Lord, Gov. of N. Y.,
168, 188.
Gorte (Court), boatman, 310, 340,
356, 359.
Coryarak, hill of, Scotland, 152.
Cosby, Henrs', land of, 221-22.
Cosby, William, Gov. of N. Y.,
letters from, to Golden, 203-4,
207, 215; arrival of, expected,
200; interested in lands. 203-4;
interested in a mine, 224; land
of children of, 222; draft of me-
morial to, on N. Y. land grants,
mentioned, x; Golden ordered
by, to expedite surveys, 215;
poem on burning of broadsides
inimical to, 217-19; asked to re-
move Harison, 227-28; attorney's
license issued by, 229-231, and
recalled, 230; address to, fraudu-
lently obtained, 233; imprison-
ment by order of, 234, 237 ; death
of, 242 ; mentioned, 210, 216, 221,
234.
Cosby, William, Sheriff of Perth
Amboy, land of, 213-14.
Cosby, William, Jr., land of, 221-
22.
Cotes (Goates), Mrs. Beulah, of
Philadelphia, 287.
Council. See New York (Prov-
ince) Council.
Court (Gorte), boatman, 310, 340,
356, 359.
Court, Admiralty, 3.
Com'ts, of N. Y., attorneys licensed
to practice in, 229, 230, 231;
Chancery, 186, 235; Supreme
Court, 195, 229, 230, 231 ; county,
229, 230, 231, 232. See also Law.
Craig, Rev. James, of Scotland, 50.
Crailing, Scotland, 61.
Cranny, , 294.
Cranston, Scotland, 64.
Cranstoun, Dr., 121.
Granstoun, Rev. John, 121.
Cranstoun, Thomas, 31.
Granstoun, William, Lord, 60-61,
64; death of, 122.
Granstoun, Lady, 61, 64.
Crawford, James, 221.
Crawford, Samuel, of Orange Co.,
249.
Cromarty, George, Earl of, 154.
Cross Pond, Westchester Co.,
N. Y., 212.
Crow, , 194.
Grvptogram, 15-16.
Culloden, Scotland, Battle of, 153.
Cumberland, William Augustus,
Duke of, 153-54,
Cuimingham, Mi-s., death of son
of, 297.
Cunningham, Rev. Robert, de-
ceased, 77.
Gunzierton, Scotland, 143.
Currency. See Money.
Guvper, Cornelius, survey for, 177-
78.
INDEX
373
Daes, James, 50, 109, 184.
Daes, Mrs. James (Mary Affleck),
50.
Dalrymple, Sir David, 75.
Dalrymple, Sir James, of Hailes,
75, 78(3).
Dancing: Indian, 282; lessons, 201.
Davidson, , of Scotland, 15
note, 16.
Davidson, Mrs., of Kelso, Scotland,
124.
Davis, David, 221.
Davison, , Bailie, deceased, 17.
Davison, Rev. John, of Scotland,
122.
Declaration of trust, for land se-
curing a bond, 348-51 ; for land
bought for others, 216; deed of
trust, mentioned, 257.
Deed for land, 258-59.
De Foreest, Johannes, 257.
De Lancey, Alice (daughter of
Peter and Elizabeth De Lan-
cey), 343.
De Lancey, Ann or Nancy (daugh-
ter of Peter and Elizabeth De
Lancey), 292, 306, 343.
De Lancey, Ann (Van Cortlandt),
292.
De Lancey, Elizabeth (Golden).
See De Lancey, Mrs. Peter.
De Lancey, James, Chief Justice,
broadsides ordered burned by,
217 note; attorney's case sub-
mitted to, 229-30; prisoner be-
fore, 234-35; petitioner for land,
246; on Rhode Island boundary
commission, 266, 274; opposi-
tion of, to Gov. Clinton, 353-54;
mentioned, 223, 224, 273.
De Lancey, Mrs. James, health of,
344.
De Lancey, James (son of Peter
and Elizabeth De Lancey), 352.
De Lancey, John, 297.
De Lancey, John (son of Peter
and Elizabeth De Lancey), 306,
343.
De Lancev, Peter, marriage of, to
Elizabeth Golden. 140-41; wor-
ried over wife's illness, 351-52;
children of, 292, 306, 343, 352;
letter from, to Golden, 260-61;
witness, 259; health of, 265;
negro of, accused of conspiracy,
265; brother Stephen's house
bought bv, 343; farm of, 295;
mills of, 293, 294; home of, in
Westchester Co., 265, 293, 295,
296-97, 306, 340, 342-44; men-
tioned, 263, 265, 266, 293, 294,
296-97, 304, 306, 343, 344, 346,
347, 352.
De Lancey, Mrs. Peter (Elizabeth
Golden), letters from, to her
father, Cadwallader Golden, 264-
66, 292-94, 296-97, 351-52; let-
ters from, to her mother, Mrs.
Golden, 342-44, 346-47; lettera
from, to her great-aunt, Mrs.
Hill, 199, 205-6; birth, 51; books
for, 96; gifts to, 183, 197(2), 199;
proficiency of, 121, 183(2) ; at
school in N. Y., 201-2; wardrobe
of, 201-2; marriage of, 140-41;
children of, 265, 292, 294, 297,
306, 343, 347, 352; visiting New
York City, 247, 250, 251, 253,
254, 255, 256, 344; visited by
Coldens, 293, 294, 296, 297, 306,
340, 346; witness, 259; illness of,
260-61, 351-52; at Mrs. Hill's
funeral, 304; mentioned, 52, 55,
93, 97, 148, 185, 205, 241, 248,
256, 262, 269(2), 272(2), 294, 344,
356.
De Lancey, Peter, Jr. (son of
Peter and Elizabeth De Lan-
cey), 343, 352.
De Lancey, Stephen (Senior), fam-
ily of, 266.
De Lancev, Mrs. Stephen (Ann
Van Cortlandt), 292.
De Lancey, Stephen (Jr.), house
of, bought by brother Peter, 343.
De Lancey, Stephen (son of Peter
and Elizabeth De Lancey), 265,
294, 297, 343, 347.
De Lancey, Stephen, 261.
De Lancey, Susannah. See War-
ren, (Lady) Susannah (De Lan-
cey).
De Lancey's Mills, 293, 294.
Delaware, unprinted papers relat-
ing to, mentioned, x-xi.
Delaware River, 163.
De La Warr, John West, Baron,
not to be governor of New
York, 250, 255.
Denmark, John, 221.
Denmark, language of, 149; Co-
penhagen in, 148.
Denton, , 359.
De Pevster, John, land for, 260,
263.
Derbyshire, England, 153.
374
INDEX
De Witt, , New Jersey land
bought by, 208.
Dewitt, John, 268.
Diseases, 43, 44, 48, 102, 121, 133,
138, 139, 319, 320; resulting from
heat, 184-85; ague, 91, 134, 138,
198; fevers, 117, 128, 135, 145,
154, 287, 303, 306, 327-28, 352;
gout, 220, 335; measles, 334, 352;
scarlet fever, 333, 334; scurvy,
335-36; small pox, 21, 31, 66,
130, 135, 197, 260-61, 262, 354;
throat plague, 278; yaws or pox,
322, 334-35;
yellow fever, symptoms and
cure of, 315-25, 332-33 ; epidemics
of, in New York City, 329-32;
means of preventing, 327, 331,
333; writers on, 326, 328, 330.
See also Medicines; Physicians.
Distillation, of rum from molasses,
191-92.
Doctors, See Diseases; Medicine;
Physicians.
Douglas, Thomas, of Leith, 53.
Douglas, Mrs. Thomas (Elizabeth
Chrystie), 53.
Douglass, Dr. William, letter from,
to Golden. 190-93.
Dublin, Ireland, 149.
Dubois, Dr. [Isaac], 293.
Dunbar, Jeremiah, charges of,
against Kennedy 261.
Dunbar, Scotland. 50. 66, 147, 152.
Dunfermline, Scotland, 14-15, 27,
38-40, 42; Presbytery of, 38-40,
42.
Dunlop, William, A Preface to the
Westminster Confession, 115;
Sermons by, 115.
Duns, Scotland, 31, 94.
Dutch Church at Albany, Indians
baptized by minister of, 284;
Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church in N. Y., land owned
bv, 349.
Dutchess Countv. N. Y., 289;
courts of, 229, 230, 231.
Duty, on English grain, 147.
East River, N. Y., imsanitary con-
ditions along, 329; Battery at
confluence of Hudson and, 330.
Eckford, Scotland, 62.
Edgar, Mr., 2.
Edgerston, Jedburgh, Scotland,
297.
Edinburgh, Scotland, letters writ-
ten in, 4-5, 51-53, 69-71, 87-89,
127-28, 134-36; Jacobite pris-
oners removed from, 31; new
minister at, 60; smallpox in,
135; taken by Prince Charles,
152-53; James Colden at, 4, 11,
22, 28; post-office in, 76-77, 107,
117; cemeteries in, 135; Heriot's
Hospital in, 51, 52, 54, 69, 70,
87, 134, 136; medical essays
published at, 321 ; mentioned, 16,
33, 40, 45, 54, 65, 110, 124, 133,
135, 136, 139, 140, 145(3).
Elizabeth Point, N. J., 208.
Elliot, Mr., of London, 1(2), 10(2),
22.
Ellison, Mr., 221, 346.
Elms, George, 253.
England. See Great Britain.
Epidemics, of small pox in Phila-
delphia, 21 ; of throat plague in
N. Y., 278; of yellow fever in
N. Y., 329-32. See also Diseases.
Equivalent Lands, or Oblong, 211-
213, 345.
Erskine, John, Earl of Mar, 8, 49.
Erskine, Rev. Ralph, of Scotland,
14, 15, 39(2).
Esopus, N. Y., 165.
Evans (Evens), Edward, of Phila-
delphia, 287.
Evans, John, Lt. Gov. of Pennsyl-
vania, commission from, men-
tioned, X.
Evans, Capt. John, 162, 163, 168.
Evans, Peter, of Philadelphia, 250,
256, 263.
Evans' Patent, 162, 163, 168, 210.
Exchange, of money, 170, 179,
302; bills of, 11, 338, 339.
Explication of the First Causes of
Action in Matter, Colden plan-
ning to print, 337; editions of,
xi.
Express riders, 345, 348, 351.
Eyemouth, Scotland, 8, 30(2).
Falconer, John, of London, 170-
71, 172, 174, 179.
Falkirk, Scotland, Battle of, 153.
Farm, Colden's. See Coldenham.
Fauconnier, Peter, 162-163, 220.
Felton, John. 213-14.
Ferniherst Castle, Jedburgh, Scot-
land, 26.
Fevers. See Diseases; Yellow
Fever.
Fife, Scotland, Synod of, 27, 38.
INDEX
375
Fishkill or Delaware River, 163.
Fitch, , 193.
Flag, French, not allowed near
Oswego, 341.
Flour, expensive in Pennsylvania,
172, 180, 181; cheap in West
Indies, 172; wheat, 3, 359; bran,
359; meal, 359.
Flour mills, 172, 359.
Fort, necessity of building, at the
Carrying Place [Rome], N. Y.,
308-9; necessity of safeguard-
ing Oswego, 307-9.
Fort George, New York City,
document signed in, 178; set on
fire by negroes, 265, 270.
Fort Hunter, N. Y., 246.
Forth, Firth of, Scotland, 153.
Foster, James, works of, ordered
by Golden, 305.
France, war between Great
Britain and, 147, 148, 150, 305,
307, 354; trade with, 55, 149;
privateers of, 149, 150; West
Indian island of, captured, 307;
necessity of defending Oswego
against, 307-8; a fort neces-
sary to guard against, 309; in-
terpreter of, near Oswego, 341;
flag of, not allowed near Os-
wego, 341; disease carried to,
326.
Franklin, Benjamin, 314, 322, 338;
newspaper published by, 331.
Freedom of speech, 227.
Freeman, Rev. Barnardus, 284.
Freeman, Thomas, land surveyed
for, 213-14.
French, John, 53.
French. See France.
Friends or Quakers, of Phila-
delphia, 286-87; of Orange Co.,
N. Y., 304. See also Armitt,
John; Hill, Mrs. John.
Fruit: lemons, 250; limes, 250,
346; trees, 300.
Fuglesang, , of Norway, 149.
Fur trade, draft of Colden's me-
morial on, mentioned, ix-x.
Galatian, , 240, 293, 310, 359.
Gallespy, , Colden's farm man-
ager.
Gansevoort, Leonard, 277.
Gardiner, James, 268.
Gatehouse, , 241.
General Assembly. See New York
(Province) General Assembly.
George I, King, 25, 31.
George II, King, 238, 289.
Germanna, Spotsylvania Co., Va.,
132.
Germans (Palatines), land granted
by Livingston for use of, 175-
77; lands purchased from, 215;
at Newburgh, 340; yellow fever
imported b^', 326.
Gibson, Dr. and Mrs., of Kelso,
Scotland, 7, 45.
Gladstone, Mr., of Kelso, Scot-
land, 9.
Glasgow, Scotland, 92, 147, 153.
Glen, , 224.
Glen, Jacob, 246, 257.
Glen, Rev. John, of Scotland, de-
ceased, 77.
Glen, Rev. John, Jr., of Scotland,
50.
Glencairn, Scotland, 50.
Gold, 302 ; cut gold, 170, 171 ; gold
dust, 92.
Gomez, David, 170(2).
Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y., rep-
resentative thanked by freehold-
ers of, 228, 230, 232-33, 235;
partisan address of thanks ob-
tained in, 233; Matthews' sup-
porters in, victimized, 235, 240;
mentioned, 253.
Gothenburg, Sweden, 51.
Goudie, Ann, letter from, to Mrs.
Golden, 6.
Goudie, Margaret, letter from, to
Mrs. Golden, 5-6.
Goudie, Mrs., 6.
Gouverneur, , 208.
Governors of New York. See un-
der New York (Province).
Grain, shipped from Scotland, 30;
duty on, 147; bought for Col-
den's stock, 174; wheat, 3, 359.
Grants of land. See Land grants.
Great Britain, trade of, with Nor-
way, 30, 49, 54. 84, 85, 88, 93-94,
126, 139, 147-49, 150; war of,
with France, 147, 148, 150, 305,
307, 354; duty on grain from,
147; embargo in, 34; civil wars
in, 236; personal liberty in, 236-
37; invaded by Jacobite forces
under Prince Charles, 153; yel-
low fever brought from, 326;
ships between America and, 5,
10, 43, 61, 63, 65, 66, 68, 76, 83,
92, 101, 107, 146, 154, 172, 203,
298, 339; Spanish privateer
378
INDEX
Great Britain (cant.)
taken by, 266; Lords of Trade
and Plantations of, 160 note,
168, 189-90, 200, 355; Lords of
the Treasury of, 187, 355 ; Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, 353;
N. Y. Assembly's disapproval of
a bill under discussion in Parlia-
ment of, 310-12; England men-
tioned, 170, 172, 242, 277, 310,
344, 345. See also Scotland.
Green, , of Boston, distiller,
192.
Greenlaw, Scotland, 92.
Greenwich [Village], on Manhat-
tan Island, letter written at,
261-62; free from smallpox, 262;
mentioned, 348.
Grieve, Patrick, of Scotland, 94.
Guadeloupe, W. I., 307.
Guerin, Mrs. Elizabeth, land of,
221-22.
Guerin, Maynard, land of, 221-
22.
Guinea, Africa, voyages to, 30,
41(b), 42-43, 48.
Gusthart, Rev. William, of Scot-
land, 11(2), 60.
Gvllenborg, Karl, Count de, 30-
31.
Hackensack River (David Dem-
arest's Creek), 178 7iote.
Hacket, Sir Peter, 14.
Haddington, Earl of, 61.
Hailes, Scotland, 75.
Haliburton, Mr., 6.
Hamilton, General, 8.
Hamilton, Alison. See Chrystie,
Mrs. David.
Hamilton, Norman, of London,
30, 34, 127; letter from, to
Golden, 124-25.
Hamilton, Mrs. Norman, 34, 124,
125.
Handvside, George, to wed Eliza-
beth Waldie, 9.
Haring, Cornelius, of Orange Co.,
N. Y., speech of Col. Matthews
in N. Y. Assembly complaining
of, 226-40 ; leave of absence from
Assembly refused to, 231; war-
rant for Matthews' arrest issued
by, 234, 237.
Harison, , 340, 359.
Harison, Francis, motion to re-
move, from offices of trust, 227-
28, 231, 232, 237; reputation of,
228 ; present at burning of Zeng-
er's Journal, 229; attorneys used
as tools by, 229-31, 233-35, 237;
enmity of, to Col. Matthews,
231-32, 237.
Harperding, Jan, 349.
Harrison, , 256.
Harrison, Edward, land of, 221-22.
Harrison, Mrs. Phyllis, land of,
221-22.
Harrison, Samuel, 183.
Hart, Rev. Walter, 65.
Hartford, Conn., 301.
Hasbrook, Abraham, 251.
Haskoll [John], 299.
Hawick, Scotland, 77.
Hawley, Henry, Lieut. General,
153.
Hazard, Nathaniel, 210.
Heath, Samuel, letter from, to
Mrs. Hill, 193-94; successor of,
as deputy-weighmaster, 194-95;
house of, to be sold, 195; re-
stored as deputy-weighmaster,
198; interested in land, 210;
mentioned, 184, 204, 209, 245.
Heathcote, Mrs. Caleb (Martha
Smith), letter from, to Mrs. Col-
den, 184-85; daughters of, 185.
Heathcote, Elizabeth, 185(2).
Heathcote, Mary, 185.
Henderson, Mrs., visiting America,
45.
Henderson, Mrs. (Nellie Hutchi-
son), 89; married Mr. Laurie,
133-34.
Henderson, James, land of, 260(4).
Heriot's Hospital, Edinburgh, let-
ters written at, 51-53, 69-71, 87-
89, 134-36; David Chrystie gov-
ernor of, 51, 52, 54; David
Chrystie no longer at, 136;
schoolmaster of, 70.
Heywood, , 251, 253.
Hicks, Isaac, 186.
Highlands of the Hudson, 223, 287.
Hilbon. Capt., 8.
Hill, Elizabeth. See Hill, Mrs.
John.
Hill, John, deceased husband of
Mrs. Elizabeth Hill, 21 ; calendar
of unprinted commissions and
warrants to, x
Hill, Mrs. John (Elizabeth, sister
of Golden 's mother), letters
from, to Cadwallader Golden.
170-72, 179. 180, 181. 182-84, 196-
97; letter from, to Mrs. Golden,
INDEX
377
244-45; letters to, from: John
Armitt, 263; Rev. Alexander
Golden, 27-29; Alexander Col-
den, 206, 244; Cadwallader Col-
den, 173-75, 197-99, 200, 204-5,
242-44, 247-49; Mrs. Cadwal-
lader Golden, 200-202; Elizabeth
Golden (De Lancey), 199, 205-6;
Samuel Heath, 193-94;
kindness of, to the Coldens, IS,
20, 21-22, 24, 28, 35-36, 67, 71, 96,
106, 109, 183, 197-98, 199; sister's
concern for, 28, 35-36; stepfather
of, 36; financial affairs of, 170-
72, 179, 180, 181, 182, 242-43,
245, 250, 263, 302, 305 ; books for,
96; imported goods ordered by,
172; former slave of, 183; house
of, in New York City, 201, 202,
245; living with Cadwallader
Golden, 65, 68, 71; invited to
live at Goldengham, 204, 205,
242-44, 248; dissatisfied at Col-
denham, 250, 254; health of,
201, 254, 256; illness of, 265, 303;
death and funeral of, 303-4; will
of, 197, 304-5; estate of, ad-
ministered, 338, 339; mentioned,
11, 12, 17, 20, 26(3), 27, 33, 34,
36, 41, 45, 46, 50, 61, 62, 64, 67,
68, 74, 75, 83, 85, 96, 99, 101, 107,
122, 130, 137, 195, 251, 253, 295.
Hill, Richard, of London, cousin
of Cadwallader Golden, 12; let-
ters sent in care of, 17, 22, 41,
44, 53, 56, 64; letter from, to
Golden, 47; letter from, received
by Golden, 173; Mrs. Hill
anxious to hear from, 172, 179,
180, 182.
Hines, , 338.
History of the Five Indian Na-
tions, by Golden, drafts of, men-
tioned, ix; source material for,
mentioned, ix; Barclay's letter
cited in, 279, ff.
Hoffman, Gapt., 255.
Hoffman, Hon. Ogden, vii-viii.
Hoffman, Mrs. Ogden (Virginia
Southard), xi.
Hoffman, Virginia Southard, viii.
Holland, 175.
Holme, Thomas, of Pennsylvania,
warrant issued by, mentioned, x.
Home, Dr., death of, in Boston,
106.
Home, Andrew, of Kelso, Scot-
land, 94.
Home, George, of Wedderburn,
78, 92, 132.
Home, George (Jr.), in Virginia
92, 132; married to Ann Jami-
son, 92, 132.
Home, John, of Newtown, 79.
Home, Ninian, in possession of
Wedderburn, 66, 78; patron of
Whitsome Church, Scotland,
74-75, 78.
Honan, Daniel, land of, to be sur-
veyed, 177-78.
Horses, on Golden's farm, 174, 253.
Horsmanden, Daniel, declaration
of trust of, of land for others,
216; letter from Golden to, re-
lating to negro conspiracy, 288-
89.
Howdon, Michael, patent of, to be
surveyed, 177-78.
Hudson River, land on, 196, 216,
299; east side of, more popular
with settlers, 301 ; Battery on
330; Highlands of, 223, 287
sloops on, 165, 306, 345, 346
mentioned, 224, 329.
Hughs, Janet. See Golden, Mrs.
Cadwallader.
Hughson, John, leader of negro
conspiracy, 265.
Hull, England, 88.
Hume. See Home.
Hunt, , Golden's deputy in
Weighhouse, 194-95, 196; Gol-
den's loss because of, 198.
Hunt, Obediah, bondsman for his
son, 194.
Hunter, Robert, Gov. of N. Y.,
estate in Scotland purchased by,
61 ; interested in natural history,
157; land for Palatines deeded
during administration of, 175-76 ;
letter to Golden from, 157.
Huske, John, Major-General, 153.
Hutcheson, , Dean, 70.
Hutcheson, , father of Mrs.
Thomson, 44.
Hutcheson, Janet (Jennie), mar-
ried Alexander Thomson, 40, 44.
Hutcheson (Hutchison), Nellie,
married Mr. Henderson, 89;
married Mr. Laurie, 133-34.
Hyde, Mrs., 277.
Indians, treaty with, 100, 105; con-
ferences with, 165; records of
early conferences with, men-
tioned, ix; land purchased from,
378
INDEX
Indians (cont.)
176, 216; words of, used for
boundaries, 161 ; possibility of
converting, 100-101, 105-6; mis-
sionaries to, 279 jf., 284; Rev.
Henry Barclay's letter about
character and customs of, 279-
85; possession of Oswego neces-
sary for English prestige among,
307-8; necessity of safeguarding
communication with, 309; yaws
or pox among, 322, 334-35;
Lindesay's prestige among, 341-
42; at Oswego, 342; interpreters,
279, 284, 341; language of, 283-
84; books translated into lan-
guage of, 284; war customs of,
280-81 ; marriage customs of,
281-82; funeral customs of, 282-
83; religion of, 283; school for,
285; drunkenness among, 285;
Colden's History of the Five
Indian Nations, ix, 279 note;
Caghnawaga (Canuaga), 341;
Five Nations, 309; Rev. Henry
Barclay's letter describing cus-
toms and language of Mohawks,
279-85; country of Mohawks,
165, 198, 199, 268; Mohegan, 294
note, 295; Oneida, 283; Schoeni-
die, 341; Seneca, 282; Western,
309.
Instructions, Royal, about land
grants, 158.
Insurance, on cargoes, 172.
Interpreters, Indian, 279, 284, 341.
Intoxication, among Indians, 285.
Inverness, Scotland, 152, 153.
Ireland, 40, 43, 48, 137, 147, 148,
150, 288; letter written in, 149-
50; settlers from, in Orange and
Ulster Co., N. Y., 288-89.
Isaacs, , of Philadelphia, 263.
Isle of Wight. 175.
Italy, 49-50, 288.
Jackson, Mrs., a Quakeress of
Orange Co., N. Y., 304.
Jackson, James, Judge, of Orange
Co., 232.
Jacobite uprising of 1715, 3-4, 8,
29, 30-31, 49-50.
Jacobite uprising of 1745, 151-54.
Jamaica, L. I., 313.
James Stuart, the "Old Pretender,"
8, 49-50.
Jamison, Ann, married to George
Home, 92, 132.
Jamison, Mary, married Charles
Potts, 50.
Jedburgh, Lady, 64.
Jedburgh, Lord, friend of the Col-
dens, 1(2), 26, 64.
Jedburgh, Scotland, 4, 11, 26, 77,
297 note; Presbyterie of, 60,
64.
Jenison (Jennison), Ralph, of
Northumberland, appointed gov-
ernor of N. Y., 137.
Jennings, Samuel, Receiver-Gen-
eral of Pennsylvania, x.
Jew, of N. Y., 202.
Johnson, Rev. Dr. Samuel, 335.
Johnston, , 341.
Johnstown, , of N. Y., 52.
Joint tenancy, Colden's represen-
tation about lands held in, 160-
64.
Jones, Dr., a Quaker of Orange
Co., N. Y., 304.
Jones, Joseph, 170.
Juries, Grand, 228, 232, 240.
Kackyacktaweke. See Kakiat.
Kakiat Patent, warrant of survey
^for, 177-78.
Kalm, Peter, Collinson's note in-
troducing, to Colden, 353.
Kast, Johan Jurgh, 214.
Kast, Mrs. Johan Jurgh, land of,
214.
Keith, George, Earl Marischal, 8.
Kellie, Mrs., of Edinburgh, 5.
Kelly, , of Philadelphia, 263.
Kelso, Scotland, letters written in,
5-9, 30-34, 42-45, 48-50; postal
service in, 11, 77; home of the
Chrysties, 27, 38, 41; Synod to
meet at, 78; Presbyterie of, 88,
91, 138; mentioned, 51, 87, 92,
94, 124.
Kennedy, Archibald, letters from
Colden to, 166-70, 186-90, 310-
12; Dunbar's charges against,
261 ; on Rhode Island boundary
commission, 274; mentioned,
194, 253, 298.
Ker, Andrew, of Crookedshaws,
50.
Ker, Mrs. Andrew (Agnes Adam-
son), 50.
Ker, Charles, 298.
Kevser, John, 208.
Kiersted, Mrs., 293.
Killiecrankie, Pass of, Scotland,
152.
INDEX
379
Kilmarnock, William, Earl of, 154.
Kinsale (Kingsail), Ireland, 43(2),
48, 149.
Kinsey, John, 179.
Kipping (Kippen), Walter, of
N. Y., 195.
Kittereen (a carriage), 243-44.
Knowles (iSir), Charles, Commo-
dore, 307.
Knowles, Frances, of Philadel-
phia, 249.
Kremmer, Johannes, 256.
La Hontan, Baron de. Voyages of,
322.
Laidlaw, , Bailie, 10.
Lancisi, Dr., 330.
Land grants, surveyed, 157-60, 221-
22, 225, 226, 260, 264, 266-68;
Royal Instructions about profit-
able and unprofitable acres in,
158; held in joint tenancy, 160-
64; abuses in large, 160-63, 166,
168 ; frauds in boundary changes,
161-62, 163; encroachments of
large patentees, 162-63, 168-69,
188-89, 299; possible revenue
from, 164, 166-67; studied by a
committee of Council, 167, 187;
record book of, begun, 167;
deeded by Livingston for the
palatines, 175-77; proposed act
to partition, 188-89; Colden's
proposals concerning large, 189-
90; taken out under substituted
names, 216, 268, 268-69; Colden's
interest in, 216, 246, 258-59; Gov.
Cosby's interest in, 203-4; de-
sired by Colden for his daugh-
ters, 277, 278; Gov. Burnet's
children concerned in, 290, 291,
299-301; Colden's representation
about, sent to Board of Trade,
355; in Orange Co., 157-60, 312-
13; certificates for, 215, 219, 221;
petitioned for, 257; draft of
memorial to Gov. Cosby about,
mentioned, x;
quitrents from, 160, 161, 163,
166, 167, 212, 246, 355; Surveyor-
General's salary from quitrents
of, 169-70, 187, 355-56; possi-
bility of supporting civil list
from quitrents of, 187, 356;
Chancery bills for collection of
quitrents from, 235;
patents and grants: Baird's
300; Bleecker & Co.'s, 277; But-
ler's Purchase, 223, 224; Chris-
tian's, 178; Cortlandt's, 212;
Duke of York's Grant, 209;
Equivalent lands (or Oblong),
211-13, 345; Evans', 162, 163,
168, 290; Kakiat, 177-78; Locker-
man's, 161; Minisink, 162, 220;
Oblong, 211-13, 345; Pennsyl-
vania, 209; Salisbury, 161, 186-
90; Schuyler's 225, 278; Schuyler
and Bratt's, 215; Wavvayanda,
162, 163. See also: Surveyor-
General; Surveys.
Lands End, England, 10.
Langton, Scotland, 122.
Lansing, Jacob, 257.
Lauder, Scotland, 50.
Laurie, , brother of Mrs.
Chrystie, married Nellie Hutch-
eson, 133.
Laurie, Rev. Gilbert, at baptism
of grandson, David Chrystie, 54.
Laurie, Mrs. Nellie (Hutcheson),
133-34.
Laurie, Sarah (daughter of Rev.
Gilbert Laurie). See Chrystie,
Mrs. James.
Law: writ for jury trial before the
Admiralty, 3; Colden's represen-
tation about lands held in joint
tenancy, 160-64; license for at-
torney, 229, 230, 231; writ al-
tered, 229-30; declarations of
trust, 216, 348-51 ; deed of trust,
mentioned, 257; warrant of ar-
rest, 234, 237; bail, 234; caveat,
223; distress, 235; subpoenas,
235; Grand Juries, 228, 232, 240;
vexatious law suits in Orange
Co., 229. See also Courts.
Lawrence [Claessen], Indian in-
terpreter, 279, 284.
Leith, Scotland, 53, 139.
Lemons, 250.
Levant, yellow fever from, 326.
Lewes, Sussex Co., Delaware, x.
Lewis, , boatman, 348.
Lewis, John, witness, 351.
License, for attorney, 229, 230, 231.
Limes, 250, 346.
Lindesay (Lyndesay), John, Sher-
iff of Albany, 223 ; petitioner for
land, 246; land surveyed for,
257; prestige of, with Indians at
Oswego, 341-42; letters from, to
Colden, 260, 341-42.
Linnaeus, Dr., 353.
Lisbon, Portugal, 2(3), 6, 11.
380
INDEX
Lithgow, , in Boston, or N. Y.,
106.
Lithgow [Hannah] widow, of
Philadelphia, 338-39.
Lithgow, Rev. [John], of Scotland,
106.
Liverpool, England, 84, 88.
Livingston, John (son of Philip
Livingston, 2nd Lord of the
Manor), letter from Golden to,
268-69; return of survey sent to,
266, 268, 272; Colden's fees
drawn on, 267, 269.
Livingston, Peter Van Brugh,
visiting his father's Manor, 268.
Livingston, Mrs. Peter Van Brugh,
268.
Livingston, Philip, 2nd Lord of
the Manor, letters from, to Col-
den, about land, 256-57, 263-64;
lands of, 257, 260, 266, 268;
promissoiy note of, 268; sons of,
215, 257, 264, 268, 277; payment
drawn on son of, 268, 269; on
Rhode Island boundary com-
mission, 274; mentioned, 260,
268, 269.
Livingston, Mrs. Philip, 257, 264.
Livingston, Philip (Jr.), letter
from Golden to, 277; deputy-
surveyor, 264, 268; mentioned,
257.
Livingston, Robert, 1st Lord of
the Manor, letter from, about
lands deeded for the Palatines,
175-77; damage to timber of,
175, 176; expenses of, in settling
the wilderness, 176.
Livingston, Robert (3rd Lord of
the Manor), security for fees,
215; visiting his father's Manor,
268.
Livingston, Mrs. Robert, 268.
Livingston Manor, 175-77, 264, 268.
Lockerman's Patent, 161.
Logan, Rev. George, of Scotland,
50, 66.
Logan, Sally, married Isaac Nor-
ris, 263.
London, England, Cadwallader
Golden in, 1, 2, 5, 6, 8; letters
written in, 2, 47, 124, 353; let-
ters to Golden sent vin, 10, 11,
12, 17, 22, 31, 41 44, 45, 53, 56,
64, 68, 71, 76, 77, 83, 84, 89, 90,
95, 99, 107, 113, 116, 123, 127,
131, 134, 136, 142, 146, 151; suit
ordered by Golden from, 12;
postage from, to Norway, 148;
ships to and from, 92, 101, 147,
174, 203, 298, 339; yellow fever
carried from, 326; taverns in, 1,
2, 5, 9, 12, 30; Sun Goffee House
(behind the Royal Exchange) in,
68, 71, 76, 83, 84, 89, 90, 95, 99,
107, 113, 116, 123, 131, 134, 136,
142, 146, 147, 150, 151; men-
tioned, viii, ix, 7-8, 13, 30(3),
33. 34, 43, 88, 93, 115, 146, 150,
297.
Long Island, settlers in Orange
Go. from, 312-13.
Long Pond, 212.
Longfield, Gornelius, 208, 209.
Lothian, Marquis of, 78-79, 137.
Lovering, , English apothe-
cary, 48.
Low, Cornelius, Jr., letter to, about
lands in New Jersey, 207-9.
Luckey, James, of Poughkeepsie,
313.
Ludlow, Gabriel, appointed Clerk
of Orange Co., 234.
L3me, James, land surveyed for,
213-14.
Lynn, England, 88, 93.
Maccall, George, 171, 172.
McGlatchie, , 11-12, 107.
McGlaghry, Patrick, deed from,
258-59; mentioned, 359.
McDowell, Andrew, deed from,
258-59; mentioned, 260, 346.
Mcintosh, , 134.
McKav, Rev. Daniel, of Scotland,
11(2), 61, 66.
McKay, Mrs. Daniel, death of, 66.
McKenny, Arthur, 313.
McLellan, , of Scotland, 7.
McNeal, John, 242(2).
McNeal, Mrs. John, 256.
Malbone, Gapt., of Rhode Island,
192.
Malt,' 147-48.
Manor: Livingston Manor, 175-77,
264, 268.
Map, Golden ordered to make, of
land grants, 167.
Mar, James Erskine, Earl of, 8,
49.
Marischal, George Keith, Earl, 8.
Markham, , 252.
Markham, John, witness, 259.
Markham, William, Lt.-Gov. of
Pennsylvania, commission from,
mentioned, x.
INDEX
381
Markham, William, letter from, to
Mrs. Golden, 261-62.
Maryland, 171.
Mason, , 288.
Massachusetts, not enough men in,
qualified to form a learned so-
ciety, 191; commission on
boundary between Rhode Island
and, 265 note, 267, 274; com-
ments from, on witchcraft in,
and New York's action against
negro conspiracy, 270-72; letter
from Gov. Shirley of, 358; ships
to and from, 76, 101, 107, 146,
154, 300; post from, 272; express
rider from, 345; letters written
in, 190-95, 269-72.
Mathews, , land of, 223; men-
tioned, 250.
Matthews, Flora, 201, 241.
Matthews, Vincent, excluded from
sharing in mine, 224; speech of,
in N. Y. General Assembly,
complaining against Haring and
others, 226-40; desirous of Fran-
cis Harison's removal, 227-28,
231, 232; Clerk of the Common
Pleas, 229; removed from offices,
231-32 ; thanks of Orange County
freeholders expressed to, 228,
230, 232-33, 235; custodian of
Orange County records, 233-34;
arrested and imprisoned, 234-35;
mentioned, 201, 220, 241.
Maxwell, James, recommended to
Golden, 127.
Medicines, 43, 44, 91-92, 253, 306,
335; for cure of yellow fever,
316-20, 323, 324, 333; Jesuits'-
bark, 91-92 ; rattlesnake-root,
307, 319-20; tar-water, 325, 335-
36; bleeding, 319, 333. See also
Diseases; Physicians.
Melrose, Scotland, 33(2), 61.
Merse, Scotland, 78; Synod of, 42,
60, 78.
Meteorology, Dr. Douglass's in-
terest in, 191.
Meynders (Myndertse), Burger,
of Newburgh, 299.
Milan, Italy, 49-50.
Military : Scottish foot guards, 1 ;
defense against the Jacobite up-
rising of 1715, 3-4, 8, 29, 30-31;
defense against the Jacobite up-
rising of 1745, 151-54; necessity
of securing garrison at Oswego,
N. Y., 307-8; necessity of build-
ing fort at the Carrying Place,
308-9.
Mills: flour, 172, 359; saw, 175,
200; Golden's, 300, 306, 359; De
Lancey's, 293, 294; Livingston's,
175.
Miln, , return of survey for,
221.
Milne, (Mill, Milln), Golden's
London agent, 2, 3, 31, 44, 45,
opprobrious conduct of, 109-10,
114-15; children of, 115; settled
as skinner, 115; helped by Col-
den, 115, 125.
Milne, Mrs. David, cousin of Mrs.
Golden, 109, 114; abandoned by
husband, 109, 114-15.
Mines, in New York, 71, 204, 224;
Golden's interest in, 198; not
excepted from deed, 313.
Minisink lands, Orange Co., N. Y.,
George Clark's interest in, 220;
lines of, 220; Minisink Patent,
162.
Minisink Precinct, Orange Co.,
N. Y., representative of, thanked
bv freeholders of, 228, 230, 232-
33, 235.
Missionaries, of the Society for
the Propagation of the Gospel:
Rev. William Andrews, 284;
Rev. Henry Barclay, 279-85.
Mitchell, Dr. John, letter from, to
Golden, about yellow fever, 314-
28; Golden's letter replying to,
328-38.
Mohawk Indians, customs of, 279-
85; language of, 283-84; country
of, 165, 198, 199, 268.
Mohawk River, 210, 213-14, 257,
258; necessity of fortifying
Carrying Place between Wood
Creek and, 308-9.
Mohegan Indians, 294 note, 295.
Molasses, method of distilling rum
from, 191-92.
Molesworth, , governorship of
N. Y. refused by, 47.
Molleston, Hendrick, of Sussex
Co., Del., X.
Monel, James, 252, 310.
Money, lying idle, 180, 181, 182;
exchange of, 170, 179, 302; New
Jersey money, 170, 179, 197, 302,
338; Proclamation money, 179,
302; New York money, 170, 179,
268, 269; Pennsylvania currency,
197; gold, 170, 171, 302; silver.
382
INDEX
Money (cont.)
170, 302; pieces of eight, 170;
pistoles, 170, 171, 264, 269, 302;
bills of exchange, 11, 338, 339.
Montgomerie, , carriage-maker
of Philadelphia, 244.
Montgomerie, John, Governor of
N. Y., encouraging to Golden,
198.
Moor, John, 170.
Moor, Richard, 181, 182.
Moore, , N. Y. house of, 343.
Morebattle, Scotland, letters writ-
ten in, 114-16, 128-34, 138-42;
manse at, 122, 124; mentioned,
88, 90-91, 94, 100, 113, 124.
Morris, Anthony, of Philadelphia,
263.
Morris, Elizabeth, married Ben-
jamin Shoemaker, 263.
Morris, Mrs. Elizabeth, of Phila-
delphia, 181, 263, 304.
Morris, Frederick, letters from, to
Golden, 209-11, 213, 215-16, 219
221-22; land grants to 209-10
land surveyed for, 213-14
Deputy-Secretary, 233, 234(2)
mentioned, 220(2), 264.
Morris, Lewis, Jr., 186.
Morris, Robert Hunter, Ghief Jus-
tice of N. J., 297.
Moss, Norway, 139(2) ; letters
written at, 146-48, 150-51.
Mossburnford, Scotland, 143(2).
Muchattoes Hill, Orange Go.,
N. Y., 158(2), 159(2).
Mullener, Peter, son of, 344.
Myndertse (Meynders), Burger, of
Newburgh, 299.
Nacks (Nox), boatman, 268, 292,
294, 306, 307.
Natural history, a society for ad-
vancing, not practicable in New
England, 191; Dr. Kalm intro-
duced as learned in, 353. See
abo Science.
Negro Gonspiracy of 1741, New
York alarmed by, 265; execu-
tions in punishment of, 265, 270 ;
suicide resulting from, 266; criti-
cism from Boston about New
York's attitude toward, 270-73;
Luke Barington's actions dur-
ing, 288-89; Horsmanden plan-
ning history of, 289.
Nesrocs, sicknesses among, 324-25,
335, 352; yellow fever imported
by, 326; slaves, 42-43, 49, 180,
183; Golden's slaves, 174, 180,
183, 198, 200(2), 202 205, 307;
unfounded rumor of rising of,
in N. Y., 345.
Nelson, Paschal, petitioner for
land, 246; certificate of, about
Golden's share, 246; mentioned,
245.
Newburgh, N. Y., letters written
at, 356-58, 358-59; lot at, bought
by Golden, 195, 196; public
house built at, 198; wharf and
storehouse at, 252(2), 253; flour
mill at, 359; Golden's mail sent
via, 257(2), 268; mentioned, 204,
272(2).
New Galabar (Kalaber), Guinea,
43.
Newcastle, England, 1, 10, 11, 30,
153(3).
New England, 27, 66, 92, 191.
New Jersey, mortgaged land in,
207-9; money of, 170, 179, 197,
302, 338; Governor of, 177; com-
missioners from, for Mohegan
controversy, 294 note; Burling-
ton in, 179, 180, 207; Perth Am-
boy in, 209, 213.
New London, Gonn., 295(2).
Newman, Widow, of Philadelphia,
buried, 263.
Newspapers: in Great Britain, 47,
49, 61, 85; in America, 297, 307,
310, 344; Boston News-Lett er,
270; New-York Gazette, 331;
Neiv-York Weekly Journal, is-
sues of, burned, 228-30; men-
tioned, 350; New-York Weekly
Post-Boy, 331 ; Pennsylvania
Gazette, 331.
Newton, Sir Isaac, Principia of,
338.
Newtown, Scotland, 79.
New York (Gity), letters written
in, 173-75, 193-96, 245-46, 249-56,
260-61. 264-66, 273-74, 277-78,
290-91, 292-93, 305-7, 344, 345-46,
348; queries about Scottish emi-
grants to, 27, 52, 53, 75-76; Gol-
den's home in, 117, 165; poem
about two political broadsides
burned in, Nov. 1734, 217-19;
hangman of, not allowed to burn
Zenger's Journal, 228-29; negro
conspiracy of 1741 in, 265; criti-
cism from Massachusetts on at-
titude of, toward negroes, 270-
INDEX
383
73; unfounded rumor of negro
rising in, 345; dissensions in,
after Gov. Cosby's death, 242;
Gov. Clinton expected at, 273,
274; danger of yellow fever in,
328; jealousv among physicians
of, 329, 332"; unsanitary condi-
tions along waterfront of, 329-
30; yellow fever epidemics in,
329-34; Colden's influence on
magistrates of, in improving
sanitary conditions in, 331; dec-
laration of trust for lot on John
Street in, 348-51 ; ships to and
from, 92, 101, 107, 146, 154, 174,
203, 29S; Colden's letters ad-
dressed to, 47(2), 53. 56, 64, 68,
71, 76, 83, 89, 95, 99, 107, 113,
116, 123, 125, 127, 128, 131, 134,
136, 142, 146, 149. 151, 154, 171,
179, 180, 181, 182. 183. 184, 193,
197; Battery in, 330; Bridge to,
306; Fort George in, 178, 265,
270; the Vly in, 329, 330, 331,
332; wharves of, 329, 330, 331,
332; Town Clerks office in, 349;
Postmaster in, 272, 291, 300. 339;
Post Office in, 272, 339; Weigh-
house in, 184, 194 7wte, 195, 198;
Weighmaster of. 55. 194-95;
Bloo^mingdale, 296. 343; Green-
wich. 261, 262, 348: mentioned,
63, 66. 137, 144, 181. 190, 197,
200, 205, 207, 212, 220, 229, 233,
235, 240, 241, 242, 245, 248, 263,
269. 272, 287, 294, 297, 300, 338,
342, 343, 344, 357, 358.
New York (Province), extrava-
gant land grants in, 161-64, 166-
68; necessity of survey of, 164;
possibility of supporting civil
list of, from quitrents, 164, 166-
67, 187, 356; mines in, 71, 199,
204, 224; queries about emi-
grants from Scotland to, 27, 52,
53, 75, 76, 83: difficulties of earlv
settlement in. 176; Irish in, 288-
89; possibility of settling, from
Connecticut, 301; east side of
Hudson River more popular
with settlers than west side, 301 ;
migration from Long Island to
Orange Co., 312-13; boimdary
line between Connecticut and,
196, 197, 198; commissioners
from, for Connecticut-Mohegan
controversy, 294 note, 295: com-
missioners from, for Rhode
Island-Massachusetts boundary,
265, 267, 273, 275, 289; defense
of Oswego necessary to security
of, 307; necessity of building a
fort at Carrying Place, 308-9;
money of, 170, 179, 268, 269; ex-
change between Pennsylvania,
New Jersey and, 170, 179, 302;
political changes in, 118, 120-21;
confusion in public affairs in,
251, 254, 255; draft of Colden's
memorial on fur trade of, men-
tioned, ix-x; draft of Colden's
account of trade of, mentioned,
x; draft of memorial on laud
grants in, mentioned, x. See also
Courts, Land Grants.
x\ttorney-General of, 168, 187,
235;
Chief Justice of, 217 note, 229-
30, 234-35, 353-54;
Deputy-Auditor of, 186, 187,
188, 189;
Deputy Secretary of, 178. See
also Morris, Frederick.
Governor of, governorship of
N. Y. refused by Molesworth,
47; Ralph Jenison of Northum-
berland appointed, 137; Lord De
La Warr not to be, 250, 255 ; in-
vestigation of land records or-
dered by, 167, 187. See also
Burnet, William; Clark, George;
Clinton, George; Cosby, Wil-
liam; Hunter, Robert.
Receiver-General, 187, 355.
Surveyor-General of. See Col-
den, Cadwallader; Surveyor-
General.
New York (Province) Council,
memorial to president of, about
land, 157-60; Colden's represen-
tation about land grants laid
before, 160; members of, ap-
pointed to study land grants,
167, 187; hearing before, on land
grants, 168-69; salary from quit-
rents allowed by, 169. 187; act
to partition lands considered by,
188-89; Zenger's Journal ordered
by, to be burned, 228-29, 230,
231 ; imprisonment by order of,
234; address of a member of,
about fortifying Oswego, 307-9;
Colden attending, 310; Golden
president of, 354; opinion of,
312; Gov. Clinton thanked by,
344.
384
INDEX
New York (Province) General As-
semblj', bill for taxing large pat-
tents defeated in, 166-67; offi-
cials' dependence on, for salaries,
187-88, 189, 354, 356; influence
of large landholders in, 189;
speech of Vincent Matthews in,
against his colleague for breach
of privileges of, 226-40; impor-
tance of freedom of speech in,
227; motion about Francis Hari-
son made in, 227-2S, 231, 232,
237; unwilling to agree with
Council about burning Zenger's
Journal, 228, 230, 231; impor-
tance of, as guardians of liberty,
238-39; contested election in,
251; address about Oswego at
meeting with, 307-9; Colden's
censure of discussion by, of a
bill before Parliament, 310-12;
news of, 344; mentioned, 174,
256, 310, 359.
New-York Gazette, 331.
Neic-York Weekly Journal issues
of, burned, 228-29, 230; men-
tioned, 350.
New-York Weekly Post-Boy,
331.
Nicholls, Elizabeth. See Golden,
Mrs. Alexander.
Nicholls (Nicolls), Richard, post-
master at New York, 272, 291,
300, 339; daughter of, married
Alexander Golden, 358 note;
mentioned, 294, 297, 305, 351,
359.
Nicholls, Mrs. Richard, 294.
Nicole, Dr., 101.
Nicolls. See Nicholls.
Nithsdale, 5th Earl of, 49-50.
Nobel, Joseph, of N. Y., 287
Noble, Gabriel, 62, 63.
Noble, Mrs. Gabriel, 63.
Noble, Rev. James, of Scotland,
62, 63.
Noble, Mrs. James, 63.
Norris, Capt., 243, 250; wife of,
243.
Norris, Isaac, of Philadelphia. 263.
Norris, Mrs. Isaac (Sally Logan),
263.
Norway, letters written in, 84-86,
125-26. 146-48, 150-51 ; Mrs. Col-
den's brothers living in, 19, 30,
34, 40, 42, 49, 54, 61, 75, 88, 90,
93-94, 125, 130(2). 146, 150; trade
of, 30, 49, 54, 84, 85, 88, 93-94,
126, 139, 147, 147-48, 149, 150;
malt business in, 147-48; ship
built in, 148; Rev. James Chiys-
tie's visit to, 138-40; postage
from London to, 148; men-
tioned, 115, 134, 141(2).
Norwich, Conn., 294-95, 301.
Nox (Nacks), boatman, 268, 292,
294, 306, 307.
Oath, of attorney, 230.
Oblong, or Equivalent lands, 211-
13, 345.
"Old Pretender," James Stuart, 8,
49-50.
Oneida Indians, language of,
283.
Oosterland, Jacob, 208.
Oothout (Oaghout), Volkert, 268.
Orange County, N. Y., land in,
surveyed, 157-60, 290-91, 299-
301 ; large patents in, 162-63 ; not
so popular with settlers, 301 ;
Irish in, 288-89; settlers in, from
Long Island, 312-13; speech of
representative from, in General
Assembly, 226-40; thanks of
freeholders of, to their repre-
sentative, Matthews, 228, 230,
232-33, 235; vexatious law suits
in, 229; people in, terrorized,
230-31 ; custody of public rec-
ords of, 233-34; courts of, 229,
230, 231, 232; clerk of, 233-34;
warrant signed by judges of,
234; commission of the peace in,
232. See also Coldenham, New-
burgh.
Orange County (former, now part
of Rockland Co.), warrant of
survey for land in, 177-78.
Orangetown, N. Y., 234.
Ormstoun, Charles, of Scotland,
48.
Oswego, N. Y., necessity of secur-
ing garrison at, 307-8; necessity
of safeguarding communications
with, 309; Lindesay's prestige
among Indians at, 341-42.
Oxnam, Scotland, letters written
at, 1-2, 9-12, 17-29, 35-37, 45-47,
57-64, 71-83. 97-99, 107-113, 117-
23; home of Alexander Golden,
7, 87(2), 94(2), 102(2); Cadwal-
lader Golden addressed at, 4; a
large parish, 75; fall of church
edifice in, 142.
Oysters, 253, 359.
INDEX
385
Painter, , widow of, 171.
Palatines (German), land granted
by Robert Livingston for use
of, 175-77; lands purchased from,
215; at Newburgh, 340; yellow
fever imported by, 326.
Paper money, 170, 179, 197, 302.
Parker, James, N. Y., bookseller,
293.
Parliament, N. Y. Assembly's dis-
approval of bill under discussion
in, 310-12.
Parsley, Anthony, xi.
Patents. See Land grants.
Paxton, , widow, 184.
Pearse, Capt., 290. _
Peck, Benjamin, of N. Y., negro
of, 266.
Pelham, Henry, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, letter from Clinton
never sent to, 353-56.
Pemberton, Rev. Ebenezer, decla-
ration of trust of, 348-51.
Pennsylvania, Colden's arrival in
London from, 1; Colden return-
ing to, 10, 11 ; efficient surveys
in, 164; Colden's interest in af-
fairs of, 175; currency of, 197;
exchange between N. Y. and,
302; commissions and waiTants
for Sussex Co. issued by officers
of, mentioned, x-xi; mentioned,
137, 242, 305. See also Philadel-
phia.
Pennsylvania Coffee House, Lon-
don, England, 2, 5, 12.
Pennsylvania Gazette, 331.
Pennsylvania Patent, 209.
Perth, James Drummond, Duke
of, 49-50.
Perth, Scotland, 8, 70.
Perth Amboy (Amboy), N. J.,
209, 213.
Petri, John J., land patent of,
260, 263.
Philadelphia, Pa., letters written
in, 170-72, 179, 180, 181, 182-84,
263, 286-87, 338, 339; Cadwal-
lader Colden living in, 17, 20,
22, 29, 31, 34, 37. 41, 45; Col-
den's aunt, Mrs. Hill, living in,
27, 83, 85, 175, 194, 199, 200,
202. 2C6, 244, 248, 249; Presby-
terians in, 40 ; flour expensive in,
172, 180, 181; post between
N. Y. and, 247, 255; exchange
of money between N. Y. and,
302; prize vessel taken to, 302;
books ordered by Colden from,
305; yellow fever carried to,
326; Franklin's newspaper in,
331; mentioned, x, xi, 7, 27, 146,
174, 207, 208, 242, 243, 248, 250,
256, 287, 303, 314, 321.
Philipse, Adolph, speech addressed
to, as Speaker of General As-
sembly, 226-40; negro of, burned
for conspiracy, 265.
Physicians, in Scotland, 31, 143,
145; ignorant of yellow fever,
328-29, 332; jealousv among
N. Y., 329, 332; Colden's suc-
cess during smallpox epidemic,
21; Colden addressed as doctor
of medicine, 17, 31, 41, 45, 47,
53, 56, 64, 68, 71, 76, S3, 89, 95,
99, 149, 151, 171, 179, 180, 181,
182, 183, 184, 193, 197, 287; let-
ter from Dr. William Douglass,
190-93; letters from and to Dr.
John Mitchell, 314-38. See also
Diseases; Medicine.
Pirates, 11, 47.
Plumsted, Clement, of Philadel-
phia, 170, 172.
Plymouth, England, 147.
Pollock, Rev. John, of Scotland,
50.
Porsgrund, Norway, letter from,
85-86.
Porter, Charles, captain of ship
Rwrnsey, 43, 48.
Postal service, in America, be-
tween N. Y. and Philadelphia,
171, 179, 247, 255; between N. Y.
and Virginia, 314; between N. Y.
and New England, 264, 265, 269,
272, 295; expensive, 172, 181;
postage paid, 175, 194, 202.
Postal service, in Great Britain,
9, 11, 31, 96, 146; postage
paid, 32, 44, 53, 68, 71, 76, 77,
84, 89, 95, 99, 116, 123, 125,
131, 134, 142, 144; amount of
postage from London to Nor-
way, 148.
Postmarks, in Great Britain, 2, 4,
9, 12, 32, 41, 45, 53, 56, 68, 71,
76, 84, 89, 95, 99, 116, 123, 131,
136, 142.
Postmaster, in New York City,
272, 291, 300, 339.
Post offices: in New York City,
272, 339; in Scotland, 4, 56, 67,
76-77, 90, 107, 116, 117.
Potts, Charles, 50.
J86
INDEX
Potts, Mrs. Charles (Mary Jami-
son), 50.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 313.
Presbyterians, in Philadelphia, 40.
Presbyteries in Scotland. See
Scotland, Church of.
Prestonpans, Scotland, Battle of,
152.
Pretender, the Old, James Stuart,
8, 49-50.
Pretender, the Young, Charles Ed-
ward Stuart, 151-53.
Piinciples of Action in Matter, by
Colden, annotated copies of,
mentioned, xi-xii.
Pringle, , of Scotland, daugh-
ters of, 9, 45.
Pringle, Agnes, married Charles
Waldie, 50.
Pringle, Jean, married William
Chatto, 44-45.
Privateers, 149, 266.
Prize, Spanish privateer taken as,
266; taken into Philadelphia,
302(2).
Promissory note, 268.
Providence, R. I., boundary com-
mission sitting at, 265, 266, 267,
272, 273(2), 274, 289(2).
Quakers, of Philadelphia, 287; of
Orange Co., N. Y., 304. See Ar-
mitt, John; Hill, Mrs. John.
Queenby, Josiah, certificate about
discovery of, 185-86.
Quitrents, 160, 161, 163, 166-70,
187, 212, 235, 355-56.
Ramsey, Mrs., of N. Y., 359.
Rattrav, Scotland, 70.
Receivor-General, of N. Y., 187,
355; of Pennsylvania, x.
Red, Mrs. (nee Johnstown), 52.
Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church of N. Y., land owned
by, 349.
Rescarrick, George, 179.
Reynolds, , 180.
Rhode Island, rum distilled in,
192 ; commission on boundary
between Massachusetts and, 265,
267, 273, 275, 289.
Richards, , of N. Y., 244.
Richards, Paul, land surveyed for,
213-14.
Richardson, Widow, of Philadel-
phia, 263.
Richardson, Mrs. Rebecca, of
Philadelphia, letter from, to
Mrs. Hill, 286-87; family and
property of, 286-87.
Richardson, Thomas, of Berwick,
England, 41.
Ridgefield, Conn., Equivalent
lands for people of, 211-13.
Ridpath, Robert, of Scotland, 92.
Ridpath, Mrs. Robert, 92.
Ridpath, Robert (Jr.), 92.
Rightmeyer, Coenraet, 257.
Robbins Island (Great Peconic
Bay), 209.
Robinson, John, 264.
Robinson, Joseph, 194.
Robison, William, of Scotland,
30(2).
Rochester, Bishop of (England),
3.
Rockland Coimty (formerly Or-
ange Co.), N. Y., warrant of
survey for land in, 177-78.
[Rome, N. Y.] carrying place be-
tween Mohawk River and Wood
Creek, 308-9.
Roosevelt, John, negro of, burned
for conspiracy, 265.
Roxburgh, Duke of, 88, 90, 103.
Roxburgh, Scotland, 50.
Roval Exchange, London, 68, 71,
76, 83, 89, 95, 99, 107, 113, 116,
123, 131, 134, 136, 142, 146, 151.
Royal Instructions, about land
grants, 158.
Rum, method of distilling, from
molasses, 191-92.
Rnmsey, ship, 43, 48.
Rutherfurd (Rutherford), Sir
John, 112, 298.
Rutherfurd (Rutherford), John,
letter from, to Colden, 297-98;
visiting Scotland, 297-98; inter-
ested in land in N. Y., 291, 298;
mentioned, 145, 154.
Sacheverell, Henry, 4.
Sacket, , 346.
St. Ninians. Scotland, 153.
Salaries, of N. Y. officials. 164,
166-67, 169-70, 187, 275, 355-56.
Salem, Mass., 271, 290 note, 299,
301.
Salisbury (Sarum), Bishop of
(England), 26.
Salisbui-v Patent, N. Y., 161, 186-
90.
Sanders, Thomas. 349.
Saw mills, 175, 200.
INDEX
387
Scheen, Norway. See Skien.
Schelluyne, , land of, 256.
Schenectady, N. Y., 258; Linde-
say in command at, 342.
Schools : dancing, 201 ; for Indians,
2S5; near Coldenham, 288; kept
by Basil Bartow in Westchester,
347.
Schuyler, John, 215, 257.
Schuyler, Wyndert, land of, 225.
Schuyler, Hon. Peter, memorial to,
as president of N. Y. Council,
157-60.
Schuyler's patent, 278; Schuyler
and Bratt's patent, 215.
Science : a society for, imprac-
ticable in New England, 191;
Dr. Douglass's interest in me-
teorological observations, 191 ;
Golden 's departure from early
belief in the mechanic system,
334; first principles of action in
matter discovered by Golden,
336-37; gravitation explicable by
Golden's principles, 336-37; Dr.
Kalm, a naturalist, introduced
to Golden, 353; editions of Gol-
den's printed scientific books
mentioned, xi-xii ; Golden's
manuscript articles on air, in-
finities, and cohesion mentioned,
xii. See aho Medicine; Physi-
cians.
Scotland, letters written in, 1-2,
4-47, 48-123, 127-46, 151-54, 297-
98; Jacobite uprising of 1715 in,
3-4, 8, 29, 30-31; Jacobite up-
rising of 1745 in, 151-54; men-
tioned, 58, 84, 179, 180; queries
about emigrants from, to Amer-
ica, 27, 52, 53, 75-76, 83, 92, 106,
132.
Scotland, Ghurch of. General As-
semblv of, 38, 39, 42, 60 ; Synod
of Fife, 27, 38; Synod of Merse,
42, 60, 78; Presbytery of Ghim-
side, 39, 74, 75, 78; Presbytery
of Dunfermline. 38-40, 42
Presbytery of Jedburgh, 64
Presbytery of Kelso, 88, 91, 138
heretors of parishes of, 14-15,
38-40, 78, 91; Dunfermline par-
ish of, 14-15, 27, 38-40, 42; More-
battle parish of, 88, 90-91, 115-
16; Whitsome parish of, 74-75,
78-79; doctrinal divisions in. 61,
91, 116; ministers of. 50, 60-61,
65, 66, 74, 75, 77, 78, 90, 103.
See aho Ghrystie, Rev. James;
Golden, Rev. Alexander; Gol-
den, Rev. James.
Scott, Lady Henrietta, plasters of,
91.
Scott, Hem-y, son of Sir John
Scott, 27, 83.
Scott, Henry (Harry), son of
Henry Scott, 27, 83.
Scott, Sir John, of Ancrum, 27.
Scott, Sir Patrick, 83.
Seals: of Governor of N. Y., men-
tioned, 230; of Surveyor-Gen-
eral of N. Y., mentioned, 277;
monogram, on letter, mentioned,
2 ; heraldic, on letter, mentioned,
127; for land patent, mentioned,
215.
Second River (Belleville), N. J.,
297.
Seneca Indians, 282.
Sharpas, William, 241.
Sheriff: of Albany, N. Y., 223; of
Perth Amboy, N. J., 213.
Ships, engaged in African slave
trade, 30, 41, 42-43, 48; between
Great Britain and Norway, 30, 34,
54, 84, 90, 139, 147, 149, 150; be-
tween England and Portugal, 6;
trans-Atlantic, 5, 10, 61, 63, 65,
66, 68, 76, 83, 92, 101, 107, 146,
154, 172, 203, 298, 339; yellow
fever carried by, 326, 332, 333;
pirates, 11, 47; privateers, 149,
226; prizes, 266, 302; man-of-
war, 298, 326; Hudson River
sloops, 165, 306, 345, 346; Eng-
lish, hindered by French, 150;
shipwreck, 92; Albany, 174, 175;
Beaver, 68, 71, 90, 171, 174(2);
Rumsey, 43, 48; Sunderland, 90.
Shirley, William, Gov. of Massa-
chusetts, letter from, to Golden,
358; mentioned, 346.
Shoemaker, Benjamin, of Phila-
delphia, 263.
Shoemaker, Mrs. Benjamin (Eliza-
beth Morris), 263.
Shuckburgh, Dr. Richard, land
surveyed for, 213-14; mentioned,
223.
Sickness. See Diseases.
Silver: money, 170, 302; buttons,
183; silverware, 181, 197; silver-
smiths, mentioned, 181, 183.
Simprin (Symprin), Scotland, let-
ters written at, 53-56, 64-68, 90-
94; mentioned, 13, 14, 15(2), 27,
388
INDEX
Simprin {cont.)
30, 37, 38, 41, 42, 50, 75(3), 79,
84(2), 87, 88, 94, 96(2).
Simpson (Simson), Rev. John, of
Scotland, 77, 78, 91(2).
Skien (Scheeu), Norway, 30, 84-
85.
Skien River, Norway, 84, 85 note,
86.
Slaves, African slave-trade, 42-43
sickness among, 324-25, 335, 352
yellow fever imported by, 326
involved in negro conspiracy of
1741, 265, 266, 270-73; un-
founded rumor of uprising of,
345; owned bv Golden, 174, 180,
183, 198, 200, 202. 205, 307; men-
tioned, 42, 49, 180, 183.
Sleighing, 343.
Sloops, on Hudson River, 165,
306, 345, 346.
Smallpox, 21, 31, 66, 130, 135, 197,
260-61, 262, 334.
Smith, , Captain of ship
Beaver, 68, 71.
Smith, William, tenant, 291; buyer
of land in Bm-net's patent, 299-
301.
Smock (Smack), Leendert, 208,
209.
Society: American Philosophical,
Philadelphia, 321 ; a society for
arts and sciences believed im-
practicable in New England, 191.
Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, letter
from Rev. Henry Barclay, mis-
sionary of, about Indians, 279-
85; Rev. William Andrews mis-
sionary of, 284.
Sonmans, Peter, 208-9.
South Carolina, 132; tar from
Carolina, 325, 336.
Southard, Virginia (later Mrs. Og-
den Hoffman), letters from Rev.
Charles S. Stewart to, men-
tioned, xi.
Southerland, William, land of,
158, 159.
Spain, privateers of, 149, 266;
King of, 289; Spaniards accused
in negro plot of 1741, 265.
Specie. See Money.
Spencer, Dr., 321,' 338.
Spotswood, Alexander, of Virginia,
at Indian conference, 165.
Spotsylvania County, Va., 132.
Spratt, John, 170.
Sprouston, Scotland, 50, 66(2).
Stackhouse, Mrs., of London, 4,
8, 9.
Stair, John Daliymple, Earl of, 30.
Stantoun, Samuel, of Berwick, 51.
Starr, , 27.
Steavsone, , of N. Y., 63.
Steil, Mrs., of O.xnam, Scotland, 64.
Stevens, Arent, 257.
Stevenson, Dr., of Edinburgh, 139.
Stewart, Rev. Charles Samuel,
Chaplain, U. S. N., letters from,
mentioned, xi.
Stewart, Sir John, 8.
Stitchell, Scotland, 50(2).
Stollard, Mrs. Orange Co. land of,
158(2).
Stout, , of Newburgh, 272.
Stoutenburgh, John, land surveyed
for, 157-59.
Stratford, Conn., 335.
Stringham, James, 219.
Sun Coffee House, London, 68, 71,
76, 83, 84. 89, 90. 95, 99, 107,
113, 116, 123, 131, 134, 136, 142,
146, 147, 150, 151.
Sunderland, ship, 90.
Supreme Court, of New York,
195, 229, 230, 231; James De
Lancey, Chief Justice of, 217
note, 229-30, 234-35, 353-54.
Survej^or-General, of New York
(Cadwallader Golden), Colden's
appointment as, 55; memorial
of, about land in Orange Co.,
157-60; representation of, about
lands in joint tenancy, 160-64;
always one of three officials in
setting out lands, 158; researches
of, into land grants, 166, 167,
187; ordered to map land grants,
167; Evans' Patent surveyed by,
168; allowed salary by (Council,
169; desirability of paying sal-
ary of, from quitrents, 169-70,
355-56; salary from quitrenta
settled on, and disallowed, 187,
355; advice of, about large land
grants, 186-90; inactivity of,
under Gov. Montgomerie, 198;
warrants of survey to, 177-78;
warrants of survev sent to, 209-
11, 213, 223(2), 256-57, 266; re-
turn of survey by, 213-14; re-
tm-ns sent bv, 266. 268; certifi-
cates sent to, 215-16, 219, 272,
273, 278; error of, in calculating
Equivalent lauds, 212-13; asked
INDEX
389
to expedite surveys, 215, 219, 222,
225, 226; 264; land siu'veyed by,
221-22, 245, 267, 268; fees for,
215, 219, 257, 264, 267, 268, 278;
assisted by Alex. Golden, 205,
206; Colden's length of service
as, 355; Cadwallader Golden, Jr.,
surveying for, 345; Deputv-Sur-
veyors of, 178, 205, 206, 210, 214,
215, 220, 223, 224, 268, 278-77.
See also Land grants.
Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania,
warrant issued by, mentioned, x.
Surveys, early land grants made
without, 161; necessity of, 164;
of Evans' Patent, 168, 169; of
land deeded for the Palatines,
176; return of, for land on Mo-
hawk River, 213-14; returns of,
mentioned, 266-67, 268, 277, 278;
Golden asked to expedite, 215,
219, 222, 225, 226, 264; warrants
of, 177-78; warrants of, men-
tioned, 157, 158, 209-10, 213, 221,
222, 223, 225, 256-57, 260; cer-
tificates, 215-16, 219, 272, 273,
278; mistakes in, 212-13, 299;
Golden assisted in, by son Alex-
ander, 205, 206; to be made by
Gadwallader Golden, Jr., 345;
mentioned, 221-22, 222-23, 245,
246, 256-57, 260, 264, 299, 355;
careful surveys in Pennsylvania
and Virginia, 164. See aho Land
Grants.
Susquehanna River, 267.
Sussex Gounty, Delaware, commis-
sions for officers in, mentioned,
x-xi.
Sweden. 30-31. 34, 51; King of,
49; Dr. Kalm of, 353.
Sweet, Sarah, witness, 259.
Swift, Dean Jonathan, 325.
Swinside, , death of, 102, 113.
Swinside, Lady, 27.
Swinton, , 89.
Swinton, Prances, of Scotland, 16,
42.
Swinton, Sir John, 16.
Swinton, Lady, 16.
Swinton, Scotland, 12, 75.
Swits, , 257(2).
Sydenham, Dr. Thomas, 317, 323.
Symprin, Scotland. See Simprin.
Tait, Rev. Andrew, of Scotland,
88.
Tar, 325, 336.
Tar Water, 325, 335-36; gout cured
by, 335; Dean Berkeley's treat-
ise on, 335.
Taverns, in London, 1, 2, 5, 9, 12, 30;
Sun Coffee House, London, 68,
71, 76, 83, 84, 89, 90, 95, S9, 107,
113, 116, 123, 131, 134, 136, 142-
(2), 146, 147, 150, 151; in Ber-
wick-on-Tweed, 41, 106.
Tenancy, joint, Colden's represen-
tation about lands held in, 160-
64.
Thames River, England, 10.
Theed, Jolin, of London, 84, 86.
Thomson, , 5.
Thomson, Dr., deceased, 40, 44.
Thomson, Mrs. 40, 44, 45.
Thomson, Alexander (Sandie), 40,
44; wife abandoned by, 89.
Thomson, Mrs. Alexander (nee
Hutcheson), 40, 44, 89; sister of
Mrs. Henderson, 89.
Thomsone, Rev. , deceased, 77.
Timber, shipped from Scotland,
30; London merchant of, 86;
deals from Norway, 147, 150; on
Livingston Manor, 175, 176; cut
for firewood, 299, 300.
Towne, Dr. [Richard], 326.
Trade of New York, drafts of
Colden's accounts of, mentioned,
ix-x.
Trade and Plantations, Commis-
sioners of, X, 160 note, 168, 189-
90, 200, 355.
Tranent, Scotland, 152.
Treasury, Lords of the, 187, 355.
Treaty, with Indians, 100, 105;
Colden's papers on, mentioned,
105.
Trees, fruit, 300; in Livingston
Manor, 175, 176; cut for fire-
wood, 299, 300.
Trotter, Dr., of Duns, Scotland, 31.
Trotter, Mrs., of Duns, 31.
Tunis, 11.
Tuttle, , letters carried by,
357, 358.
Ulster Gounty, N. Y., courts of,
229, 230, 231; vexatious law
suits in, 229; contested election
in, 251 note; Irish in, 288-89;
land in, 196; mentioned, 258.
(Part of, now Orange Gounty,
q. v.).
Urbanna. Virginia, letter written
in, 314-28; mentioned, 338.
390
INDEX
Vanala, , 310.
Van Corlaer [Arent], land for, 216.
Van Cortlandt, Phillip, letter from,
to Golden, 226; land of, 225, 226.
[Van] Cortlandt's Patent, 212.
Van der Heul, Abraham, land sold
as security by, 348-51.
Van der Heul, Nicholas, land sold
as security by, 348-51.
Van Dursen, Gilbert, witness, 351.
Van Gelder, Harmanus, Alderman,
201.
Van Guilder, Mrs., 359.
Van Hook, , of N. Y., 359.
Van Home, Abraham, executor of
Gov. Burnet, 299.
Van Home, Mary (Mrs. William
Burnet), 290 notes, 299 7iote.
Van Ness [Cornelius], land cer-
tificate for, 219.
[Van] Schelluyne, , land of,
256.
Veatch, See Vetch.
Vehicles : chaise, 85 ; kittereen, 243,
244; wagon wheels, 250, 253;
sleigh, 343.
Vernon, Mrs., 185.
Verplank, Phillip, deputy sur-
veyor, 214.
Vessels. See Ships.
Vetch (Veatch), Rev. Henry, of
Scotland, 7, 12-13, 15, 16, 55, 65.
Vetch, Rev. John, of Scotland,
death of, 66, 78.
Vinter, , father of Mrs. David
Chrystie, Jr., 32, 86.
Vinter, Karen (or Cassie). See
Chrystie, Mrs. David (Jr.).
Vinter family, of Norway, 32.
Virginia, 41, 43, 48(2); George
Home in, 92, 132; efficient sur-
vey in, 164; Gov. Spotswood of,
at Indian conference, 165; let-
ter written in, 314-28.
Wadderburn (Wedderburn), ,
151, 154; sister of, 154.
Wade, Gen. George, 153.
Wagenaer [Peter], 257.
Waldie, Charles, of Scotland, 50.
Waldie, Mrs. Charles (Agnes Prin-
gle), 50.
Waldie, Elizabeth, engaged to
George Handyside, 9.
War, between France and Great
Britain. 147, 148, 150, 266, 305,
307, 354; Indian customs in, 380-
81; Jacobite uprising of 1715,
3-4, 8, 29, 30-31, 49-50; Jacobite
uprising of 1745, 151-54.
Warren County, N. Y., deed for
land now in, 258-59.
Warrants: of arrest, 234, 237; of
survey, 157, 158, 177-178, 209-10.
213, 221, 222, 223, 225, 256-57,
260.
Warren (Sir) Peter, family of, 266;
Spanish privateer taken by, 266;
expected at N. Y., 293; a sup-
porter of James De Lancey, 354 ;
mentioned, 343.
Warren (Lady) Susannah (De
Lancey), health of, 266; daugh-
ter born to, 293; visited by Mrs.
Peter De Lancey, 343, 344; liv-
ing in Peter De Lancey's house,
343, 344.
Waterford, Ireland, 147, 149.
Watson, — , 87.
Watts [John], house bought by,
at Bloomingdale, 343.
Waugh, Rev. Robert, of Scotland,
78(3).
Wawayanda Patent, 162, 163.
Weather: great heat, 184; effect
of heat on yellow fever, 333-34;
severity of winter, 196, 248, 343;
Dr. Douglass's interest in ob-
serving, 191.
Wedderburn (Wadderburn), ,
151, 154; sister of, 154.
Wedderburn, the Humes (Homes)
of, 66, 74-75, 78, 92, 132.
Weigh-house, N. Y. City, 184,
194, 195, 198.
Weighmaster, N. Y. City, 55, 194-
95.
Wells, England, 1.
Westchester County, N. Y., land
in the Oblong in, 211-12; men-
tioned, 258; Bartow's school in,
347; Peter, De Lancey's home
at West Farms (then) in, 265,
293, 295, 296-97, 306, 340, 342-
44.
[West Farms, N. Y.] Peter De
Lancey's Westchester home at,
265, 293, 295, 296-97, 306, 340,
342-44.
West Indies, slave trade to, 42-43;
flour cheap in, 172. 180, 181;
yellow fever carried to, 326;
source of yellow fever, 332, 333;
Antigua, 57; Guadeloupe, 307.
Whary, John, 345.
Wheat, 3, 359; flour, 172, 180 181.
INDEX
391
White, James, 27, 75-76; family
of, 27, 75-76.
White, WiUiam, 349.
Whitsome, Scotland, minister of,
dead, 66, 78; James Golden
minister at, 87, 90, 101, 108, 109,
122; parish of, 74-75, 78-79; let-
ters written in, 101-6, 136-37,
145-46, 151-54.
Wicks, Azariah, land deeded to,
313.
Wiggins, Richard, of Jamaica,
L. I., 313.
W^ileman, Betty, 297.
Wileman, Henry, 194.
Wileman, Mrs. Henry (Rachel
Van Balen-Bayard), death of
Peter Bayard, son of, 297.
Willet, , widow, 183.
Williams, , 300, 301.
Williams, Charles, letter from, to
Golden, 226; land of, 209, 213-
14, 225, 226.
Willowby, , of Norwich, Conn.,
301.
Wilmot, Anne, land of, 221-22.
Winne, Gapt., 269.
Winne, Peter, 268-«9.
Witchcraft, 270, 271.
Wood, Mrs., 53.
Wood, Katherine, of Edinburgh,
40.
Wood, Rev. Matthew, of Edin-
burgh, letter from, to Mrs. Gol-
den, 127-28; mentioned, 40, 55,
70, 133; widow of, 147.
Wood, Mrs. Matthew (Katherine
Hutchison), 70, 127, 128, 133; a
widow, 147.
Wood, Thomas, deceased, 50.
Wood Creek (Oneida Co., N. Y.),
carrying place between Mohawk
River and, 308-9.
Writ, altered, 229-30; of habeas
corpus, 234; for trial before the
Admiralty, 3.
Wyndham, Sir Charles, 3.
Yellow fever, symptoms and cure
of, 315-25, 332-33; cause and pre-
vention of, 326-27, 331-33; epi-
demics of, in N. Y. City, 329-32;
writers on, 326, 328, 330.
Yester, Scotland, 50.
York, James, Duke of, 167.
York River, Va., 41, 43.
Young, , of Cvmzierton, Scot-
land, son of, 143.
Young, , a minister in Scot-
land, 11(2).
Zenger, John Peter, Journal of,
burned, 228-30; mentioned, 217
note.
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